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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome revealed reversible leftward displacement of the interventricular septum by echocardiography during sleep. A 46-year-old housewife with congenital micrognathia was admitted to our hospital complaining of severe dyspnea and general edema. On admission, she had severe hypoxemia (PaO2 = 35.2 mmHg), pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure = 70 mmHg) and right heart failure. Her echocardiograms revealed enlargement of the right ventricle with a flattened left ventricle. A sleep study performed after partial resolution of her right heart failure disclosed that severe hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure = 70 mmHg) occurred after relatively long periods of apnea. With vigorous inspiratory efforts during sleep apnea, transient enlargement of the right ventricle and leftward displacement of the septum causing the flattened left ventricle were observed echocardiographically. A concomitant decrease in left ventricular inflow velocities was also observed by the pulsed Doppler method. However, these findings immediately returned to normal with the resumption of ventilation. We concluded that these repetitive apneic events due to obstruction of the airway during sleep might accelerate complete eventual pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure.
J Cardiol 1988 Mar
PMID:[Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with reversible interventricular septal displacement during sleep: a case report]. 322 14

Age-related alterations in adaptation capacity to physiologic changes in physical workload, posture, and water and electrolyte metabolism are reviewed in this article. Other than the increased prevalence of disease in the elderly, normal aging is associated with changes in hormonal secretion patterns, tissue sensitivity to hormones, control of breathing, sleep, and renal function that make this population particularly vulnerable. Orthostatic hypotension, sleep apnea, hypernatremia, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia, as well as other conditions, are discussed in light of these changes.
Cardiol Clin 1986 May
PMID:Homeostatic fragility in the elderly. 351 37

The purpose of this study was twofold: to establish an ECG respiration monitoring system, and to evaluate the clinical usefulness of this system. Our purpose was to determine how many patients with cardiovascular disorders may have unrecognized sleep apnea and whether such apneic episodes are an important cause of cardiac arrhythmias. The study group included 81 patients, age range 40-95 years, and 13 healthy males, age range 52-72 years. The 24-h ECG respiration recordings were obtained with the two-channel holter recorder. Airflow at the nose using a nasal thermister or chest wall movement by impedance pneumography was recorded as respiration record on the second channel. Sleep apnea was observed 69% and 77-100% in the control subjects and patients with cardiovascular disorders, respectively. Episodes of sleep apnea were most frequent in the patients with old myocardial infarction. Grading of apneas was defined according to the length of apnea. Short duration apneas were observed only in the control subjects, but longer apneic episodes were observed in patients with cardiovascular disorders. Bradyarrhythmias observed were to be relative to apneic episodes longer than 20 s, while ventricular arrhythmias were observed only in the patients with old myocardial infarction, coincident with apneas lasting longer than 40 s. Atrioventricular conduction disturbances were also observed to be related to the occurrence of sleep apnea. These results suggest that 24-h ECG respiration monitoring is useful not only for the observation of sleep apneic episodes, but also in clarifying the relationship between cardiac arrhythmias and apneic episodes.
Clin Cardiol 1987 Dec
PMID:Arrhythmogenic properties of disordered breathing during sleep in patients with cardiovascular disorders. 369 Sep 4

More than half of patients with essential hypertension have sleep apnea. The incidence of unrecognized sleep apnea in patients with essential hypertension was assessed. Twenty-three patients taking antihypertensive medication were selected at random from a hypertension clinic. They were evaluated by questionnaire for symptoms of sleep apnea, and during 3 hours of sleep, measurements were made of respiratory patterns using an impedance pneumograph, arterial O2 saturation with an ear oximeter and air flow at the mouth or nose with a face mask pneumotacograph. Abnormal sleep apneas (average 20 seconds) lasting for an average of 19% sleep time were found in 11 patients (48%). Significant arterial O2 desaturation, defined as a decrease of at least 4% and to less than 90%, was observed in 7 of these 11 (30%), with an average saturation of 87% at the end of the apneic episodes. Thus, almost one-third of patients randomly selected had significant arterial O2 desaturation during sleep because of sleep apnea, and it is suggested that sleep apnea may play a part in the development of essential hypertension.
Am J Cardiol 1985 Apr 01
PMID:Sleep apnea syndrome and essential hypertension. 398 61

Fourteen morbidly obese patients scheduled for gastric bypass surgery were diagnosed preoperatively as suffering from sleep apnea syndrome. There were 13 males and 1 female aged 24 to 59 years. Mean preoperative excessive body weight was 222 +/- 38%; mean apnea index prior to surgery was 84 +/- 44. A whole night lead II ECG tracing was performed as part of the polyhypnographic recordings and was evaluated for cardiac arrhythmias. Studies were performed in all patients preoperatively and 6 months thereafter. Statistical analysis was done using the Student's paired t-test. In this group a high incidence of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias was found. Marked sinus arrhythmia was encountered in all patients and extreme sinus bradycardia in 4 of them. In a consecutive sleep study performed 6 months postoperatively most cardiac arrhythmias disappeared. Marked sinus arrhythmia persisted in only two patients and severe ventricular premature beats (Lown's grade III-IV), found preoperatively in all patients, were still present postoperatively in only two, although in a much milder form. Surgical weight reduction, therefore, is a valuable method in the abolishment of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias of the morbidly obese sleep-apneic patient.
Clin Cardiol 1985 Oct
PMID:Cardiac arrhythmias during sleep in morbidly obese sleep-apneic patients before and after gastric bypass surgery. 405 30

This report presents the first study of cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbance in a large group (400 patients) with sleep apnea syndrome studied between 1974 and 1979 with 24-hour Holter electrocardiography and a simultaneously recorded polygraph during late afternoon or nocturnal sleep. Of the 400, 193 patients (48%) had cardiac arrhythmias during the recorded night. The mean number of apneic events, age, weight and lowest oxygen saturation during sleep were not significantly different in those with arrhythmias. The most significant abnormalities were unsustained ventricular tachycardia in 8 patients, sinus arrest that lasted for 2.5 to 13 seconds in 43 patients, and second-degree atrioventricular conduction block in 31. Seventy-five had frequent (greater than 2 beats/min) premature ventricular contractions during sleep. Fifty patients with significant arrhythmias had a tracheostomy and were monitored again after surgery. No arrhythmia was present in these patients except for premature ventricular contractions.
Am J Cardiol 1983 Sep 01
PMID:Cardiac arrhythmia and conduction disturbances during sleep in 400 patients with sleep apnea syndrome. 619

Observations are described in 12 massively obese patients (5 women, 7 men), aged 25 to 59 years (mean 37), who weighed 312 to more than 500 pounds (mean 381). Seven patients had had systemic hypertension, 4 hypersomnia or sleep apnea, 2 diabetes mellitus, and 1 patient symptomatic coronary artery disease. Five patients died suddenly from undetermined causes, 2 from right-sided congestive heart failure, 1 patient from acute myocardial infarction; 1 from aortic dissection; 1 from intracerebral hemorrhage; 1 from a drug overdose, and 1 soon after an ileal bypass. The heart weight was increased in all 12 patients. The heart weight to body weight ratio expressed as a percent ranged from 0.22 to 0.61 (mean 0.37) (normal for men 0.42 to 0.46 [mean 0.43], normal for women 0.38 to 0.46 [mean 0.40]). The left ventricular cavity was dilated in 11 patients and the right ventricular cavity in all 12. Only 2 patients (aged 42 and 59 years) had 1 or more major epicardial coronary arteries narrowed greater than 75% in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaque, 1 of whom had no symptoms of myocardial ischemia. Of 664 five-millimeter segments from the 4 major epicardial coronary arteries from 11 patients (mean 60 per patient), 431 (65%) were narrowed 0 to 25% in XSA, 143 (21%) were narrowed 26 to 50%, 73 (11%) were narrowed 51 to 75%, and 17 (3%) were narrowed 76 to 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Am J Cardiol 1984 Nov 01
PMID:The heart in massive (more than 300 pounds or 136 kilograms) obesity: analysis of 12 patients studied at necropsy. 649 30

Six patients with sleep apnea syndrome were studied with continuous hemodynamic monitoring during sleep. Sleep apnea had been previously documented with an average number of apneas per hour of sleep ranging from 23 to 93 ((mean 63). There was significant decrease in heart rate during sleep (82 +/- 5 to 69 +/- 6, P less than 0.01). There was a significant rise in systemic blood pressure (103 +/- 2 mn Hg to 116 +/- 6 mm Hg, P less than 0.05) and pulmonary artery pressure (20 +/- 1 mm Hg to 32 +/- 5 mm Hg) during sleep. In addition, pulmonary artery wedge pressure increased (12 +/- 2 mm Hg to 20 +/- 3 mm Hg, P less than 0.05) during sleep and 5 of the 6 patients developed an abnormal pulmonary wedge pressure. There was a significant decrease in PO2 during sleep (71 +/- 3 mm Hg to 49 +/- 2 mm Hg, P less than 0.005). These findings suggest that increases in pulmonary wedge pressures may be contributing to increase in pulmonary artery pressures in these patients during sleep.
Int J Cardiol 1981
PMID:Abnormalities of pulmonary artery wedge pressures in sleep-induced apnea. 733 16

Sleep apnea has been associated with various types of cardiac dysrhythmias; however, complete heart block has not been reported to occur in this condition. This brief report describes the case of a patient who developed episodes of prolonged complete heart block during sleep apnea. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure resulted in complete resolution of the heart block.
Clin Cardiol 1994 Dec
PMID:Sleep apnea and complete heart block. 786 41

This prospective study in 37 patients evaluated the prevalence of ventricular late potentials in sleep apnea syndrome, a condition associated with an increased risk of ventricular rhythm disorders and sudden death. A comparative analysis was conducted among a group of patients considered free of coronary heart disease and admitted for suspected sleep apnea syndrome based on clinical symptoms and simple blood gas measurements. The prevalence of ventricular late potentials was 56% in the subgroup with and 14% in the subgroup without polygraphy evidence of apnea (F < 0.01). The analysis of clinical, respiratory, and echocardiographic findings in the apneic subgroup failed to detect any factors associated with the presence of ventricular late potentials. Only long-term follow-up studies involving invasive heart rhythm testing could define the prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials in sleep apnea syndrome. However, our data demonstrate that there is an association between ventricular late potentials and sleep apnea syndrome.
Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 1996 Dec
PMID:[Ventricular late potentials and sleep apnea syndromes]. 903 92


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