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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (
sleep apnea
)
8,000
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
We report herein a patient with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) who presented with severe autonomic failure, dementia and parkinsonism. At onset, the 70-year-old man exhibited dementia and gait disturbance. Over the next 3 years, he developed symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, such as
sleep apnea
, orthostatic hypotension and bladder and bowel dysfunction. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed moderate frontotemporal atrophy. Single photon emission computed tomography images depicted bilateral hypoperfusion in the parietal lobes. Interestingly, recurrent episodes of cardiopulmonary arrest together with unconsciousness occurred during the 2-year period before the patient died at the age of 74. At autopsy, axial slices of the brainstem showed depigmentation of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. Lewy bodies were present in areas of the brainstem such as the substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, solitary nucleus, raphe nucleus and dorsal vagal nucleus and in the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia, parahippocampal gyrus and cerebral cortex.
Neuronal
loss was observed in the intermediolateral column, but neurons in the sympathetic ganglia were well preserved. On the basis of the clinical history and pathological findings, we diagnosed this as a case of DLB. There are a few reported cases of DLB associated with various manifestations of autonomic failure. In our patient, autonomic failure including cardiopulmonary arrest may have resulted from widespread impairment of the autonomic nervous system.
...
PMID:[Autopsy findings in a case of dementia with Lewy bodies with marked autonomic failure and repetitive cardiopulmonary arrest]. 1618 Jul 9
Mammals must continuously regulate the levels of O
2
and CO
2
, which is particularly important for the brain. Failure to maintain adequate O
2
/CO
2
homeostasis has been associated with numerous disorders including
sleep apnoea
, Rett syndrome and sudden infant death syndrome. But, O
2
/CO
2
homeostasis poses major regulatory challenges, even in the healthy brain.
Neuronal
activities change in a differentiated, spatially and temporally complex manner, which is reflected in equally complex changes in O
2
demand. This raises important questions: is oxygen sensing an emergent property, locally generated within all active neuronal networks, and/or the property of specialized O
2
-sensitive CNS regions? Increasing evidence suggests that the regulation of the brain's redox state involves properties that are intrinsic to many networks, but that specialized regions in the brainstem orchestrate the integrated control of respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Although the levels of O
2
in arterial blood and the CNS are very different, neuro-glial interactions and purinergic signalling are critical for both peripheral and CNS chemosensation. Indeed, the specificity of neuroglial interactions seems to determine the differential responses to O
2
, CO
2
and the changes in pH.
...
PMID:Advances in cellular and integrative control of oxygen homeostasis within the central nervous system. 2974 97
