Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The vascular endothelial cell is a multipotent cell which has several functions: transport barrier, phagocytosis, coagulation/anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, autocrine/paracrine and metabolic functions. The release of vasoactive agents, such as the vasodilators EDRF (NO) and EDHF, and vasoconstrictors, such as endothelin (ET), represents an important local mechanism altering the balance of vasodilation/ vasoconstriction of the vascular smooth muscle cell. Inhibition of the synthesis of NO by exogenous (e.g. L-NAME) or endogenous (e.g. ADMA) L-arginine analogues may cause transient or sustained hypertension. A similar effect may be achieved by continuous administration of the potent vasoconstrictor ET. Endothelial dysfunction, associated with a deficient NO production and release as well an enhanced ET generation, may be present in some forms of vascular disease, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus or sleep apnea. Whether such alterations may be a cause of hypertension and involved in the maintenance of high blood pressure or whether they represent a consequence of the hypertensive disease remains to be concluded. Furthermore, while there is emerging evidence that endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease may be reversed by therapy, it remains to be determined whether measures of endothelial function in man may serve as predictors for morbidity or mortality.
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PMID:Measures of endothelial function as an endpoint in hypertension? 949 29

Patients with end-stage renal disease face a particularly high risk of cardiovascular disease and total mortality. Part of their increased risk is due to higher prevalence of established risk factors such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoking and anemia. Hypertension and diabetes have a very high prevalence in dialysis patients and play a major role in their high mortality and morbidity. Hyperparathyroidism, hyperhomocis-teinemia and disordered lipid metabolism represent factors which are peculiarly altered by the uremic state. Inflammatory processes, high sympathetic activity and the accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase (ADMA) have recently emerged as cardiovascular risk factors of paramount importance. Sleep apnea has been linked with nocturnal hypertension and could be implicated in the high prevalence of concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle in these patients. Hypertension control as well as appropriate treatment of anaemia and cessation of smoking constitute fundamental areas of intervention in dialysis patients. It is possible that in the near future control of chronic inflammatory processes, of high sympathetic activity and endothelial dysfunction will further contribute to curb the exceedingly high cardiovascular mortality of patients on chronic dialysis treatment.
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PMID:[Cardiovascular events in chronic advanced renal insufficiency. Current concepts]. 1267 80

Patients with end-stage renal disease face a particularly high risk of cardiovascular disease and total mortality. Part of their increased risk is due to a higher prevalence of established risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and anemia. Hypertension and diabetes have a very high prevalence in dialysis patients and play a major role in their high mortality and morbidity. Hyperparathyroidism, hyperhomocysteinemia and disordered lipid metabolism represent factors that are peculiarly altered by the uremic state. Inflammatory processes, high sympathetic activity, and the accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase (ADMA), have recently emerged as cardiovascular risk factors of paramount importance. Sleep apnea has been linked with nocturnal hypertension and could be implicated in the high prevalence of concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle in these patients. Hypertension control, as well as appropriate treatment of anemia and cessation of smoking, constitutes a fundamental area of intervention in dialysis patients. It appears possible that, in the near future, control of chronic inflammatory processes of high sympathetic activity and endothelial dysfunction will further help to curb the exceedingly high cardiovascular mortality of patients on chronic dialysis treatment.
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PMID:Traditional and emerging cardiovascular risk factors in end-stage renal disease. 1275 78