Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects were assessed of ingestion of 1 ml/kg of 100 proof vodka on sleep-disordered breathing, nocturnal oxygen desaturation, and ventricular ectopy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ethanol ingestion (mean blood alcohol concentration of 40 mg/dl) was associated with a significant increase in the number of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) per night and the number of PVCs per hour of sleep-period time, but was not associated with other ventricular dysrhythmias. Ethanol also increased the number of episodes of apnea, total duration of apnea, and the number of episodes of apnea per hour of total sleep time, but there was no significant change in hypopnea or oxygen desaturation. Ethanol decreased total sleep time but did not significantly alter sleep stage distribution. This study demonstrates that moderate ethanol consumption increased ventricular ectopy and sleep apnea in patients with COPD.
 ...
PMID:Increased ventricular ectopy and sleep apnea following ethanol ingestion in COPD patients. 618 40

There exist a large number of drugs belonging to the benzodiazepine family. These include the 1,4-benzodiazepines such as diazepam, temazepam and oxazepam, the often more potent diazolo- and triazolo-groups represented by alprazolam, midazolam, triazolam etc. These drugs represent a large range of potencies from submilligram doses to over 100 mg and a range of polarities. Consequently, blood or plasma concentrations associated with prescribed use range from sub-nanogram per mL to near-microgram per mL. Their medical use varies, but they are predominantly used as hypnotics and sedatives. Some members are also used in the treatment of post-traumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders, alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasm, and seizures. Recreationally, drug users favor these drugs to reduce the symptoms of withdrawal and unpleasant effects of heroin and cocaine. They are also commonly used as "date-rape" drugs to render a victim incapable of resisting an attack. Benzodiazepines elicit a large number of physiological and psychological responses in humans that often can lead to significant behavioral changes and adverse effects on skills required for safe driving. These include reduced lane control, increased reaction times, reduced hand-eye coordination and cognitive impairment. Impairment can exceed that seen with 0.05 g% ethanol. In high doses benzodiazepines can cause persons to exhibit classical features of CNS-depressant drugs such as nystagmus, ataxia, slurred speech, and impaired divided attention skills. As one would expect with hypnotics and sedatives, any sleep deprivation, or situations involving monotonous driving can lead to a reduced ability to concentrate and maintain vigilance. Adverse effects on REM and NREM sleep patterns will exacerbate fatigue-related components to driving. Persons with sleep abnormalities, e.g., sleep apnea, may be more likely to be affected by benzodiazepines than those with normal sleep patterns. Ethanol and narcotic analgesics also affect sleep patterns and may compound any CNS-depressant effects associated with the use of benzodiazepines.
...
PMID:Benzodiazepines - Effects on Human Performance and Behavior. 2625 85