Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eight obese patients (4 male, 4 female; mean age = 35.9 years) before [mean body mass index (BMI) = 37.1] and after (mean BMI = 31.4) weight loss by means of a mixed hypocaloric diet were compared with 8 lean subjects (4 male, 4 female; mean age = 37.1 years, mean BMI = 22.3) in a study of their nocturnal sleep patterns and sleep-related growth hormone (GH) secretions. Although no sleep disorders (in particular, sleep apnea and hypersomnia) were observed, GH secretion was markedly altered in obese patients that showed no sleep-related GH peaks. After weight loss, the sleep architecture in obese subjects was unchanged. On the contrary, GH peak appeared to be only partially restored and delayed until after stage III-IV of non-REM sleep. Our study on obese subjects suggests that the altered nocturnal GH secretion, probably related to a hypothalamic dysfunction, may be the result of the obesity per se.
 ...
PMID:Sleep-related growth hormone secretion in human obesity: effect of dietary treatment. 175 83

To investigate whether automobile drivers with the clinical features of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) perform worse than controls in a simulated long-term test drive, and to see if their driving improves after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), 15 male drivers with SAS, suffering from sleep spells whilst driving, and 10 matched controls without a history of SAS or hypersomnia at the wheel were tested in an advanced driving simulator. Brake reaction time, lateral position deviation and off-road episodes were measured during a 90-min rural drive at twilight conditions. The clinical evaluation was made by a questionnaire scoring symptoms of snoring, sleep disturbances and diurnal sleepiness before and after surgery. Before UPPP the patient group showed impaired performance in all three effect measures compared to controls. UPPP resulted in improved reaction time performance (average mean improvement: 0.5 s, average 90th percentile improvement 0.8 s). Furthermore, 12 of the 15 patients reported a marked improvement regarding sleepiness whilst driving. For these clinically successful cases the number of off-road episodes decreased substantially. We conclude that most patients improve their long-term driving performance as a result of UPPP.
 ...
PMID:Simulated long-term driving performance before and after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. 201 74

A cardiac pacemaker was implanted because of nocturnal sinus arrhythmia into a 53-year-old man with hypersomnia. After other patients had reported loud snoring and breathing pauses, which appeared to be dangerously long, polysomnography was performed. It indicated a marked obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome with an apnoea index of 55 and an average apnoea duration of 35 seconds. The nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias disappeared under continuous nasal raised pressure ventilation.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiac pacemaker implantation in unrecognized obstructive sleep apnea syndrome]. 222 64

The author gives an account of present knowledge on the syndrome of hypersomnia with sleep apnea (HSA). After a historical introduction he deals with the incidence of this syndrome in Czechoslovakia; there are few accounts of this syndrome in the Czech literature. The author holds the view that this affection which is very frequent in other countries frequently escapes diagnosis in this country because the patients are not examined by sleep polygraphy which is essential for the diagnosis of HSA. The author describes also individual symptoms of the affection, i.e. hypersomnia, impaired respiration during sleep with frequent apnoic intervals, obesity, cardiovascular disorders and psychic changes. He emphasizes also the frequent incidence of tissue hyperplasia in the oropharyngeal area which leads to stenosis in this area.
 ...
PMID:[Hypersomnia with sleep apnea. I]. 233 38

In the submitted paper the author gives an account of different affection associated with the syndrome of hypersomnia with sleep apnea. They include diseases and malformations with stenosis of the upper airways in the oropharyngeal area, particularly marked during sleep. They comprise also affections of nervous structures which innervate muscles in this area. The author pays attention to the frequent incidence of this syndrome in children with hypertrophic tonsils and adenoid vegetations. In this connection he mentions the cot death syndrome where very often death occurs during the apnoic interval as a result of immaturity of nervous structures which regulate respiration during sleep. The author describes also pathophysiological mechanisms of development of HSA and the diagnosis of this affection where examination by sleep polygraphy is essential. In the subsequent part of the work the author reviews contemporary conservative and surgical treatment of HSA.
 ...
PMID:[Hypersomnia with sleep apnea. II]. 233 39

Symptoms of excessive daytime somnolence range from mild to severe. In mild cases, there may be minimal interference with normal daytime function. The hypersomnia can be disabling. When severe the patient finds it difficult to remain awake at times when physically inactive. Excessive daytime somnolence is the chief complaint of the majority of our adult patients. In this paper, we present the findings for 1,000 consecutive patients (755 males and 245 females) who were seen at the Humana Hospital Audubon Sleep Disorders Center. Patients ranged in age from 15 to 83. All patients had a sleep history, medical history and physical, psychological evaluation, polysomnographic evaluation, and other laboratory tests as indicated. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was the most prevalent diagnosis for males (84.2%) and females (59.6%). It accounted for over three-fourths of all diagnoses. Hypersomnia secondary to a psychiatric disorder was the next most frequent diagnosis overall (6.1%). A psychiatric disorder was second for females and third for males. Narcolepsy was diagnosed for 5.8% of all patients. This was the second most prevalent diagnosis for males and third for females. Eighteen males (47.4% of all males with a diagnosis of narcolepsy) and 9 females (45.0%) had cataplexy. Nocturnal myoclonus was the primary diagnosis in 2.5% of all patients with excessive daytime somnolence. An additional 49 patients with sleep apnea syndrome and 18 patients with narcolepsy also had periodic leg movements during sleep. A diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy was made for 1.3% of patients. The narcolepsy component of this diagnosis was typically made only after the obstructive sleep apnea had been resolved (eg, nasal CPAP, tracheostomy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Disorder of excessive daytime somnolence: a case series of 1,000 patients. 239 10

Epidemiologic studies revealed that up to 10 percent of middle-aged men show more than 10 cessations of breathing of more than 10 seconds' duration. In these patients, increased morbidity and mortality rates have been proved. More than 50 percent of apnea patients exhibit arterial hypertension, and up to 50 percent of hypertensive patients experience sleep apnea. Patients with sleep apnea and essential hypertension need special attention paid to their antihypertensive therapy because the following side effects of drugs have to be avoided: increases of cardiac insufficiency, hyperviscosity of the blood, intensification of the hypersomnia by central sedation, intensification of a pre-existing tendency towards arrhythmias, and deprivation of deep and rapid eye movement sleep. In this study, the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with sleep apnea and hypertension are examined. An interim evaluation of six patients (aged 50 to 57) yielded the following results: Average Broca index, 124; average blood pressure before therapy, 159/102 mm Hg; average blood pressure after therapy, 132/78; a decrease of the apnea and hypopnea index from x = 31 (range, 12 to 77) to x = 20 (range, two to 54). Therapy did not influence sleep structure: before therapy, an average of 19 percent of sleep episodes were of the rapid eye movement type (range, 11 to 32 percent); after therapy, 23 percent were of this type on average (range, 21 to 25 percent). A final evaluation will be carried out after the second study phase for 12 patients who have been treated in a double-blind scheme with metropolol versus cilazapril.
 ...
PMID:Effects of cilazapril on hypertension, sleep, and apnea. 253 65

A simple blind study with small doses of naloxone (0.8-1.6 mg i.v.) was carried out in 11 patients with hypersomnia with sleep apnoea (HSA). The effect was studied by diurnal polysomnography. It was found that the administration of naloxone was followed by significant prolongation of wakefulness and by significant shortening of the total duration of the second stage of NREM sleep. The duration of the apnoeic episodes was also significantly shortened after naloxone, although their number did not alter. Increased activity of the endorphinergic system (which naloxone inhibits by receptor competition) evidently plays a role in the pathophysiology of HSA.
 ...
PMID:Effect of naloxone on diurnal polysomnographic manifestations of hypersomnia with sleep apnoea. 253 89

The CSF pressure was measured continuously at the lumbar level during nocturnal sleep in 3 patients with sleep apnea hypersomnia syndrome. Nocturnal sleep was very unstable with frequent episodes of obstructive sleep apnea. When the patients were awake and relaxed in the supine position, their CSF pressure was stable and within the normal range. Episodic marked elevations of CSF pressure occurred frequently during sleep, and each elevation was preceded and accompanied by an episode of sleep apnea or hypopnea. Significant correlations were found between the duration of apneic episodes and increase of CSF pressure, and between decrease of SaO2 or TcPO2 and increase of CSF pressure. The duration of sleep apnea was longer, increase of CSF pressure was greater, and decreases of SaO2 and TcPO2 were more marked during REM sleep than during NREM sleep. It is suggested that the frequent marked episodic elevations of CSF pressure are caused by an increase in the intracranial vascular volume occurring mainly in response to transient hypercapnia and hypoxia, which are induced by pulmonary hypoventilation during the episodes of sleep apnea.
 ...
PMID:Marked episodic elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure during nocturnal sleep in patients with sleep apnea hypersomnia syndrome. 257 29

Sleep-related motor vehicle accidents are a serious safety hazard both for the driver who falls asleep and for others on the road. Sleep disorders may be significant contributing factor in some of these accidents. We reviewed data on sleep-related accidents from 70 control subjects and 424 adults with four categories of sleep disorders: sleep apnea, narcolepsy, other disorders of excessive sleepiness, and sleep disorders without excessive sleepiness. The proportion of individuals with sleep-related accidents was 1.5-4 times greater in the hypersomnolent patient groups than in the control group. In patients with hypersomnia, the incidence of sleep-related accidents per year of excessive sleepiness was 3-7%. Although the proportion of patients with sleep-related accidents was highest in narcoleptics, apneics were involved in more sleep-related accidents because of their greater number. Apneics and nacroleptics accounted for 71% of all sleep-related accidents. The proportion of severe apneics who had sleep-related accidents was almost twice that of patients with mild or moderate apnea. Mean sleep latency by Multiple Sleep Latency Test did not differ significantly in patients with accidents and those without. Patients with a wide variety of sleep disorders appear to be at increased risk for sleep-related accidents. The severity and duration of hypersomnia are probably not the only factors that contribute to that risk. These findings have implications for the management of patients with sleep disorders.
 ...
PMID:Automobile accidents in patients with sleep disorders. 259 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>