Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Symptoms of excessive daytime somnolence range from mild to severe. In mild cases, there may be minimal interference with normal daytime function. The hypersomnia can be disabling. When severe the patient finds it difficult to remain awake at times when physically inactive. Excessive daytime somnolence is the chief complaint of the majority of our adult patients. In this paper, we present the findings for 1,000 consecutive patients (755 males and 245 females) who were seen at the Humana Hospital Audubon Sleep Disorders Center. Patients ranged in age from 15 to 83. All patients had a sleep history, medical history and physical, psychological evaluation, polysomnographic evaluation, and other laboratory tests as indicated. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was the most prevalent diagnosis for males (84.2%) and females (59.6%). It accounted for over three-fourths of all diagnoses. Hypersomnia secondary to a psychiatric disorder was the next most frequent diagnosis overall (6.1%). A psychiatric disorder was second for females and third for males. Narcolepsy was diagnosed for 5.8% of all patients. This was the second most prevalent diagnosis for males and third for females. Eighteen males (47.4% of all males with a diagnosis of narcolepsy) and 9 females (45.0%) had cataplexy. Nocturnal myoclonus was the primary diagnosis in 2.5% of all patients with excessive daytime somnolence. An additional 49 patients with sleep apnea syndrome and 18 patients with narcolepsy also had periodic leg movements during sleep. A diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy was made for 1.3% of patients. The narcolepsy component of this diagnosis was typically made only after the obstructive sleep apnea had been resolved (eg, nasal CPAP, tracheostomy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Disorder of excessive daytime somnolence: a case series of 1,000 patients. 239 10

The sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) is characterised by somatic, in particular cardiopulmonary and psychosocial, symptoms, the latter severely impairing the patient's social life. Excessive daytime somnolence and the resulting problems severely stress patients with SAS. Among 24 patients with SAS, 79.2% stated that they fell asleep during the day, frequently in 41.8% and occasionally in 37.4%. In addition, 70.8% of the patients with SA did not feel adequately rested on waking in the morning. Of the 24 patients, 17 had a job, and 11 of these experienced difficulty staying awake at the workplace. Suitable timely treatment (for example, with n-CPAP) improves not only the somatic, but also the neuropsychological symptoms.
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PMID:[Sleep apnea and the work site]. 239 38

People with snoring, excessive daytime somnolence, and nocturnal breath cessation are very likely to have sleep apnea, particularly if they are obese or hypertensive. We collected epidemiologic data to determine the frequency of these findings in an unselected adult population. Respondents in a random digit dialing telephone survey included 685 people (356 women and 329 men, with a mean age of 50 years). Snoring was reported by 37%, gasping by 8%, excessive daytime somnolence by 36%, and hypertension by 28%; all symptoms were more prevalent in respondents older than 50 years. Snoring and gasping were more common in men than in women. Six persons (1%) had all four risk factors, plus a body mass index of one standard deviation above the mean. Eleven respondents (2%) had all four risk factors, but lower weight. We conclude that all risk factors for sleep apnea are more prevalent in persons over the age of 50 years, and that the incidence of sleep apnea in the general population may be 1%.
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PMID:Sleep apnea: prevalence of risk factors in a general population. 267 53

Sleep history and pituitary function were studied and sleep polygraphy performed in 11 acromegalic patients before and after pituitary surgery. Excessive daytime sleepiness or habitual snoring or both together, as well as an elevated fasting level of serum GH occurred in all the patients. In five men but in none of the women an abnormal number of episodes of sleep apnoea were observed. Pituitary adenomectomy improved the apnoea frequency in one patient, whereas in the others the abnormality was still present 1 year later. After operation the fasting level of serum GH became normal in eight patients, two of them with persisting sleep apnoea. The sleep apnoea syndrome is common and clinically important in acromegaly. Its early diagnosis using polygraphic monitoring is emphasized, as it is a treatable disorder.
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PMID:Sleep apnoea and daytime sleepiness in acromegaly: relationship to endocrinological factors. 345 70

The purpose of this study was to determine which measures of impaired respiration in sleep relate to self-reported excessive daytime somnolence (EDS). Previous studies conflict regarding the relative importance of arterial hypoxemia and brief awakenings in relating to EDS. A group of 37 elderly clinic patients with complaints of snoring, a clinical diagnosis of sleep apnea, and varying degrees of self-reported somnolence were evaluated polysomnographically and psychometrically. Results showed that a subgroup of somnolent patients were characterized by more severe oxygen desaturations relative to nonsomnolent patients. These differences were obtained even when obesity was controlled. Psychologic symptoms related to the symptom of EDS but not to the sleep measures. This suggested that patients were clearly distressed by their hypersomnolence, but that individual differences played a major role in how the distress was manifested.
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PMID:Self-reported excessive daytime somnolence and impaired respiration in sleep. 373 88

Sleep-related closure of the upper airways is the key feature of the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Excessive daytime sleepiness and loud snoring are the major signs. It is not possible to differentiate patients with the single complaint of habitual snoring from patients with sleep apnoea by their history alone; polysomnography is a mandatory procedure. Recently, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) has been introduced as a surgical procedure to treat OSAS and excessive snoring. This paper presents the results of UPPP in eleven patients evaluated by means of postoperative polysomnography.
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PMID:[Sleep apnea syndrome, snoring and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty]. 379 61

This cross-sectional, multivariate study investigated associations between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and putative risk factors in a heterogeneous group of 720 individuals over the age of 50 years studied during all-night in-lab polysomnography. Results indicated that: aged men were more likely to show impaired respiration during sleep than aged women; excessive daytime somnolence and parasomniac symptoms (snoring, gasping during sleep) were associated with SDB but insomnia was not; obesity accounted for more variance in SDB than age per se, implying that the prevalence of SDB in some elderly persons could be related to the deposition of body fat seen as individuals grow older. All four risk factors (age, sex, obesity, and symptomatic status) were statistically significant and independent predictors of impaired respiration in sleep in the elderly.
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PMID:Risk factors for sleep disordered breathing in heterogeneous geriatric populations. 380 55

Two cases of myotonic dystrophy with excessive daytime somnolence are described. All-night polysomnographic studies were performed revealing high number of central sleep apnea which triggered micro-arousals and awakenings leading to decrease of sleep efficiency as well as of stage 3, 4 and REM. Obstructive and mixed apneas were found in the normal range. Hypoxia was not present in both recordings. Central sleep apneas and its secondary excessive daytime sleepiness may indicate early signs of the central nervous system impairment related to myotonic dystrophy, as a multi-organ disease.
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PMID:[Excessive daytime sleepiness, central type sleep apnea and myotonic dystrophy]. 383 40

This overview of normal and disordered sleep introduces techniques for recording and classifying sleep stages, physiological and temporal characteristics of sleep, age-related changes in sleep, consequences of sleep deprivation, theories on the function of sleep, and neurophysiological and biochemical mechanisms regulating sleep. Various categories of sleep disorders are briefly surveyed, with special emphasis on differential diagnosis of sleep apnea syndromes and other disorders characterized by symptoms of excessive daytime somnolence.
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PMID:Sleep apnea disorders. Introduction to sleep and sleep disorders. 390 99

The objective of this study was to evaluate polysomnographic data, and especially the sudden onset of REM periods that occur after spontaneous awakenings during the night as characteristics of narcolepsy. We evaluated 148 consecutive patients with excessive daytime somnolence, except for those with sleep apnea. After clinical evaluation, all-night polysomnographic recording and multiple sleep latency test, 55 were diagnosed as narcoleptics and 93 were grouped as non-narcoleptics. The mean age of narcoleptics was 42.9 +/- 14.4 years old and the non-narcoleptics were 40.3 +/- 13.5 years old. Polysomnographic variables were compared between both samples using unpaired t test. Non-significant differences were found for: sex; total time in bed; total sleep time; time in stages 3, 4 and REM; number of arousals (less than 30 sec); number of body movements; REM density. The following significant differences were found: number of sleep onset REM periods during the night was higher for narcoleptics (p less than 0.001); total sleep time was lower for narcoleptics (p = 0.02); sleep latency was shorter for narcoleptics (p less than 0.001); REM latency to stage 1 was shorter for narcoleptics (p less than 0.001); time in stage 1 was higher for narcoleptics (p less than 0.001); time in stage 2 was lower for narcoleptics (p less than 0.001); number of full awakenings (greater than 30 sec) was higher for narcoleptics (p less than 0.001); number of awakenings longer than 5 minutes was higher for narcoleptics (p = 0.002). In conclusion, there were marked differences in the sleep architecture between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Narcolepsy and sudden onset of REM periods after nocturnal awakenings]. 409 34


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