Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rare presentation of an antrochoanal polyp is reported. A 14-year-old boy presented with obstructive sleep apnoea and subnormal growth velocity for height and weight over a 1-year period. Examination revealed a post-nasal mass which following removal was confirmed histopathologically as an antrochoanal polyp. Relief of the airway obstruction was promptly followed by catch-up growth and subsequent normal growth velocities. The possible mechanisms underlying the cachexia are explored including the possible association with the obstructive sleep apnoea.
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PMID:Antrochoanal polyp presenting with obstructive sleep apnoea and cachexia. 1096 89

Antrochoanal polyps are hyperplasias of the nasal mucosa, which have their origin in the maxillary sinus and extend through the nasal cavity and the choanae into the naso- and oropharynx. In children antrochoanal polyps represent one of the more frequent manifestations of paediatric nasal polyposis. Most studies on antrochoanal polyps in children report only on nasal obstruction, hyponasal speech and snoring, which are also encountered in the most common cause of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; i.e. adenoid or tonsillar hyperplasia. Only very few studies report on additional health hazards by antrochoanal polyps ranging from obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome to swallowing disorders and cachexia. We present the case of an 8 year old girl with a bicycle accident caused by excessive daytime sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome due to an extensive antrochoanal polyp. After a transnasal polypectomy and meatotomy type II the obstructive sleep apnoea and day time sleepiness resolved completely. Awareness of this additional health hazard is important and correct evaluation and timely diagnosis of a potential antrochoanal polyp is mandatory because minimally invasive rhinosurgery is highly curative in preventing further impending problems.
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PMID:Paediatric traffic accident and obstructive sleep apnoea by antrochoanal polyps: case report and literature review. 2187 47

Cardiac cachexia and alterations in muscle metabolism are a co-morbidity that can develop in advanced stages of chronic heart failure (HF). Up to 15% of ambulatory patients with HF are affected and present with a loss of different tissue types including muscle mass. Whilst cardiac cachexia has long been a neglected clinical entity, current HF guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) include a section on weight management in patients with HF at risk of cardiac cachexia. This article highlights some recent studies of metabolic and functional alterations of the muscle in HF that were presented at the annual meeting of the ESC in August 2012 in Munich, Germany. The studies presented were focused on dysfunction of respiratory and limb skeletal musculature as well as metabolic features of myocardium in HF. Strategies improving muscle function and peak oxygen consumption in HF such as (inspiratory) muscle training and treatment of central sleep apnea by adaptive servoventilation are described. The latter shows promising results regarding HF symptoms and exercise capacity but still has to prove survival benefits in larger trials. A rat model highlights the value of microRNAs to regulate exercise-induced skeletal muscle angiogenesis. Another study provides evidence for changes in substrate utilisation depending on the functional status of mitochondria in the failing heart and points to mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential mediator of metabolic remodelling. Though treatments remain to be established, these findings may pave the way for effective therapeutic approaches to altered muscle function and cardiac cachexia.
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PMID:Muscle in heart disease: highlights from the European Society of Cardiology's Annual Meeting 2012. 2312 13

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of aging in combination with genetic, environmental, and behavioral risk factors. Aging and many of these risk factors are shared with other diseases, and, as a result, it is not surprising that patients with COPD often have coexistent diseases. This review of COPD comorbidities uses a framework in which coexistent diseases are considered important comorbidities if they are more frequent, have more severe consequences, influence the progression and outcomes of COPD, or are clustered together into proposed phenotypes, supplemented by a framework in which certain comorbidities are expected to share specific pathogenic mechanisms. This review explores classic COPD comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, cachexia and sleep apnea, but also looks at more recently described comorbidities, such as gastroesophageal reflux, osteoporosis and depression/anxiety.
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PMID:Defining COPD-Related Comorbidities, 2004-2014. 2884 11