Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Look Action for Health in Diabetes AHEAD Study was designed as a long-term randomized controlled clinical trial and powered to detect differences in cardiovascular outcomes, the primary cause of early morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes, among subjects randomized to receive an intensive lifestyle intervention or a control group of diabetes support and education. The study was terminated early due to the absence of any difference in the primary outcome, defined as a composite of the first postrandomization occurrence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke, or angina requiring hospitalization. However, important secondary favorable outcomes were observed in those receiving the intensive lifestyle intervention. This included more weight loss, greater fitness, less disability, less depression, reductions in sleep apnea and urinary incontinence, better glycemic control, and more subjects experiencing diabetes remission. These results underscore the importance of lifestyle interventions as a component of diabetes therapy. Long-term follow-up of Look AHEAD participants is planned, despite discontinuation of the intensive lifestyle program.
...
PMID:Lessons from the look action for health in diabetes study. 2491 Aug 28

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep with resultant hypoxia-reoxygenation and sleep fragmentation, is prevalent among patients with cardiovascular disease. Refractory hypertension, nocturnal angina or arrhythmias, and stroke in particular should prompt consideration of OSA. The symptoms of OSA include snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness; risk factors include obesity and reduced upper airway dimensions. Up to 50% of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) may manifest OSA, central sleep apnea-Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSA-CSR), or both. Patients with CSA-CSR may present with fatigue, disrupted sleep, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Objective sleep recording is required to document the nature and severity of sleep apnea. The gold standard is in-laboratory overnight polysomnography (PSG), including monitoring of electroencephalography and other signals to determine sleep-wake state, and recording of body position, airflow, respiratory effort, and pulse oximetry. Portable cardiorespiratory recorders are now approved for diagnosis in patients without comorbidities. Full PSG is recommended for diagnosis in all other cases, although OSA and CSA-CSR can be identified from portable recorders in some patients with CHF and other conditions. The objectives of treatment are to improve symptoms, quality of life, and cardiovascular outcomes. The mainstay of treatment for moderate-to-severe OSA is positive airway pressure (PAP). Automated PAP devices may be used in uncomplicated OSA, whereas continuous fixed PAP is the treatment of choice for other patients with OSA, and may also treat a proportion of patients with CSA-CSR. A form of bi-level PAP known as adaptive servoventilation is effective in treating a majority of patients with CSA-CSR.
...
PMID:When to Suspect Sleep Apnea and What to Do About It. 2611 5

For several decades, treating patients with pacemakers has been the privilege of cardiologists. However, in the last 30 years, researchers have found new targets for electrical stimulation in different clinical subspecialities, such as deep brain stimulation (for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and some psychiatric illnesses); spinal cord stimulation (for refractory angina, chronic pain, and peripheral artery disease); and sacral (for diverse urologic and proctologic conditions), vagal (for epilepsy), and phrenic nerve stimulation (for sleep apnoea). The purpose of this article is to familiarize cardiologists with these 'extra-cardiac pacemakers' and to discuss potential issues that must be addressed when these patients undergo cardiac procedures.
...
PMID:Extra-cardiac stimulators: what do cardiologists need to know? 2723 70

Endothelin-1, (ET-1, EDN1) is an endogenous polypeptide which demonstrates dominant vasoconstriction activity and mitogenic effect. It has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart, stimulates the sympathetic and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems and modifies homeostasis. The human ET-1 gene which consists of 6836 nucleotides located on chromosome 6p23-p24 produces Pre-pro-ET-1, which is consequently cleaved to big-ET-1. The mature 21-amino acid ET-1 is generated by subsequent enzymatic cleavage of the big-ET-1. A comprehensive review of the literature on the consequences of different ET-1 gene variants on ET-1 linked diseases has not been accomplished. Many variants of ET-1 gene, including transversion, transition, insertion, and repeated nucleotide polymorphisms, which influence the hereditary risk of cardiovascular and other related diseases have already been located, genotyped, and examined. Among them ten polymorphisms including transversion; -1370 (T-1370G) (rs1800541), +5665 (Lys198Asn) (rs5370), G2288T polymorphisms (rs2070699), and -974 C<A (rs3087459) polymorphism, transition; +3660 (Glu106Glu) (rs5369), G(8002)A (rs2071942), rs1476046 polymorphism , rs2071943 polymorphism, and rs9296345 polymorphism, and insertion/delete; +138 (+138/ex1ins/delA) (rs1800997) were studied and phenotyped extensively. Some significant associations with many different diseases (phenotypes) especially those related to cardiovascular system diseases such as hypertension, ischemic diseases, angina, and acute coronary syndrome have been described in the literature. Some are associated with other diseases such as asthma, pulmonary edema, hearing impairment, obesity and sleep apnea. Moreover, some are modifying the course and adverse effects of several drugs. Many of these polymorphisms were studied, thus some inner complex association manner was also described.
 ...
PMID:Polymorphism in Endothelin-1 Gene: An Overview. 2739 91


<< Previous 1 2 3