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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-eight workers, drawn from a population of 1502 presumably healthy working men who were interviewed about sleep habits and sleep disorders, underwent polygraphic recordings for at least 1 night. A significant association was found between the complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness and the incidence of sleep apnea. Workers with more than 10 apneas per hour of sleep complained significantly more about loud snoring, hypermotility in sleep, and frequent headaches. They had significantly more ENT findings and hypertension.
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PMID:Incidence of sleep apnea in a presumably healthy working population: a significant relationship with excessive daytime sleepiness. 666 93

Patients should be aware of alterations in sleep with age, and they should not have unrealistic expectations. Drinking or taking sleeping pills is not likely to be a long-term solution to a sleep problem. Chronic difficulty in sleeping raises the possibility of sleep apnea, nocturnal myoclonus or depression, all of which commonly appear after 40. In the absence of these and other, less common disorders, sleep can often be improved by exercise, regular habits and removal of any disturbing elements from the bedroom.
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PMID:Sleep after forty. 669 39

Most violence connected with sleep disorder is assumed to be related to sleep walking. It is less well known that other sleep disorders can also give rise to violence. The role of narcolepsy in car accidents is mentioned. Sleep drunkenness can lead to confusion resulting in violent behaviour especially on forced awakening. This condition is associated to sleep apnea. Primary or central sleep apnea is caused by disorders of the brain stem affecting the respiratory center. Secondary or upper airway sleep apnea can be caused by virtually any condition that results in cessation of the air flow due to occlusion of the upper airway. The author describes one patient who engaged in assaultive behaviour on forced awakening following earlier alcohol consumption. The pathomechanism of violent behaviour generated by a combination of sleep apnea and respiratory pathology is described. The differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment is outlined. The use of polysomnography in diagnosis and the potentially dangerous effects of drugs with respiratory depressing effects is highlighted.
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PMID:Sleep and violence. 672 4

In treating the symptomatology of patients who are chronically ill, it is likely that the physician will encounter a significant number of patients who have sleep disorders. This article has described an approach for the assessment, differential diagnosis, and clinical management of the most prevalent sleep disorders, which are often chronic in nature and have significant psychosocial or medical consequences for the patient and his or her family. We have emphasized the importance for the physician to complement his general medical and diagnostic skills by taking a careful sleep history from the patient (and, in some instances from the bed partner or caretakers). There is no justification for the physician to routinely request costly sleep laboratory hypnopolygraphic evaluations to screen patients with sleep disorders. However, in those instances where the sleep history is highly suggestive of sleep apnea, a sleep laboratory evaluation is indicated. By incorporating the use of the sleep history in the general evaluation of patients with sleep disorders, the physician is better able to develop rational pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches to managing these patients, including the judicious use of medication as an adjunctive treatment.
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PMID:Insomnia and other sleep disorders. 675 3

Sleep disorders are difficult to distinguish from changes in sleep typically occurring after age 60. Sleep laboratory evaluation is needed to differentiate normal sleep alterations from the similar but more severe symptoms of depression or organic brain syndrome, and to detect sleep apnea, the most common sleep disorder found in geriatric patients. This disorder may be fatal, especially if a hypnotic drug is prescribed. Since biologic rhythms are easily disturbed in the elderly, education about sleep habits may be the most helpful therapy.
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PMID:Sleep disorders in the elderly. 682 85

The daytime polysomnogram was used to evaluate 310 consecutive patients with suspected sleep disorders, referred mainly because of excessive daytime sleepiness. Abnormalities consistent with pathologic sleep apnoea were present in 102 cases, and with narcolepsy-cataplexy in 49 cases. The daytime polysomnogram is a readily accessible, accurate, and cost-effective method for diagnosing many sleep disorders.
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PMID:Daytime polysomnogram diagnosis of sleep disorders. 684 20

We present a case of severe breathing abnormality during sleep in a young man who had had poliomyelitis 20 yr before. His sleep disorder led to respiratory failure and cor pulmonale, which were greatly improved by oxygen therapy. A study of this case and those previously described supports the notion that brainstem damage during acute poliomyelitis is important in the later appearance of sleep-disordered breathing. In addition, such patients usually have mechanical abnormalities involving the thoracic cage and respiratory muscles. These ventilatory restrictions amplify the pathophysiologic effects of abnormal central nervous system control of breathing during sleep, and we suggest that their presence has a key role in the development of sleep apnea syndrome in these patients.
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PMID:Sleep apnea syndrome after poliomyelitis. 684 37

We have attempted to review the current "state of the art" regarding the ontogenetic course of sleep-wake state organization and possible disruptions in this course from infancy through adolescence. It is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to learn about physiologic functioning during sleep. Much more research is required, directed at the relationship between waking behaviors and sleeping behaviors. Investigations of daytime sleepiness in adolescence, of the relationship of hyperactivity to excessive sleepiness, of the relationship between disorders such as depression and anorexia nervosa with disturbed sleep state organization, and of primary sleep disorders such as narcolepsy and the sleep apnea syndrome only scratch the surface in terms of the future work that needs to be done.
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PMID:Sleep and sleepiness in children and adolescents. 699 Mar 63

A prospective epidemiological investigation of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was carried out in an unselected inpatient population admitted to a general hospital during a 1-year period. The study comprised 2518 patients, 1347 female and 1171 male, aged 6-92 years (mean, 55.2). On the basis of histories and clinical and polysomnographic data, EDS was found in 28 cases (1.11%). Of these, 25 (0.99%; 18 female and 7 male; mean age, 61.3) had sleep apnea syndromes (SAS) with predominantly obstructive apnea. Two patients (0.07%; one female and one male; mean age, 65.5) had idiopathic CNS hypersomnia, and one male patient (0.03%) aged 48 years had a combination of narcolepsy and SAS. Differences and agreements of our findings with previous literature data are discussed. The present study shows that in an unselected inpatient population, EDS is a relatively common sleep disorder, usually found in mild to moderate forms. Because it is not severe, it disturbs only relatively domestic activities of elderly retired patients or others who do not work outside the home, and is often masked by other troubles. For these reasons, EDS in the aging population may pass unnoticed in epidemiological studies based only on data from sleep disorder centers.
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PMID:Excessive daytime sleepiness: a 1-year study in an unselected inpatient population. 713 30

Twenty-five children, age range 2 to 14 years (mean age = 7), were referred to the Stanford University Sleep Disorders Clinic for various clinical symptoms, including excessive daytime somnolence, heavy nocturnal snoring, and abnormal daytime behavior. All children (10 girls and 15 boys) were polygraphically monitored during sleep. No sleep apnea syndrome or oxygen desaturation was revealed. However, each child presented significant respiratory resistive load during sleep associated with electrocardiographic R-R interval and endoesophageal pressure swings. The most laborious breathing occurred during REM sleep. Second degree atrioventricular blocks were also noted. Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy was performed in every case and resulted in a complete disappearance or substantial amelioration of the reported symptoms. Objective evaluation by Multiple Sleep Latency Test and Wilkinson Addition Test confirmed the beneficial effect of surgery.
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PMID:Children and nocturnal snoring: evaluation of the effects of sleep related respiratory resistive load and daytime functioning. 716 Apr 5


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