Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifty male subjects were group-matched for age and socioeconomic status. Twenty of the subjects were diagnosed as having sleep apnea and 20 were diagnosed as having narcolepsy on the basis of sleep studies. The remaining 10 subjects served as normal controls. Differences among the groups were evaluated on the bases of two psychological instruments designed to assess personality characteristics and mood states. The findings suggest that narcoleptics and apneics both present discriminatively different psychological profiles than do normals. Moreover, personality characteristics of these two groups are distinguishable from one another. Apneics tend to be individuals with hypochondriacal and hysterical characteristics, whereas narcoleptics are more easily characterized by anxiety and social introversion. Both severity of psychological disturbance (mean Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory elevations) and personality pattern (two-point codes) distinguish the groups. Key Words: Sleep apnea-Narcolepsy-Psychological profiles.
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PMID:Differentiating psychological characteristics of patients with sleep apnea and narcolepsy. 723 70

The MMPI performance of two sub-groups of chronic insomniac patients was compared to determine if patients with psychologically based insomnia (Group 1) differed from those with medically based insomnia (Group 2). This was done to establish whether etiology of insomnia had an impact on the psychological picture. We postulated that Group 1 would show a higher overall incidence of psychopathology, particularly on scales suggesting internalization of distress. Surprisingly, the results revealed no significant differences between the groups with respect to these questions. When the two diagnostic groups were combined, the sample as a whole was characterized by a high overall prevalence of psychopathology. As many as 79.3% of the MMPI records contained one or more clinical scales in the pathological range. Depression was a prominent feature. Our findings emphasize the importance of not assuming that a patient with an organically-based insomnia (e.g. due to sleep apnea, etc.) is free of psychological disturbance. This, in turn, underscores the need for a psychological evaluation as a routine part of the diagnostic work-up of all insomniac patients, regardless of the etiology of their disorder.
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PMID:Comparison of MMPI profiles in medically and psychologically based insomnias. 917 76

Without specific etiology or effective treatment, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains a contentious diagnosis. Individuals with CFS complain of fatigue and poor sleep--symptoms that are often attributed to psychological disturbance. To assess the nature and prevalence of sleep disturbance in CFS and to investigate the widely presumed presence of psychological maladjustment we examined sleep quality, sleep disorders, physical health, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and psychological adjustment in three samples. individuals with CFS; a healthy control group; and individuals with a definite medical diagnosis: narcolepsy. Outcome measures included physiological evaluation (polysomnography), medical diagnosis, structured interview, and self-report measures. Results indicate that the CFS sample had a very high incidence (58%) of previously undiagnosed primary sleep disorder such as sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome and restless legs/periodic limb movement disorder. They also had very high rates of self-reported insomnia and nonrestorative sleep. Narcolepsy and CFS participants were very similar on psychological adjustment: both these groups had more psychological maladjustment than did control group participants. Our data suggest that primary sleep disorders in individuals with CFS are underdiagnosed in primary care settings and that the psychological disturbances seen in CFS may well be the result of living with a chronic illness that is poorly recognized or understood.
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PMID:Sleep quality and psychological adjustment in chronic fatigue syndrome. 1566 45