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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epidemiological studies indicate that sleep disturbances in general population are highly frequent. It is estimated that approximately 40 million people in the USA has some kind of problem with sleep. The most frequent sleep complaint is insomnia whose prevalence is around 50% some time in the life. Only a small part of this population refer their sleep problems to the medical doctor with the consequence that only a minority is adequately diagnosed and treated. Sleep problems may appear at any age, and the epidemiological studies indicate the increase of specific prevalence with advancing age, with a special increase in the adults. It is estimated that the prevalence of sleep problems in childhood and adolescence is present in 25-40%. Some of the problems are more frequent in the female population, although not as a rule. The best example for this is the observed prevalence of sleep apnea which is present in 24% of male and only 9% of female population. Sleep problems are often associated with other diseases such as psychiatric or kidney diseases (patients on hemodialysis). However, their frequency may increase in physiologic conditions such as pregnancy. Overall characteristic of sleep diseases is that they may compromise daily functioning by causing deficits in memory, decrease in concentration, depressive mood, irritability, decreased libido or erectile dysfunction, having as a consequence decrease in the quality of life.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of sleep disturbances]. 1806 51

Studies indicate that sleep problems in children and adolescents are highly prevalent, with prevalence rates ranging from 25% to 40%. They are even more common in special populations, especially children with psychiatric issues. Furthermore, sleep issues are often persistent. Unfortunately, sleep disturbances often do not receive the attention that they deserve, especially since they are often highly amenable to intervention. Sleep problems, in general, range from those that are physiologically-based, such as obstructive sleep apnoea and restless legs syndrome, to those that are behaviorally-based. The behaviourally-based sleep disorders are reviewed, including a discussion of assessment, prevalence and treatment. Non-pharmacologic approaches are usually the preferred treatment and have received the most empirical support in paediatric populations. It is strongly recommended that all paediatric healthcare providers consider sleep issues in their comprehensive assessment of all children and adolescents, especially those with psychiatric issues, and provide preventive education as part of their usual standard of care.
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PMID:Behavioural sleep disorders in children and adolescents. 1879 69

We assessed 513 children (2-6 y = 252; 7-12 y = 261) who visited the pediatric outpatient of a rural medical college hospital, for sleep problems using BEARS tool. Sleep problems detected in the BEARS domains for preschool (2-6 years, n=252) and school children (7-12 years, n=261) were as follows: bedtime problems (33.3%vs 14.9% P< 0.001), excessive daytime sleepiness (32.5%vs 1.9% P<0.001), awakening during night (25%vs 11.87% P< 0.001), regularity and duration of sleep (19.84% vs 4.98% P< 0.001), and sleep disordered breathing (4.8% vs 5% , P=0.1). We conclude that sleep problems are common among rural Indian children and should be routinely screened for during health visits.
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PMID:Sleep problems in preschool and school aged rural Indian children. 2116 52

Sleep problems have been reported as an adverse effect of statins. In a randomised trial, simvastatin at 20 mg produced significantly worse sleep quality than either placebo or pravastatin 40 mg. A possible relation to sleep apnoea was hypothesised. Here, the case of a 67-year-old man who experienced sleep apnoea on simvastatin 20 mg is presented. Objective nightly testing showed a prompt, marked, sustained and statistically significant improvement in the obstructive apnoea index when the patient switched to pravastatin 20 mg.
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PMID:Improvement in sleep apnoea associated with switch from simvastatin to pravastatin. 2188 57

Existing research has demonstrated associations between sleep duration and obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality. Sleep disorders research has shown that sleep apnoea, insomnia and other sleep disorders confer risk for cardiometabolic disease, particularly in the presence of reduced sleep duration. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between general sleep disturbance, operationalized as 'difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much' as measured in a large, nationally representative sample, and self-reported history of myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery disease, diabetes and obesity. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analysed. Complete data were available for 138,201 individuals. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis examined associations before and after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, medical and psychological factors. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and health risk factors, sleep duration was associated with obesity [odds ratio (OR)=1.18, P<0.0005), diabetes (OR=1.18, P<0.005), myocardial infarction (OR=1.36, P<0.0005), stroke (OR=1.22, P<0.05) and coronary artery disease (OR=1.59, P<0.0005). In fully adjusted models that included physical health, significant relationships remained for obesity (OR=1.14, P<0.0005), myocardial infarction (OR=1.23, P<0.005) and coronary artery disease (OR=1.43, P<0.0005). Sleep disturbance is a significant risk factor for obesity, diabetes, myocardial infarction, stroke and coronary artery disease, and effects for obesity, myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease are the most robust after adjustment. This study demonstrates that sleep disturbance is a novel risk factor that is potentially modifiable. Future research should determine whether sleep intervention could reduce the cardiometabolic consequences of sleep disturbance.
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PMID:Sleep disturbance is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. 2277 77

Sleep difficulties are frequent among stroke patients. Sleep and stroke can be related in several ways: sleep disturbances such as insomnia and hypersomnia can be triggered by stroke; sleep-related breathing disorders such as snoring and sleep apnea are well-recognized risk factors of ischemic stroke; finally, sleep disorders can be aggravated by stroke. Sleep problems are associated with all stroke types and worsened stroke outcome. Post-stroke sleep disturbances may be a direct consequence of lesions caused by stroke or may be secondary to pain, disability and mood disorders due to stroke. Clinicians need to thoroughly investigate for the presence of sleep disorders in rehabilitating stroke patients.
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PMID:Sleep changes. 2237 59

Sleep disturbance is a common problem in general adult population. Recent evidence suggests the link between the occurrence of cardiovascular events and several sleep disturbances including sleep apnea syndrome, insomnia and periodic limb movements during sleep. Sleep duration may affect the cardiovascular outcome. Shift work also may increase the risk of ischemic heart disease. Normalization of sleep rhythm has a potential to be a therapeutic target of ischemic heart diseases, although further study is required to evaluate the preventive effect on cardiovascular events. Here we describe the current understandings regarding the roles of sleep disorders during the pathogenesis of cardiovascular events.
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PMID:[Sleep rhythm and cardiovascular diseases]. 2284 4

Sleep problems are common concerns in rheumatology patients and have been independently linked to increased pain perception and fatigue severity. Evidence supports an increased prevalence of primary sleep disorders, including sleep apnoea, in some rheumatic disease populations, particularly RA. Obstructive sleep apnoea is a significant public health concern and contributes to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea have also been found to have elevations in circulating acute-phase markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Co-existence of sleep apnoea in rheumatic disease patients may influence the severity of reported symptoms of pain and fatigue, accelerate the risk of cardiovascular events and possibly influence levels of circulating inflammatory markers and mediators. In this article we review the risk factors, prevalence and impact of sleep apnoea from a rheumatological perspective. Additionally, we recommend considering sleep apnoea screening in patients with rheumatic disease and, when appropriate, referral to a specialized sleep disorders clinic.
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PMID:Obstructive sleep apnoea in relation to rheumatic disease. 2348 41

Irrespective of diagnosis, chronic daily, morning, or "awakening" headache patterns are soft signs of a sleep disorder. Sleep apnea headache may emerge de novo or may present as an exacerbation of cluster, migraine, tension-type, or other headache. Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in chronic migraine and tension-type headache, and increases risk for depression and anxiety. Sleep disturbance (e.g., sleep loss, oversleeping, schedule shift) is an acute headache trigger for migraine and tension-type headache. Snoring and sleep disturbance are independent risk factors for progression from episodic to chronic headache.
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PMID:Sleep-related headaches. 2309 38

Sleep disturbance is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Insomnia, fatigue, and sleepiness are the most frequent post-TBI sleep complaints with narcolepsy (with or without cataplexy), sleep apnea (obstructive or central), periodic limb movement disorder, and parasomnias occurring less commonly. In addition, depression, anxiety, and pain are common TBI comorbidities with substantial influence on sleep quality. Diagnosis of sleep disorders after TBI may involve polysomnography, multiple sleep latency testing, or actigraphy. Treatment is disorder-specific and includes the use of medications, continuous positive airway pressure, or behavioral modifications. Unfortunately, treatment of sleep disorders associated with TBI often does not improve sleepiness or neuropsychologic function.
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PMID:Traumatic brain injury and sleep disorders. 2309 39


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