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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors give an account of the causes of the sleep apnea syndrome in children (SAS). SAS, unless eliminated in time, may cause serious functional and organic disorders in the cardiopulmonary and central nervous system due to repeatedly occurring hypoxia for prolonged periods. The authors discuss therapeutic methods used for elimination of airway obstruction from which the children suffer during sleep. The authors' solution of SAS is a simple apparatus (registered as an invention), inserted into the child's mouth through which the child breathes during sleep.
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PMID:[The sleep apnea syndrome in children]. 275 76

Besides sleep apnea, the main disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness include narcolepsy and hypersomnia. Narcolepsy is characterized by periods of irresistible sleepiness and sleep attacks of brief duration and, most often, by one or more of the auxiliary symptoms: cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnogogic hallucinations. Generally, sleepiness and sleep attacks in hypersomnia are of longer duration and are more resistible than in narcolepsy; also, the auxiliary symptoms are absent. There are three types of hypersomnia: idiopathic, secondary, and periodic. Nocturnal sleep is typically disrupted in narcolepsy, whereas in idiopathic hypersomnia it is prolonged and in secondary hypersomnia it is variable. The exact causes of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are unknown; however, there is evidence for genetic predisposition for either disorder. In secondary hypersomnia causative factors include: neurologic, such as head injuries, cerebrovascular insufficiency, and brain tumors; general medical, such as metabolic disorders, various intoxications, and conditions leading to brain hypoxia; and psychiatric, most notably depression. Although the cause of periodic hypersomnia is unclear, most research supports the notion of underlying organic disease. Often, the evaluation of patients with excessive daytime sleepiness can be completed in the office setting, based on the sleep history and a thorough neurologic, general medical, and psychiatric assessment. Whenever indicated, ancillary laboratory studies, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance scans, should be performed. Sleep laboratory recordings generally are not necessary unless there is suspicion of sleep apnea or narcolepsy in the absence of auxiliary symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Disorders of excessive sleepiness: narcolepsy and hypersomnia. 333 60

Insomnia dominates the sleep disorders of the elderly. Sleep apnea, the restless legs syndrome and nocturnal agitation represent other facets. After eliminating the possibility of painful or degenerative organic disease, iatrogenic cause and mode of life, other symptoms should be sought, namely mental and personality-related. Investigation requires polysomnogram recording, supported by careful history-taking, including objective and subjective factors. Treatment includes notions of diet, biological rhythm and desynchronisation. It should take into consideration the deleterious effects of prolonged use of certain psychotherapeutic agents.
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PMID:[Sleep disorders in the elderly]. 793 8

Sleep problems are common in individuals with tinnitus but it is not known if they can be seen as a reaction to the acoustic percept of tinnitus disturbing normal sleep, or if there are common causes. Sleep problems further impair the quality of life of individuals with tinnitus and the impairment correlates with the severity of the tinnitus. However the nature of the relationship between tinnitus and disturbed sleep in individuals with tinnitus is not clearly understood. Preliminary studies suggest that chronically disturbed sleep (insomnia) in individuals with tinnitus that is not caused by organic disorders exists unrelated to the tinnitus. We studied the relationship between tinnitus and insomnia in a retrospective sleep study of 13 hospitalized patients with insomnia and tinnitus. Patients with sleep apnea, periodic leg movements, or a severe psychiatric disorder were excluded. We collected physiologic sleep measures (EEG, EOG, EMG, and respiration) and subjective sleep information from a morning protocol during two nights. We also obtained information about performance in sustained attention tasks and the scores of self-rated depression scale and self-rated daytime-tiredness scale. Thirteen age- and sex-matched inpatients with primary insomnia who did not have tinnitus served as controls. There were no significant differences between the physiologic data obtained in patients with tinnitus and in the controls. Both groups had low sleep efficiency but the patients with both insomnia and tinnitus had longer subjective sleep latencies than insomnia patients without tinnitus (controls). No differences were found in sustained attention tasks, subjective daytime tiredness, and depression rating scores between the two groups. Similarities between the results from these two groups suggest that sleep specific psychotherapeutic methods, which are established for treating insomnia, should be further developed for the use in patients with insomnia and tinnitus.
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PMID:Tinnitus and insomnia. 1795 87

The available information indicates that up to one third of the road traffic accidents are produced by the driver's sleepiness. Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is an organic disease that causes sleepiness. It can be diagnosed by a sleep register and can be controlled by different therapeutic means, varying their complexity according to its severity, which determines the final cost of the management of SAHS. In patients using the therapy thoroughly, the results are very good and achieve to control the sleepiness, improve the quality of life of the affected subject, protect his health and markedly decrease the risk of accidents due to sleepiness during driving. We put into consideration of the respective authorities the application of these tests in drivers suspected of having SAHS who renew their driving licenses type A-II and A-III.
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PMID:[Sleep monitoring in bus and truck drivers: relevant factor to consider for the renewal of the driving license]. 2107 80

The aim of this article is to point to correlation between vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that has not been perceived sufficiently till now. Namely, in the voluminous literature about sleep-disordered breathing, VBI has been cited only as one of the possible causes of central and mixed sleep apnea. However, according to our clinical observation, VBI could be one of the most important factors in etiopathogenesis of OSA. Results of recent research, which confirm the correlation between VBI and OSA, contribute to our hypothesis. High prevalence and pathogenesis of OSA in patients with VBI can be explained by hypoxia of the medulla oblongata during sleep (sleep+positional VBI --> hypoxia of the medulla oblongata --> hypoxia of the respiratory centre which regulates breathing function+hypoxia of the motor nuclei of the IX, X and XII cranial nerves whose neurons regulate the tone in upper airway muscles (IX, X) and tongue (XII) --> OSA). The development of OSA in certain patients with VBI is probably in close correlation with the degree of hypoxia of the medulla oblongata during sleep (moderate VBI --> OSA; severe VBI --> central or mixed sleep apnea). Considering the fact that VBI of vascular and/or compressive etiology can be the primary cause of OSA, the Doppler sonography examination ofVB system (VBS) with the positional functional tests should be included in the diagnostic algorithm for OSA. Since the functional and organic disorders of cervical spine can either cause circulation disturbances in VBS or aggravate insufficient circulation, especially during sleep in certain head and neck positions, detailed examination of cervical spine including physiatric examination, manual functional examination and radiological examination, should become a part of the routine examination in patients with either suspected or confirmed OSA. Circulation in VBS can be improved or normalized by an appropriate therapy for vascular disorders (for example, stenting of vertebral artery), and the compressive effect of cervical spine disorders on circulation in VBS can be reduced or eliminated by an appropriate therapy of cervical spine disorders (for example, manual therapy, physical therapy, kinesitherapy, surgery etc.). OSA symptoms can be significantly reduced or completely cease after an improvement or normalization of circulation in VBS.
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PMID:[Vertebrobasilar insufficiency and obstructive sleep apnea]. 2188 89