Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a common problem after cleft palate repair; secondary surgery may be needed to treat this condition. Pharyngeal flap is usually selected for cases with sagittal closure pattern, and sphincter pharyngoplasty is used for cases with coronal closure pattern, whereas cases with circular closure pattern may be puzzling. The objective of this prospective study was to assess the efficacy of tailoring the surgical technique to the preoperative velopharyngeal closure (VPC) pattern and to determine the success of sphincter pharyngoplasty for cases with circular closure pattern.This study was conducted on 48 patients, who presented with postpalatoplasty VPI; the cases were classified into 3 groups according to the VPC: group A of coronal VPC was treated with sphincter pharyngoplasty, group B of sagittal VPC was treated with pharyngeal flap, and group C that exhibited circular VPC was treated with sphincter pharyngoplasty. Speech analysis, nasalance score, and nasopharyngoscopic data were recorded preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Also, snoring and sleep apnea were assessed.There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the speech, nasometric, and nasopharyngoscopic data. Although snoring was significantly higher after pharyngeal flap, there was no significant difference regarding apnea.Selection of the surgical procedure depending on the type of preoperative VPC pattern for treatment of postpalatoplasty VPI is an appropriate method. In case of circular closure pattern, sphincter pharyngoplasty is the operation of choice as it has a lower incidence of postoperative snoring than pharyngeal flap.
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PMID:Treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency after cleft palate repair depending on the velopharyngeal closure pattern. 2155 43

Velopharyngeal insufficiency is a common problem in the cleft palate population that may require a pharyngeal flap. Sleep disordered breathing is a common complication of this surgery and a baseline sleep study is often performed before undergoing the procedure. Few postoperative sleep studies are ever done and little is known about the effects that pharyngeal flaps have on airflow dynamics.Preoperative and postoperative nasometry and polysomnographic data were reviewed and compared from nonsyndromic children requiring pharyngeal flap since 2009. Eighteen children having undergone pharyngeal flap were identified. Of those 18, Nadir oxygen saturations were worsened in 10, improved in 7, and remained the same in 1. Snoring was caused or made worse in 8. Sleep efficiency was worse in 11, improved in 6, and remained the same in 1. Apnea/hypopnea events increased in 9 and decreased in the other 9. Hypernasality was improved in varying degrees in 17 patients, but all required additional speech therapy. Diagnosed preoperative sleep apnea remained in 1 patient. No patient's postpharyngeal flap had any significant sleep disturbance that would warrant continuous positive airway pressure. No flaps required division or takedown.This preliminary study suggests that pharyngeal flaps may increase snoring and apnea/hypopnea events without causing diagnosable sleep disordered breathing and the resultant clinical sequelae. Nasometry shows evidence of nasal airway diversion without complete obstruction. Speech improves more subjectively than nasometry would predict after pharyngeal flap.
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PMID:Changes in airflow dynamics after creation of pharyngeal flaps in nonsyndromic children. 2354 57