Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a method of evaluating sleep apnea by equipment available and easily assembled in the majority of community hospitals. Two cases fully studied by this method are presented.
 ...
PMID:Sleep apnea syndrome. Practical diagnostic method. 42 32

Eight out of 12 unselected patients with Shy-Drager syndrome were found to have severe bilateral paresis of vocal cord abduction by fibre-optic laryngoscopy. This commonly presented as increased snoring followed by episodes of inspiratory and expiratory stridor and sometimes by sleep apnoea. Respiratory failure eventually developed in four cases and was reversed by tracheostomy. In another patient tracheostomy relieved severe attacks of sleep apnoea. This complication was not necessarily associated with advanced disease, and it should be considered in all patients with Shy-Drager syndrome as appropriate treatment can lead to a useful extension of life.
 ...
PMID:Vocal cord paralysis in the Shy-Drager syndrome. 42 62

The carotid bodies of four infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were compared, using electron microscopic techniques, with the carotid bodies of various control subjects. In the SIDS patients, there was a marked reduction or absence of the dense cytoplasmic granules of the carotid chemorecptor cells, as well as a reduction in cell number and size. These ultrastructural abnormalities may be pathophysiologically related to SIDS. A defect in this respiratory control organ could block normal stimulation of respiration during the periods of hypoxia that occur during episodes of sleep apnea in infancy. Further studies by electron microscopy are required to confirm degranulation of the carotid body as a pathognomonic sign of SIDS. Screening of high-risk infants should be directed at studying the carotid body and its mediated responses to hypoxia.
 ...
PMID:Ultrastructural abnormalities of the carotid body in sudden infant death syndrome. 44 Jul 89

A working protocol is presented which has developed to help the clinician in the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from the sleep apnea syndrome associated with various types of upper airway obstruction.
 ...
PMID:Sleep apnea syndrome associated with upper airway obstruction. 44 33

This study examines the relationships between neonatal sleep respiratory instability and infant development. A group of 122 full-term healthy infants was observed during a nap within the first and fourth weeks of life. During each nap, a continuous polygraphic recording was obtained of respiratory activity and extraocular movements. The relative frequency and average duration of apneic pauses (greater than or equal to 2 sec) in each testing session for an infant were employed to calculate a measure of respiratory instability (PSA4) previously found to be related to the occurrence of prolonged sleep apnea. 28 of the infants in this study were maintained at home on apnea monitors. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development were administered to each infant at approximately 9 months of age. Comparisons of infants with high versus low PSA4 values and of monitored versus unmonitored infants were not strongly distorted by imbalances in birth weight, sex, race, birth order, method of feeding, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) sibship, parental education, age at developmental assessment, and developmental tester. Those with increased respiratory instability (PSA4 greater than or equal to -0.04) within the first week of life averaged significantly lower in mental and psychomotor development. Utilization of home apnea monitors was not significantly associated with developmental scores.
 ...
PMID:Neonatal respiratory instability and infant development. 48 89

Beneficial effects have been attributed to Chlorimipramine in the treatment of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). However, there were no quantitative evaluations of these effects. Polygraphic studies were made before and after chlorimipramine treatment (75 mg per day for 3 to 16 months). The 3 SAS subjects, whose weight remained stable throughout the course of treatment, showed no evidence of reduced hypopnea and apnea during sleep.
 ...
PMID:[Sleep apnea synrome : effects of chlorimipramine in subjects with stable body weight (author's transl)]. 52 37

A sleep apnea syndrome due to upper airway obstruction was diagnosed in 25 adult men (25 to 65 years of age) using nocturnal polygraphic monitoring. Excessive daytime somnolence, hypnagogic hallucinations, and automatic behavior, personality changes with abnormal behavioral outbursts, impotence, morning headaches, abnormal motor activity during sleep, nocturnal enuresis, and high blood pressure should suggest this diagnosis when any of the symptoms are associated with loud snoring. Respiratory monitoring during sleep and nocturnal cardiovascular evaluation bring prognostic information and indications for therapy. Three types of therapeutic trials, namely, diet, medications with or without diet, and surgery have been performed. Only surgery has been beneficial in these cases.
 ...
PMID:Sleep apnea syndrome due to upper airway obstruction: a review of 25 cases. 55 14

Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PR) secretion were evaluated in 28 patients who had sleep apnea or narcolepsy but no other primary neurologic or endocrine disorders. Eighty-one percent of subjects with impaired alertness failed to demonstrate serum GH concentrations in excess of 5 ng per milliliter following oral administration of L-DOPA, 500 mg. Diminished GH responses to sleep and intravenous arginine were observed in 57 percent and 44 percent, respectively, of patients tested. Sleep-related PRL release was less than normal in women with narcolepsy, with or without sleep apnea. All patients had at least one abnormality in GH or PRL secretion.
 ...
PMID:Disordered growth hormone and prolactin secretion in primary disorders of sleep. 57 7

Fourteen patients with an average of more than 60 episodes of upper airway obstruction during night sleep were treated with a nonsedating tricyclic antidepressant, protriptyline. Frequency and duration of recorded apneas decreased in 11 cases, and satisfactory control of sleep apnea was maintained with medical therapy alone in 8 of these 11 patients for 7 to 15 months. Potential adverse effects of protriptyline, particularly on the cardiovascular system, limit its use in this illness. These results indicate the possibility of pharmacologic reversal of sleep-induced incoordination of the upper airway.
 ...
PMID:Sleep apnea: treatment with protriptyline. 57 9

The association of sleep apnea with daytime hypersomnolence without obesity, and its potentially lethal cardiopulmonary sequelae, make it crucial that this condition be distinguished from narcolepsy. A patient with retrognathia who had been diagnosed as a narcoleptic for 15 years had the primary complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep laboratory evaluation showed severe hypoxemia and a mean of 366 upper airway obstructions per night. The patient was treated with a tracheotomy; this resulted in relief of the sleep-related upper airway obstructions, hypoxemia, and hypersomnolence.
 ...
PMID:Retrognathia and sleep apnea. A life-threatening condition masquerading as narcolepsy. 57 59


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>