Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic congestive heart failure is a highly prevalent and progressive disorder associated with excess morbidity and mortality; it has huge economic impact. Left heart failure may be systolic or may occur as isolated diastolic dysfunction. The diastolic form predominates in older people. Sleep disorders are frequent in both types. Most systematic studies have been performed in patients with systolic heart failure. Prospective studies show the presence of obstructive and central sleep apnea, periodic limb movements, and significant alterations in sleep architecture, characterized by poor efficiency, excess stage 1 and arousals, and lack of deep sleep. Both obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea occur in patients with heart failure and have been shown to be associated with excess mortality. Obstructive sleep apnea is best treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices. Central sleep apnea is also best treated with CPAP, but only about 50% of the patients are considered responders. Survival improves when heart failure patients are effectively treated with CPAP for both central and obstructive sleep apnea. A new positive airway pressure device, a pressure support servo-ventilator, is the next best choice for heart failure patients whose central sleep apnea does not respond to CPAP. Nocturnal oxygen should be used for patients whose central sleep apnea does not respond to positive pressure devices. Both periodic limb movements and insomnia could have adverse hemodynamic consequences for the failing heart. There are no guidelines or long-term studies regarding treatment of these conditions in heart failure. For restless legs syndrome with or without periodic limb movements, pramipexole and ropinirole have been approved. Treatment of insomnia comorbid with heart failure depends on the cause. In the absence of any known cause, a trial of ramelteon is the first choice.
 ...
PMID:Sleep dysfunction in heart failure. 1878 5

Studies indicate that sleep problems in children and adolescents are highly prevalent, with prevalence rates ranging from 25% to 40%. They are even more common in special populations, especially children with psychiatric issues. Furthermore, sleep issues are often persistent. Unfortunately, sleep disturbances often do not receive the attention that they deserve, especially since they are often highly amenable to intervention. Sleep problems, in general, range from those that are physiologically-based, such as obstructive sleep apnoea and restless legs syndrome, to those that are behaviorally-based. The behaviourally-based sleep disorders are reviewed, including a discussion of assessment, prevalence and treatment. Non-pharmacologic approaches are usually the preferred treatment and have received the most empirical support in paediatric populations. It is strongly recommended that all paediatric healthcare providers consider sleep issues in their comprehensive assessment of all children and adolescents, especially those with psychiatric issues, and provide preventive education as part of their usual standard of care.
 ...
PMID:Behavioural sleep disorders in children and adolescents. 1879 69

Periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) are repetitive jerks of the lower limbs. Their occurrence can be isolated or part of various sleep disorders, such as restless legs syndrome (RLS), narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnoea. Dopamine agonists are very effective in suppressing PLMS in RLS from the first night of administration. PLMS are often associated with cortical and autonomic arousals and may contribute to sleep disruption. Herein, a case of association between PLMS, Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and severe insomnia is described. Repeated polysomnographic studies demonstrated a clear synchronisation between PLMS and hyperventilation episodes, and the complete recovery of CSR, sleep quality and PLMS during nocturnal ventilation. In the same patient, pharmacological treatment with a dopamine agonist was ineffective on both PLMS and CSR. These results suggest that periodic leg movements during sleep coupled with central breathing events, similar to those observed in conjunction with obstructive events, may have a different origin in terms of neurotransmitter and pathway implicated, compared with periodic leg movements during sleep in restless legs syndrome, and are resolved by treatment of the respiratory abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:Periodic leg movements in Cheyne-Stokes respiration. 1904 12

Poor sleep and sleep-related breathing disorders are common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but are often unrecognized and undertreated. Sleep disorders are known negative prognostic factors for morbidity and mortality. The most frequent sleep disorders seen in patients with ESRD are conditioned insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, obstructive or central sleep apnea (SA), as well as restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). Several uremic and nonuremic factors are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of sleep disorders in patients with ESRD. The therapy of sleeping disorders includes nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures that can improve the functionality and quality of life in patients with ESRD.
 ...
PMID:Sleep disorders in dialysis patients. 1908 93

Recent evidence has been accumulating that the sleep of individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not only disrupted in a nonspecific way but that ADHD has an increased association with simple sleep related movement disorders such as restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movements in sleep (RLS/PLMS), rhythmic movement disorder (body rocking and head banging), and parasomnias, such as disorders of partial arousal (sleep walking, sleep terrors, and confusional arousals). In addition increased associations have been reported between ADHD and hypersomnias such as narcolepsy and sleep apnea as well as circadian rhythm disorders, such as delayed sleep phase syndrome. These relationships are reviewed and the implications for such associations are explored. Patients with sleep disorders should be queried about the symptoms of ADHD and vice versa.
 ...
PMID:Review of the possible relationship and hypothetical links between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the simple sleep related movement disorders, parasomnias, hypersomnias, and circadian rhythm disorders. 1911 Aug 91

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new method, developed nearly 20 years ago, that allows the study of cortical excitability. The whole brain undergoes profound changes in sleep. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) have been used to trace the effects of sleep on cortical excitability and to the corticomotoneuron connections. Although in the past some technical aspects limited the application of TMS in sleep, recently we observed a new explosion of interest in this field. The main body of data was gathered on sleep physiology, but its diseases or syndromes were also studied in detail. Many single and paired pulse-TMS variables were applied. Moreover, TMS variables were investigated as a potential tool for the diagnosis or the differential diagnosis of sleep disorders. In the recent years, the advent of repetitive TMS offered some therapeutic perspectives, which are under current investigation in few of these disorders. Combining repetitive TMS with electroencephalogram (EEG) represents a new and probably useful approach to sleep. Among the main entities classified in the sleep disease group, the following were subject to TMS studies: obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), propriospinal myoclonus, restless legs syndrome (RLS) with periodic limb movement and narcolepsy. For each of these, we examine the applications of TMS separately.
 ...
PMID:Applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation in sleep medicine. 1911 29

Dreaming is defined as mental activity which occurs during sleep. This review will focus on sleep disorders which have been studied in relation to dreaming: insomnia, sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy, and the restless legs syndrome. Dream recall is heightened in patients with insomnia and their dreams reflect current stressors. Whereas breathing-related dreams in sleep apnea patients are rare, the deregulation of the REM sleep system in narcolepsy also manifests in dreams which are more bizarre and more negatively toned. Overall, the findings support the arousal-retrieval model of dream recall but also clearly indicate that other factors like cognitive impairment or micro-arousal might affect the dreaming process. The content analytic findings support the continuity hypothesis of dreaming which states that waking-life issues are reflected in dreams. The number of studies in this field is still very small, however, and further research is needed to confirm and expand the reviewed findings.
 ...
PMID:Dreams in patients with sleep disorders. 1914 78

Kidney transplantation provides the best outcome for patients with end-stage renal failure both in terms of morbidity and mortality and health-related quality of life (QoL). Health-related QoL has become recognized as an important outcome measure in patients with different chronic medical conditions, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are several factors in kidney-transplanted patients which have a negative impact on QoL in these patients. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia, sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), and restless legs syndrome (RLS), are common in kidney-transplanted patients and clearly belong to this group of factors, although there is only limited published data available about the association between sleep problems and QoL in this patient population. The prevalence of both insomnia and RLS is reduced in kidney-transplanted patients compared to dialysis patients, and it is similar to the prevalence observed in the general population. The prevalence of sleep apnea, however, is very high, around 30%. The association between the presence of these sleep disorders and impaired QoL has been relatively well documented in dialysis patients, but there is only scarce published information about this association in the kidney transplant population. In this paper, we will summarize data from the literature describing the impact of sleep problems, which are potentially treatable, on QoL in kidney-transplanted patients. We suggest that the appropriate diagnosis and management of sleep disorders may improve QoL in kidney-transplanted patients.
 ...
PMID:Sleep disorders and quality of life in renal transplant recipients. 1918 10

Common medical problems are often associated with abnormalities of sleep. Patients with chronic medical disorders often have fewer hours of sleep and less restorative sleep compared to healthy individuals, and this poor sleep may worsen the subjective symptoms of the disorder. Individuals with lung disease often have disturbed sleep related to oxygen desaturations, coughing, or dyspnea. Both obstructive lung disease and restrictive lung diseases are associated with poor quality sleep. Awakenings from sleep are common in untreated or undertreated asthma, and cause sleep disruption. Gastroesophageal reflux is a major cause of disrupted sleep due to awakenings from heartburn, dyspepsia, acid brash, coughing, or choking. Patients with chronic renal disease commonly have sleep complaints often due to insomnia, insufficient sleep, sleep apnea, or restless legs syndrome. Complaints related to sleep are very common in patients with fibromyalgia and other causes of chronic pain. Sleep disruption increases the sensation of pain and decreases quality of life. Patients with infectious diseases, including acute viral illnesses, HIV-related disease, and Lyme disease, may have significant problems with insomnia and hypersomnolence. Women with menopause have from insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome, or fibromyalgia. Patients with cancer or receiving cancer therapy are often bothered by insomnia or other sleep disturbances that affect quality of life and daytime energy. The objective of this article is to review frequently encountered medical conditions and examine their impact on sleep, and to review frequent sleep-related problems associated with these common medical conditions.
 ...
PMID:Sleep-related problems in common medical conditions. 1920 22

Pneumologists frequently see obese and diabetic patients because of the high prevalence of these pathologies associated with sleep apneas. Nevertheless, the search for a sleep apnea syndrome is sometimes negative and the pneumologist is faced with unexplained complaints of sleepiness and sleep disorders. Pneumologists have to be familiar with and explore other nonrespiratory disorders in order to improve patient care. Inflammatory mechanisms have been suspected in several recent studies on daytime sleepiness. Sleep duration, obesity and diabetes are supposed to be linked because of hormonal modifications induced by sleep deprivation. Moreover, a relationship between diabetes and restless legs syndrome is not excluded.
 ...
PMID:[Nonrespiratory sleep disorders in obese and diabetic patients]. 1937 45


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>