Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037315 (sleep apnea)
 8,000 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies have reported finding supply-dependent O2 uptake (VO2) in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, chronic obstructive lung disease, sleep apnea, and other cardiopulmonary diseases. A common element among these diverse conditions is the potential to reduce systemic O2 delivery (QO2 = cardiac output.arterial O2 content). The aim of the present study was to determine whether patients with aortic stenosis also exhibit increases in VO2 when O2 delivery is increased after valvuloplasty. Fifty-six patients were studied while breathing room air in the supine position. Expired gases for determination of O2 uptake (VO2 [measured]), cardiac output (thermodilution), arterial and mixed venous blood gases, and hemodynamic measurements were obtained immediately before and within 30 min after aortic valvuloplasty. After valvuloplasty, VO2 (measured) increased from 3.03 +/- 0.51 to 3.24 +/- 0.62 ml/min/kg (p < 0.0001). However, O2 extraction ratio did not change from baseline levels (32.16 +/- 10.1%) after valvuloplasty (32.21 +/- 8.25%, p = not significant). These results could have occurred only if O2 delivery had also increased. Accordingly, Fick-derived Q and corresponding QO2 (Fick) both increased significantly, suggesting the presence of O2 supply-dependent VO2. However, neither Q (thermodilution) nor QO2 (thermodilution) changed significantly, and regression of VO2 (measured) against QO2 (thermodilution) failed to detect a relationship. We conclude that patients with aortic stenosis exhibit increases in O2 delivery and uptake after valvuloplasty, although this may or may not reflect covert tissue hypoxia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oxygen delivery and uptake relationships in patients with aortic stenosis. 817 51

Quantitative chemical analysis of volatile constituents in exhaled gas can provide useful insights into biochemical processes in the body. Relations between the chemical composition of human exhaled air and inflammatory processes, states of high oxidative activity, inhalation or ingestion of various noxious substances as well as diseases like ARDS, pneumonia or sleep apnea have been described. Clinical interpretation of these findings, however, remains difficult because definite marker substances for certain diseases could not yet be identified, substance concentrations in the exhaled air change under various conditions, and results vary in a wide range. Because of very low substance concentrations in the exhaled air sophisticated analytical techniques are necessary. Analyses are hampered by high water content and numerous contaminants in the samples. A clear distinction has to be made between substances originating from within the patient and those coming from outside of the body. Despite all these limitations there is no doubt that relations exist between the chemical composition of human exhaled air and clinical parameters. Upcoming new analytical techniques will allow more efficient extraction and preconcentration of substances in minute concentrations. Fast track bedside analyses will shortly become possible with the introduction of miniature gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric equipment. This will open a new area for clinical and basic research.
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PMID:[Importance and perspectives of breath analysis]. 1046 16

The case of a morbidly obese 3.5-year-old boy, with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), who experienced a life-threatening episode of pulmonary edema soon after induction of general anesthesia with sevoflurane and intubation for orchidopexy is presented. The patient who had history of sleep apnea and who had an uneventful laparoscopy under general anesthesia 6 months previously was supported with mechanical ventilation with positive end expiratory pressure but developed hyperthermia, pneumonia, sepsis, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the intensive care unit. He recovered fully 11 days after surgery. The possible contributing factors for the development of pulmonary edema are discussed. Arrangements for monitoring in an intensive care setting after surgery are highly recommended for patients with PWS.
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PMID:Near demise of a child with Prader-Willi syndrome during elective orchidopexy. 1687 24