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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipid peroxidation parameters, such as malonic dialdehyde and antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) were studied in healthy individuals, miners of different occupations, working at mines of different altitudes. The studies showed that increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant defense are connected with the altitude of work and exposure to the quartz-containing dust combined with hypobaric hypoxia. Malonic dialdehyde, the final toxic product of peroxidation, is accumulated as a result of it. Increased membranous lipid peroxidation results in death and lysis of cells. It becomes the principal pathogenetic component of pneumoconiosis formation and clarifies the mechanism of its early development, comparatively fast progressing, frequency of nodular forms in miners from the high and middle altitudes. That testifies the ability of hypobaric hypoxia to produce silicosis.
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PMID:[The mechanisms of the formation of pneumoconiosis under high-altitude conditions]. 142 41

Human data concerning exposure to nanoparticles are very limited, and biomarkers for monitoring exposure are urgently needed. In a follow-up of a 2016 study in a nanocomposites plant, in which only exhaled breath condensate (EBC) was examined, eight markers of oxidative stress were analyzed in three bodily fluids, i.e., EBC, plasma and urine, in both pre-shift and post-shift samples in 2017 and 2018. Aerosol exposures were monitored. Mass concentration in 2017 was 0.351 mg/m3 during machining, and 0.179 and 0.217 mg/m3 during machining and welding, respectively, in 2018. In number concentrations, nanoparticles formed 96%, 90% and 59%, respectively. In both years, pre-shift elevations of 50.0% in EBC, 37.5% in plasma and 6.25% in urine biomarkers were observed. Post-shift elevation reached 62.5% in EBC, 68.8% in plasma and 18.8% in urine samples. The same trend was observed in all biological fluids. Individual factors were responsible for the elevation of control subjects' afternoon vs. morning markers in 2018; all were significantly lower compared to those of workers. Malondialdehyde levels were always acutely shifted, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels best showed chronic exposure effect. EBC and plasma analysis appear to be the ideal fluids for bio-monitoring of oxidative stress arising from engineered nanomaterials. Potential late effects need to be targeted and prevented, as there is a similarity of EBC findings in patients with silicosis and asbestosis.
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PMID:Three-Year Study of Markers of Oxidative Stress in Exhaled Breath Condensate in Workers Producing Nanocomposites, Extended by Plasma and Urine Analysis in Last Two Years. 3329 23