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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A series of investigations conducted in different "silicosis-risk" industries using a methodology based on the mathematical theory of pattern recognition has shown that in the given conditions of dust exposure, the probability of contracting pneumoconiosis depends for each individual on a complex influence of many factors, both environmental and intrinsic for the individual. Genetic predisposition was one of the most important factors and while the direction in which a factor influences predisposition was the same in every industry, its relative contribution to predisposition to simple silicosis was different in the studied working populations. So a reliable prediction of the high probability of this form of pneumoconiosis on the basis of such a multifactorial analysis is possible only with respect to specific conditions of a particular industry. The complex of factors determining predisposition to silicotuberculosis is more general: this complex comprises both factors influencing susceptibility to silica dust and specially those influencing susceptibility to tuberculosis. Despite the low prevalence of genetic resistance to pneumoconiosis in working populations, the risk of contracting the disease in modern industrial conditions of relatively low dust exposure is high only for a proportion of workers for whom the genotype of predisposition to silicosis or to silicotuberculosis coincides with a most unfavourable combination of non-genetic factors enhancing this predisposition. In the opinion of the authors, the task of screening off those applicants for a "silicosis-risk" employment for whom the risk may be estimated as high on the basis of the developed methodology, is quite feasible.
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PMID:The principles of predicting the individual risk of silicosis and silicotuberculosis. 836 38

The mortality risk of iron ore (haematite) miners between 1970 and 1982 was investigated in a retrospective cohort study of workers from two mines, Longyan and Taochong, in China. The cohort was limited to men and consisted of 5406 underground miners and 1038 unexposed surface workers. Among the 490 underground miners who died, 205 (42%) died of silicosis and silicotuberculosis and 98 (20%) of cancer, including 29 cases (5.9%) of lung cancer. The study found an excess risk of non-malignant respiratory disease and of lung cancer among haematite miners. The standardised mortality ratio for lung cancer compared with nationwide male population rates was significantly raised (SMR = 3.7), especially for those miners who were first employed underground before mechanical ventilation and wet drilling were introduced (SMR = 4.8); with jobs involving heavy exposure to dust, radon, and radon daughters (SMR = 4.2); with a history of silicosis (SMR = 5.3); and with silicotuberculosis (SMR = 6.6). No excess risk of lung cancer was observed in unexposed workers (SMR = 1.2). Among current smokers, the risk of lung cancer increased with the level of exposure to dust. The mortality from all cancer, stomach, liver, and oesophageal cancer was not raised among underground miners. An excess risk of lung cancer among underground mine workers which could not be attributed solely to tobacco use was associated with working conditions underground, especially with exposure to dust and radon gas and with the presence of non-malignant respiratory disease. Because of an overlap of exposures to dust and radon daughters, the independent effects of these factors could not be evaluated.
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PMID:Mortality experience of haematite mine workers in China. 232 25

Fasting urinary hydroxyproline: creatinine (HOP:C) ratios were measured in 74 patients with suspected (borderline) silicosis (10), simple silicosis (46) and complicated silicosis (9 silicotuberculosis, 4 massive fibrosis, and 5 combined silicotuberculosis and massive fibrosis) and in 18 healthy subjects (controls). There was no statistically significant difference in urinary HOP:C ratios between control subjects (mean 13.8, SD 3.6) and suspected silicotics (mean 18.0, SD 7.6); however, urinary HOP:C ratios were significantly higher in both simple silicosis (mean 25.0, SD 9.9, p less than 0.001) and complicated silicosis (silicotuberculosis and progressive massive fibrosis) (mean 28.6, SD 11.3; p less than 0.001). Urinary HOP:C ratios appeared to show a graduated increase to their highest levels in category 2 silicosis and thereafter remained constant or declined slightly in category 3 silicosis and massive fibrosis. The results support the suggestion that urinary hydroxyproline might be useful as an indicator of disease progression in established silicosis. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm its predictive value.
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PMID:Fasting urinary hydroxyproline: creatinine ratios in silicosis. 262 19

The study was carried out at a number of industrial enterprises at risk of silicosis by means of the methodological approach based on the mathematical theory of image discrimination. It was shown that under the given conditions of dust exposure higher or lower probability of the development of silicosis and silicotuberculosis in an individual depended on the whole set of environment and endogenic factors, involving genetic predisposition to the disease as one of the leading factors. The impact of the above factors being similar irrespective of the type of the enterprise, their comparative contribution could be different. Thus reliable prediction of high probability of the disease development could be provided by means of the method of multifactorial analysis only as applied to specific conditions of the given enterprise. In spite of low prevalence of the genotype of silicosis- and silicotuberculosis-associated resistance, under the exposure to quartz dust, high probability of the disease development was predicted only in a number of cases if other individual symptoms were taken into account along the genotype. Therefore it became possible to identify the most susceptible persons at the stage of medical vocational selection.
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PMID:[Relation between genetic and non-genetic factors of individual susceptibility to silicosis]. 263 Mar 95

Cytochemical tuberculin-associated shifts along with their prognostic evaluation were studied in 30 patients with silicosis and silicotuberculosis with intrathoracic adenopathy. The study revealed that a decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity of neutrophils, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase lymphocytes could serve as an early indicator of tuberculosis process in the pulmonary tissue and intrathoracic lymph nodes.
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PMID:[Tuberculin-cytochemical test in the differential diagnosis of silicosis and silicotuberculosis with intrathoracic adenopathy]. 270 4

The article deals with the results of histological study of material of emergency biopsies and subsequent scrupulous examination of lung resectates obtained from 50 patients with focal diseases of the lungs which were not identified precisely and unverified morphologically before the operation. Inflammatory pseudotumors of two types and in different phases were revealed in 19 patients, different forms of active tuberculosis--in 9, different forms of primary carcinoma of the lungs--in 8, proliferative processes bordering on malignancy--in 5, silicosis and silicotuberculosis--in 4, and suppurative and sclerotic changes--in 4 patients. The results confirm the importance of close cooperation of the surgeon and morphologist at all stages of the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Intraoperative histologic verification of focal diseases of the lungs]. 272 34

The time course of interstitial silicosis in 150 patients was investigated retrospectively by the roentgenograms for a follow-up varying from 2 to 20 years. It was shown that silicosis progress followed the affection of the intrathoracic lymph nodes. The latter was mainly predetermined by tuberculous infection in person working under silicosis-hazardous and unfavourable sanitary and hygienic conditions. The picture of pulmonary lesions developing after adenopathy in patients with silicosis was roentgenologically completely identical to that of polymorphous tuberculosis. In this connection it was recommended that thorough clinical and bronchological examinations for silicotuberculosis of adenogenic genesis be performed in all the cases with progressing silicosis.
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PMID:[Dynamics of interstitial silicosis in relation to the state of the intrathoracic lymphatic system]. 277 11

The mortality risk of nonmalignant respiratory disease among hematite workers in the Longyan and Taochong mines of China was investigated in a retrospective cohort study covering the period 1970-1982. The cohort was limited to men and consisted of 5406 underground miners, of whom 1335 (25%) were diagnosed as having silicosis. Among those with silicosis, 560 (42%) were diagnosed as having silicotuberculosis. Among the 490 underground miners who died, 278 (57%) died of nonmalignant respiratory disease. The relative risk for death due to nonmalignant respiratory disease for stage III silicotics compared to nonsilicotics was almost 100-fold. High dust exposure was associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of death due to nonmalignant respiratory disease (relative risk 5.3). The relative risk associated with jobs with high dust exposure before the introduction of industrial hygiene controls was 7.7, and the corresponding value for after their introduction was 2.3. There is a need for continued close monitoring of industrial hygiene in these mines.
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PMID:Nonmalignant respiratory disease among hematite mine workers in China. 279 17

In a group of control subjects, the mean serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) level was 38.1 +/- 10.6 nmol/min X ml (n = 30), and in a group of silicosis patients the mean serum ACE level was 45.2 +/- 16.0 (n = 26). Thirteen of these patients were classified as having nodular silicosis, and their mean serum ACE level was 44.2; 10 of these patients were classified as having progressive massive fibrosis, and their mean serum ACE level was 39.4. Three of these patients had confirmed silicotuberculosis, and their serum ACE levels were 63, 67, and 77 (mean = 69); these serum ACE levels are somewhat higher than those having been reported for patients with acute sarcoidosis. Thus, when serum ACE levels are being used to assist in distinguishing between silicosis and sarcoidosis, the possibility of silicotuberculosis must be also considered when high serum ACE levels are encountered.
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PMID:Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in patients with silicosis. 300 2

Dermatoglyphic investigations conducted by the authors made it possible to demonstrate a genetic predisposition to occupational diseases, in particular, to silicosis and silicotuberculosis. Methods based on the mathematical theory of pattern recognition were used for multifactor analysis of the data. It was shown that complex evaluation of 10 dermatoglyphic indices gave a reliable prognosis of the risk of the above two kinds of disease due to silica dust. The dermatoglyphic patterns which predict predisposition to simple silicosis or to silicotuberculosis were found to differ significantly.
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PMID:[Use of complex assessment of dermatoglyphic signs for prediction of the risk of development of occupational diseases]. 322 70


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