Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 54-yr old male patient with a history of dyspnea and cough is presented. Due to the clinical course of disease and the radiological changes in the chest a diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established. However, the open lung biopsy revealed the true nature of the pulmonary disease: pulmonary adiaspiromycosis, only secondary to asbestosis, siderosis and silicosis as due to the well known occupational exposure to asbestos and other dusts.
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PMID:[Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis]. 176 90

Pulmonary siderosis and bronchial cancer are respiratory risks in the long term in arc welders. We report a case of siderosis discovered from radiological abnormalities in a patient of 56 who had been an arc welder for 30 years. An analysis of the broncho-alveolar lavage liquid and transbronchial biopsy confirmed an iron overload and revealed patchy interstitial fibrosis. The toxic risks in arc welders arise from the gaseous fumes produced and inhaled particles at the alveolar level. The pulmonary siderosis is currently considered as a simple pneumoconiosis with a good prognosis. Some recent studies suggest the possibility of a more serious outcome with fibrosis even in the absence of any associated silicosis. The risks of bronchial cancer seem to be principally linked to exposure to chrome. A better understanding of these risks could be furnished by data from epidemiological studies which are still lacking.
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PMID:[Pulmonary siderosis and long-term respiratory risks of arc welders]. 185 31

Iron oxides are present in many occupational atmospheres mainly in iron ore mines and in steel industry. Among these workers, epidemiological studies indicated an excess of lung cancer deaths. In mines, it was difficult to involve iron oxides exposure because there are other possible causes as radon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) present in diesel exhausts, silicosis or siderosis. The contradictory results of these studies are due to the differences of exposure levels or to the presence or not of these cofactors or of a sufficient prevention. But generally the results agree with an interaction of iron oxide dusts and smoking habits. It is unclear if this interaction supports an additive or multiplicative risk of lung cancer. Experimental studies with Fe2O3 showed that these particles are able to induce lung cancers only in the presence of PAH when administered to animals. In vitro studies permitted to observe an interaction in the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) leading to a higher level of precursors of the ultimate carcinogen. As this metabolism of BaP is known to be enhanced during lipoperoxidation, it is possible to involve this mechanism with Fe2O3. After phagocytosis and dissolution with production of ferric ions, Fe2O3 can enhance the production of reactive oxygen species responsible of damaging both lipidic constituents and DNA. Fe3O4 and mainly FeO may be more toxic, introducing directly ferrous ions in the cells after dissolution, but the cancerogenicity of the these compounds is unknown, making necessary to develop research.
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PMID:Interactive effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and iron oxides particles. Epidemiological and fundamental aspects. 916 58

This symposium was organized to provide recent informations concerning pneumoconiosis and mycobacterial diseases in Japan. Pneumoconiotic workers have been decreasing in number and in severity because of change in industrial structure and improvement of occupational health measures. But radiological figures of dust exposed worker are going to be complex and be difficult for diagnosis due to aging, smoking and of complicated respiratory and non-respiratory diseases. Major complications such as pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy are decreasing but non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections have become common among dust exposed workers. Dr. Katsuhiro Suzuki (National Kinki-Chuo Hospital) reported pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with pneumoconiosis. A few reports regarding tuberculosis with pneumoconiosis have been published in recent years, particularly in Japan. Thus, clinical characteristics of the cases in our hospital between 1998 and 2003 were summarized here. There were 22 such patients, who consisted of 21 men and one woman and were 49 to 91 years old. There were 19 cases with silicosis, two cases with asbestosis, and one case with siderosis. Bilateral and cavitary lesions in a chest XP were revealed in 82% and 29% of the cases, respectively. Standard chemotherapeutic regimens consisted of three or four drugs with a prolonged period were found to be as effective as that for healthy subjects, judging from the sputum conversion rate after 8 week treatment. Dr. Toshiyuki Yamauchi (Keihai Rosai Hospital) reported, based on autopsy findings, trends in combined-type tuberculosis accompanying pneumoconiosis. The study period was divided into first (1963-1980) and second (1981-2000) stages based on year of patients death. To assess the therapeutic efficacy of antituberculosis agents, patients with combined-type tuberculosis were pathologically divided into those with active tuberculosis and those with inactive tuberculosis. The incidence of active tuberculosis during the second stage was significantly lower than that during the first stage. In both first and second stages, the average age of death for patients with inactive tuberculosis was older than that for those with active tuberculosis. It was shown that active combined-type tuberculosis was resistant to antituberculosis therapy and the prognosis of those patients tends to be poor. But for all patients with active and inactive combined-type tuberculosis, the average age of death was comparable to that of patients without tuberculosis in each stage. The results indicated that the antituberculosis agents were effective to combined-type tuberculosis. Dr. Kiyonobu Kimura (Iwamizawa Rosai Hospital) carried out retrospective studies on some clinico-epidemiologic problems in the cases accumulated in his hospital during the past 49 years. Since his cases consist of various different pathological changes, he has adopted the term "pneumoconiosis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis" instead of silico-tuberculosis. The results were summarized as follows: (1) The rates of active pulmonary tuberculosis out of 1051 total dead cases were 43.8% (28/64) from 1955 to 1964, 28.8% (62/215) from 1965 to 1974, 24.7% (93/376) from 1975 to 1984, and 10.1% (40/396) from 1985 to 1994. (2) The rates of those who died of pulmonary tuberculosis were 17.2% (11/64) from 1955 to 1964, 9.3% (20/215) from 1965 to 1974, 1.9% (7/376) from 1975 to 1984, and 3.3% (13/396) from 1985 to 1994, respectively. (3) The average age of death of pulmonary tuberculosis has become older and is not significantly different from that of pneumoconiosis patients who died of other cause. (4) The rate of sputum negative conversion was only 9.1% (3/33) during the first 10 years (from 1955 to 1964). On the other hand, 95% (21/22) in the recent 9 years (from 1993 to 2002). (5) Out of the 104 autopsy cases in whom pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis were diagnosed pathologically, 64 cases were combined form of tuberculosis, and other 40 cases were complicated form of tuberculosis. Dr. Hiroki Morita (Asahi Rosai Hospital) studied the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in the patients with pneumoconiosis and the clinical courses of the 4 types of pneumoconiosis complicated with NTM pulmonary disease. NTM were detected in the 73 (29%) of 252 pneumoconiosis. The 14 species (M. gordonae, M. avium, M. terrae, M. fortuitum, M. nonchromogenicum, M. peregrinum, M. intracellulare, M. szulgai, M. abscessus, M. simiae, M. chelonae, M. scrofulaceum, M. xenopi, M. triviale) were identified. In the long-term follow-up study of the pneumoconiosis patients complicated by NTM pulmonary disease, it was very difficult to catch the onset of NTM pulmonary disease because the clinical signs and symptoms were nonspecific and the radiographic findings moved very slowly. Dr. Mitsunori Sakatani (National Kinki-Chuo Hospital) reviewed the laws related safety and health for dust exposed workers, pneumoconiosis and tuberculosis, and he pointed out importance for prevention, diagnosis, treatment and compensation.
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PMID:[Pneumoconiosis and mycobacterial infection]. 1467 49

Pneumoconiosis may be classified as either fibrotic or nonfibrotic, according to the presence or absence of fibrosis. Silicosis, coal worker pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, berylliosis, and talcosis are examples of fibrotic pneumoconiosis. Siderosis, stannosis, and baritosis are nonfibrotic forms of pneumoconiosis that result from inhalation of iron oxide, tin oxide, and barium sulfate particles, respectively. In an individual who has a history of exposure to silica or coal dust, a finding of nodular or reticulonodular lesions at chest radiography or small nodules with a perilymphatic distribution at thin-section computed tomography (CT), with or without eggshell calcifications, is suggestive of silicosis or coal worker pneumoconiosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for distinguishing between progressive massive fibrosis and lung cancer. CT and histopathologic findings in asbestosis are similar to those in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but the presence of asbestos bodies in histopathologic specimens is specific for the diagnosis of asbestosis. Giant cell interstitial pneumonia due to exposure to hard metals is classified as a fibrotic form of pneumoconiosis and appears on CT images as mixed ground-glass opacities and reticulation. Berylliosis simulates pulmonary sarcoidosis on CT images. CT findings in talcosis include small centrilobular and subpleural nodules or heterogeneous conglomerate masses that contain foci of high attenuation indicating talc deposition. Siderosis is nonfibrotic and is indicated by a CT finding of poorly defined centrilobular nodules or ground-glass opacities.
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PMID:Pneumoconiosis: comparison of imaging and pathologic findings. 1641 44

The most prevalent pneumoconioses are silicosis, asbestosis and coal worker's pneumoconiosis. Other pneumoconioses that have distinct clinical, functional and structural repercussions are caused by inhalation of metal powder in fumes from metals or organic salts. The distinction in terms of the chemical form of the inhaled compound is related to the tissue reaction and to the prognosis. Simple pneumoconiosis, siderosis, berylliosis and phosphate rock-related pneumoconiosis, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease caused by exposure to heavy metals, are succinctly discussed. As an instrument of etiologic investigation of these pneumoconioses, the taking of occupational histories is essential.
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PMID:[Other pneumoconioses]. 1727

The nanopathological diagnostics (ND) is an ultra-specialized branch of pathological anatomy aimed to identify the nanoparticles of metallic, semimetallic, or nonmetallic elements in the inorganic particulate matter present inside pathological tissues, even on the nanometer scale. ND exploits an environmental scanning electron microscope, connected to an X-ray microprobe mounted on an energy-dispersive spectrometer. The searching of nanoparticles can be performed on paraffin-embedded material, omitting emissions of black overlay and plating procedures. The technique is highly sensitive and specific, reproducible and rapid, covering an entire operating cycle in few hours. Nowadays, ND finds many applications: (I) intratumor detection of heavy metals and endocrine metal disruptors; (II) identification of pathogenic nanoparticles in medical or veterinary drugs and devices, cosmetics, household products, and foodstuffs; (III) differential diagnosis of sarcoid-type granulomas (berylliosis, baritosis) and foreign body granulomas (prosthetic, iatrogenic); (IV) attestation of occupational disease correlating the datum with the occupational risk (anthracosis, asbestosis, bauxite fibrosis, byssinosis, chalicosis, siderosis, silicosis, stannosis, talcosis); and (V) forensic investigations to ascertain a causal link between disease and environmental, military, or work exposure. In addition to filling a knowledge gap, ND offers to the pathologist a current research field, with particular reference to the impact of occupational and environmental pollution on the human health and cancer.
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PMID:State-of-the-art nanopathological diagnostics. 2880 87

We present the case of a 45-year-old woman, working as a silver polisher since 11 years, complaining of dyspnea on exertion and dry cough. Intensive diagnostic workup, including high-resolution CT scan of the chest and lung biopsy by VATS led to the diagnosis of pulmonary siderosis. Pulmonary siderosis is a benign, non-fibrotic type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of iron oxide, which is generally asymptomatic (except in concurrent smoking or concurrent silicosis). Combination of relevant exposure and the typical findings on CT-imaging (centrilobular nodules without cranio-caudal gradient) usually strongly suggest the diagnosis, but this should always be discussed at a multidisciplinary consultation. This includes discussing whether to perform a lung biopsy for histological confirmation. Cessation of the causative exposure is the only-treatment one can take and then radiological features can improve and even disappear of time. Unfortunately, this treatment has an enormous impact on patient's life because it implies changing profession. Preventive measures can be taken by employers (respiratory equipment and ventilation). This case illustrates that physicians should stay vigilant about occupational exposures in clinical practice as well as the need for multidisciplinary consult in patients suspected of having interstitial lung disease.
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PMID:A woman and her breathtaking jewelry. 3196 Jul 67