Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary tissue obtained at thoracotomy or autopsy from 5 kaolin workers with complicated pneumoconiosis was studied by optical light and scanning electron microscopy. Premortem or preoperative chest roentgenograms demonstrated small irregular shadows and large opacities typical of kaolin pneumoconiosis. On gross examination, there were firm, grey-brown nodules and masses in the parenchyma and in the hilar lymph nodes. Histologically, there was extensive pulmonary kaolinite deposition associated with formation of peribronchiolar macules and nodules. The latter were comprised of kaolinite aggregates traversed by bands of fibrous tissue rather than dense whorled collagen, as seen in silicosis. Crystallographic studies confirmed the presence of kaolinite in the lungs, but silica was not demonstrable by either analytical scanning electron microscopy or X-ray diffractometry. These findings illustrate the pathology of human kaolin pneumoconiosis, confirm the fibrogenic potential of kaolinite, and emphasize differences in pulmonary responses to kaolinite and to silica.
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PMID:Kaolin pneumoconiosis. Radiologic, pathologic, and mineralogic findings. 646 82

In 1972, the U.S. Public Health Service examined 1438 workers employed at seven bituminous and one anthracite U.S. strip coal mines. One conclusion from the study was that workers without previous dust exposures were not at risk of category 2 or higher pneumoconiosis from their strip coal mining environment. Because of recent concerns for silicosis among strip coal miners, the radiographs were reinterpreted and the data re-evaluated. In addition, data from respirable coal mine dust samples collected from 1972 to 1979 in all surface coal mines were analyzed. The results showed that category 2 or higher pneumoconiosis was prevalent among strip coal miners with experience in an underground coal mine. Among those without underground coal mine experience, category 2 or higher was prevalent among anthracite strip miners, but not among bituminous strip miners. Average respirable coal mine dust exposures in the anthracite mine were less than 1 mg/m3 prior to 1975 and, coupled with the radiographic findings, suggest further study of the efficacy of the 2 mg/m3 U.S. Federal surface coal mine dust standard in anthracite coal mines.
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PMID:A re-evaluation of radiological evidence from a study of U.S. strip coal miners. 650 55

The radiographs of 393 coal-cutters (or hewers) and 187 drillers were read independently by two pneumoconiosis experts following the complete 12 grade classification (BIT 1980). The two groups were comparable for age, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and respiratory symptoms but the VEMS was lower in he drillers (p = 0.05). There were significant radiological differences between the groups as follows: with the coal-cutters predominantly type "p" opacities and Category 1; in the drillers "q" and "v" opacities and category 3 were most frequent, and there were a large number of pseudo-tumoral masses and signs of hyperinflation. The two groups have a quantitative and qualitative differences in exposure; it is necessary to interpret the results as two different types of pneumoconiosis, although there are intermediate types. The coal cutters have coal-workers pneumoconiosis in the strictest sense, while the drillers have silicosis with mixed dusts, the latter being more aggressive and incapacitating. One should take account of the two types in epidemiological evaluations in coal miners. It helps to explain certain contradictory results.
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PMID:[Cutters and drillers: 2 different coal pneumoconioses?]. 652 8

To obtain additional data concerning uranium mining and nonmalignant respiratory diseases, we conducted a prevalence survey of 192 long-term New Mexico uranium miners. Survey procedures included spirometry, completion of a respiratory symptoms questionnaire, physical examination and interpretation of available chest x rays. Total duration of underground uranium mining was used as the exposure index. Of the major respiratory symptoms, only the prevalence of dyspnea increased significantly with duration of uranium mining. With linear multiple-regression analysis, small but statistically significant effects of mining were found for two spirometric parameters, the forced expiratory volume in one sec and the maximal midexpiratory flow. By the 1980 International Labor Organization (ILO) U/C classification, 12 of 143 participants with x rays available for interpretation had at least category 1/0 pneumoconiosis. The opacities were predominantly nodular and compatible with silicosis.
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PMID:Prevalence survey of respiratory abnormalities in New Mexico uranium miners. 669 66

Histologic sections of liver and spleen from 99 retired coal workers and nine non-coal workers were obtained at autopsy and scored for black pigment. Pigment was minimal in the non-coal workers, with the exception of one person with silicosis. Moderate or heavy pigment was seen in 10.4 per cent of liver sections and 19.5 per cent of spleen sections from coal workers. The extrapulmonary pigment was not associated with any pathologic tissue response. Information on pulmonary pathology and occupational exposure to dust was available for most workers. Highly significant positive correlation was found between the severity of pneumoconiosis and the black pigment score in both liver and spleen; the correlation between emphysema and pigment score was lower, but still significant for liver. Significant positive correlations were found between years spent underground, years of retirement, and age at death versus pigment scores. Significant negative correlation was found between smoking and pigment. The positive association of extrapulmonary pigment with age at death, years of underground mining, and severity of pneumoconiosis suggests that cumulative lifetime exposure to coal mine dust may be the most important factor in the release of dust into the general circulation.
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PMID:Frequency of black pigment in livers and spleens of coal workers: correlation with pulmonary pathology and occupational information. 675 99

Peripheral calcification of lymph nodes, "eggshell calcification," commonly occurs in patients with silicosis and coal-worker's pneumoconiosis. Sarcoidosis, postirradiation Hodgkin disease, blastomycosis, and scleroderma are other reported causes. Two not previously described causes, amyloidosis and histoplasmosis, are presented, and disorders that simulate eggshell calcification are listed. The explanation for the eggshell pattern of calcification is not known.
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PMID:Eggshell calcification of lymph nodes: an update. 677 37

We have reviewed the accumulated evidence for the explanation of the apical localization of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, and massive fibrosis of the lung due to silicosis and coal-workers pneumoconiosis. The effect of gravity on the erect human lung results in greatly diminished pulmonary artery blood flow in the apical and subapical areas. This in turn results in higher oxygen tensions but also impairment of tissue clearance mechanisms in these areas. Analysis of the accumulated evidence better supports the theory of lymph stasis and impaired clearance of antigenic substances as the major determinant of the apical localization of pulmonary tuberculosis rather than the presently favored oxygen tension theory. The impaired clearance theory also best explains the apical localization of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis and progressive massive fibrosis of the lung.
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PMID:Apical localization of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis, and progressive massive fibrosis of the lung. 683 25

The serum activities of two lysosomal enzymes, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) were analyzed for 28 silicosis and 34 asbestosis patients. The enzyme activities of the patients were compared with those of age-, sex- and exposure-matched controls with no radiological signs of pneumoconiosis, and with an additional reference group of blood donors. The serum activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was higher in the silicosis patients (32.5 +/- 11.7 U/l) than in the asbestosis patients (21.7 +/- 7.9 U/l, p less than 0.001), in the silica exposed controls (27.1 +/- 6.7 U/l, p less than 0.05) or in the blood donors (24.8 +/- 6.3 U/l, p less than 0.05). No significant differences were found in the serum activity of beta-glucuronidase in the studied groups. Although the mechanisms causing different levels of serum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in silicosis and asbestosis patients remain unresolved, they may be related to the different mechanisms of action of the two dusts on lung (10).
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PMID:Serum lysosomal enzyme activities in silicosis and asbestosis. 684 Feb 31

Surface coalminers are generally thought to be at minimal risk of developing pneumoconiosis. Biopsy-proved silicoproteinosis was found in a 34-year-old surface coalmine driller, and two of nine other drill crew members who worked for the same company had chest radiographic findings compatible with simple silicosis. Reanalysis of data from a previous United States Public Health Service survey of surface coalminers, after exclusion of those with underground mining experience, showed that 38% of the cases of pneumoconiosis occurred in drill crew members, a group comprising only 11% of the study population. On the basis of these data surface coalmine drillers appear to have an increased risk of developing occupational lung disease.
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PMID:Silicosis in surface coalmine drillers. 686 80

58 miners affected by VWF were studied by some immunological tests: electrophoresis, quantitantive immunoglobulin determination, latex test. C3c, C3PA and C4, cryoglobulin, ANA and ati-DNA antibody, L.E. cell. Slight hyperimmunoglobulinaemia G was observed in 31% of cases; this abnormality was significantly more frequent in patients also suffering for pulmonary silicosis. Authors indicate pneumoconiosis as an important confounding variable, which importance for epidemiological studies has not yet satisfactorily assessed.
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PMID:[Immunological changes in disease caused by vibrating instruments. Preliminary tests]. 718 41


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