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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distinction of pneumoconiosis and occupational (dust) bronchites in the clinic of occupational lung pathology required morphological justification of such divisions. Examinations of 37 fatal cases with dust pathology of the lungs showed that in two thirds of the cases predominantly obstructive bronchitis forms of emphysema and compensatory perinodular forms of emphysema in silicosis could be diagnosed morphologically. A less marked diffuse character of emphysema in focal forms of pneumoconiosis is conducive to the inclusion of compensatory mechanisms preventing the development of pneumonial and cardial insufficiency.
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PMID:[Morphogenesis of emphysema in occupational lung diseases (clinico-anatomical comparisons)]. 92 62

In some countries extensive research is carried out on preventing tuberculous disease by administration of INH. In GDR since about 1960 chemopreventive measures were taken in cases of silicosis and silicotuberculosis too. More than 2000 patients of the Magdeburg Pneumoconiosis Center were followed-up from 1960 to 1969. The high risk of tuberculous disease of 21% in the group of silicosis patients without administration of INH could be reduced to 14% after preventive administration of INH. However, such clear effects were observed only under optimal conditions, that is sufficient dosage, duration and reliability of treatment. On the base of these results and other publications patients with silicosis with and without tuberculous residues should be included into the programmes of preventive chemotherapy of the chest clinics.
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PMID:[Preventive chemotherapy in persons with silicosis and silicotuberculosis (author's transl)]. 96 Jul 85

Most of the occupational diseases are related to air pollution at the work place. The distribution of gases and vapours and their human absorption are briefly described. The deposition of particles is a function of their physical properties, of the pattern of the respiratory airways and of pulmonary ventilation parameters. Several defence mechanisms also play a role. Illustrative examples are given of occupational diseases caused by solvents, carbon monoxide, metals, dusts (silicosis, asbestosis, pneumoconiosis due to dust of hard metals), allergens and carcinogens. The importance of prevention is emphasized.
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PMID:[Air pollution in an industrial environment and occupational diseases]. 96 26

During 16 years (1958-1974) 327 open lung biopsies were carried out in the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Research Institute, the 2md and 3rd Surgical Clinic of Charles University in Prague. A modification of the original Klassen's surgical technique with axillary or submammary approach was used. The patients (160 males, 167 women) were referred for biopsy because of various forms of diffuse pulmonary lesions without established diagnosis. The age of the patients varied from 6-72 years, 27 of them, aged over 60, were operated on nothwithstanding their compromised cardiopulmonary function. In 252 (79%) the definite diagnosis with characteristic histology was obtained, and in 70 (21%) only pulmonary fibrosis without exact specification was evaluated. The definite histologic findings were as follows: 102 (31%) diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (Hamman-Rich), 32 (10%) pulmonary lesions in systemic cardiopulmonary or bronchopulmonary diseases (collagenosis, eosinophilic and other granulomas, Wegener, hemosiderosis, etc.), 42 (13%) pulmonary sarcoidosis, 12 (4%) pulmonary tuberculosis, 45 (14%) pneumoconiosis, mostly silicosis, 24 (7%) neoplastic lesions. Post-operative morbidity of minor importance was 13,5%, mortality 0,3%: One 56 years old woman died 5 days following operation of cardiopulmonary insufficiency. This was an incorrect indication for biopsy based on inadequate evaluation of the patient's initial functional status. The open lung biopsy obtained by minimal thoracotomy is a valuable and well tolerated diagnostic method in cases where diagnosis cannot be obtained with certainty on the base of results of usual investigation procedures.
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PMID:Open lung biopsy. 100 85

Content of hydroxyproline, thyrosine, hexuronic acids, hexoses and dry weight of lungs were studied in animals with pneumoconiosis, caused by various agents: two types of silicosis, induced by crystalline and condensed modifications of silica, and anthracosis, caused by anthracite. The data obtained showed that in all the types of pneumoconiosis dry weight of defatted lungs was increased with simultaneous increase of hydroxyproline content in the tissue. The more pronounced alterations were observed in silicosis. In all the types of pneumoconiosis within the experimental period content of hexuronic acids was higher in impaired animals as compared with control ones; the increase in content of hexuronic acids preceded the accumulation of hydroxyproline. Content of hexoses and thyrosine was distinctly increased within 2 days, which apparently correlated with the processes of exudation. Then it was decreased and at the later steps of the impairment amount of hexoses and thyrosine was shown to increase with simultaneous accumulation of hydroxyproline. Dynamics of accumulation of non-collagen components of connective tissue in lungs depended upon the type of a dust to which the animals were exposed.
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PMID:[Content of hexuronic acids, hexoses and tyrosine in the lung tissue in experimental pneumoconiosis]. 102 91

Such an association would not appear to be fortuitous since scleroderma is commoner in male miners than in women in general, whilst the predominance of the disease in the latter group is well known. The picture is that of generalised scleroderma without any special characteristics. Silicosis usually precedes the scleroderma. In general, the onset of scleroderma alters the chest X-ray appearance with the development of diffuse, non-cavitated macro-nodular opacities localised in the lower two-thirds of the lungs and in particular at the bases, without absolute symmetry. Several hypotheses may be advanced to explain this association. Irritation by dust in the presence of a particular underlying terrain may cause silicosis and the same terrain may be associated with the development of scleroderma. A second possibility is that of immune phenomena secondary to the pneumoconiosis which favourise the development of scleroderma.
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PMID:[Silicosis associated with scleroderma]. 117 57

A cohort study of approximately 68,000 persons employed during 1972 to 1974 at metal mines and pottery factories in south central China was conducted to evaluate mortality from cancer and other diseases among workers exposed to different levels of silica and other dusts. A follow-up of subjects through December 31, 1989 revealed 6,192 deaths, a number close to that expected based on Chinese national mortality rates. There was, however, a nearly 6-fold increase in deaths from pulmonary heart disease (standard mortality ratio, 581; 95% confidence interval 538 to 626), and a 48% excess of mortality from nonmalignant respiratory diseases (standard mortality ratio, 148; 95% confidence interval, 139 to 158), primarily because of a more than 30-fold excess of pneumoconiosis. Pulmonary heart disease and noncancerous respiratory disease rates rose in proportion to dust exposure. Cancer mortality overall was not increased among the miners or pottery workers. There was no increased risk of lung cancer, except among tin miners, and trends in risk of this cancer with increasing level of dust exposure were not significant. Risks of lung cancer were 22% higher among workers with than without silicosis. The findings indicate that respiratory disease continues to be an occupational hazard among Chinese miners and pottery workers, but that cancer risks are not as yet strongly associated with work in these dusty trades.
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PMID:Mortality among dust-exposed Chinese mine and pottery workers. 131 52

Levels of 9 different oncoproteins and growth factors were assayed by immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies in 91 serum samples collected between March 1983 and August 1987 from 46 pneumoconiosis patients (36 asbestosis, 10 silicosis) at high risk for the development of cancer. Follow-up of these patients through June 1991 showed that 18 had developed cancer (11 lung, 2 pleural mesothelioma, 2 transitional-cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder, 1 osteosarcoma, 1 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder). Increased serum levels of ras oncogene-related protein (p21) were found in 7 of the 18 patients who developed cancer (5 lung, 2 pleural mesothelioma) versus 2 of the 28 patients without cancer, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.012). In addition, 6 of the 7 p21-positive cancer cases had positive serum samples prior to clinical diagnosis of disease (average = 16.3 months, range = 3-26 months prior to diagnosis), suggesting that elevated serum p21 levels may be a useful marker for earlier detection in a significant percentage of respiratory malignancies. Finally, elevated serum levels of PDGF-related protein were detected significantly more frequently in advanced pneumoconiosis cases (ILO radiographic classification of 2/1 or greater) than in less advanced cases (80% vs. 41.9%; p = 0.016), and there was a tendency for these PDGF-positive patients to have progression of their disease (68.2% vs. 41.7%; p = 0.065), suggesting that elevated serum PDGF levels may be a marker for the development of severe and progressive pneumoconioses.
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PMID:Serum oncoproteins and growth factors in asbestosis and silicosis patients. 131 98

As part of a larger study relating to silica exposure, silicosis, and lung cancer mortality in Chinese mine and factory workers, 1936 old posterior-anterior chest X-rays were re-interpreted according to the 1986 Chinese Roentgenodiagnostic Criteria of pneumoconioses. Each film was independently read by three individuals from a panel of eleven radiologists, and this reading was compared to the original one. Subsequent to the independent readings, a groups of three readers interpreted the films together, called the consensus readings. Comparisons were made by Chinese stage of pneumoconiosis. For the entire cohort, there was a crude agreement of 57.4% between the old and the new interpretations. Agreement within one step of full agreement was 92.5%. The interpretations done by median reading and by consensus were very similar. In general, there was a tendency for the old readings to be slightly higher compared to the new interpretations. This tendency was most marked in the tin mines, followed in decreasing order by the iron/copper mines, the potteries, and the tungsten mines. The agreement between the old and new interpretations is felt to be satisfactory.
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PMID:A comparison of radiographic interpretation of silica exposed workers using the 1963 and the 1986 Chinese roentgenodiagnostic criteria of pneumoconioses. 133 88

Gallium 67 scintigraphy is employed in the evaluation of workers with possible pneumoconiosis. To our knowledge, however, a severe hypersensitivity reaction following the intravenous injection of Gallium 67 has not been described. We report the case of a worker chronically exposed to silica who developed an allergic cutaneous and severe articular reaction following the injection of Gallium 67 while being investigated for possible silicosis. Hilar adenopathy was noted on the chest roentgenogram and, retrospectively, circulating immune complexes were found in the patient's serum. The presence of a positive prick skin test to benzyl alcohol suggests that this preservative caused the hypersensitivity reaction.
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PMID:Severe hypersensitivity reaction to injectable Gallium 67 in a worker exposed to silica. 133 28


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