Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of our prospective multicentric study was to develop a screening method for pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic lung diseases. We investigated 710 patients in 10 hospitals: 315 males and 109 females with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 286 males with silicosis. Manifest pulmonary hypertension was defined as pulmonary artery pressure greater than 20 mmHg (2.7 kPa) at rest. The multivariate statistical method used was a stepwise discriminant analysis. In males with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the diameter of the right descending pulmonary artery, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) at rest, and age turned out to be relevant for discrimination of groups with and without manifest pulmonary hypertension. For females the FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio replaced the absolute value of FEV1 in the calculated discriminant function. In females, sensitivity and specificity were below 80%. In males, both were distinctly above 80%. In silicosis, the diameter of the right descending pulmonary artery was much less important, since it could frequently not be measured precisely. In these cases, precision of the prediction of about 80% could only be obtained by combined evaluation of spirometry, PaO2 during exercise, and body plethysmography. The calculated discriminant functions are appropriate for screening patients with risk of pulmonary hypertension. For different chronic lung diseases, and for both sexes, different combinations of parameters are relevant. The method is recommended to select patients who should undergo an invasive examination of pulmonary haemodynamics.
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PMID:Screening of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and silicosis by discriminant functions. 156 3

In order to verify the value of the determination of serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACEs) in the assessment of silicosis and silicotuberculosis, we studied 105 subjects: 61 suffering from silicosis, 12 from silicotuberculosis, 19 from tuberculosis and 13 from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patients with silicosis and silicotuberculosis were classified into two categories on the basis of the radiological pattern of pneumoconiosis according to the ILO 1980 CLASSIFICATION: mild silicosis (from 1/1 to 2/1) and severe silicosis (from 2/2 to 3+ and/or conglomerate masses). ACEs values were higher in the subjects suffering from silicotuberculosis and silicosis; in the latter, however, we did not find any significant relation between ACEs values and the radiological pattern. The lowest values of ACEs were found in the COPD group. Our data showed a statistically significant difference between silicotic or silicotuberculotic patients and the COPD group (p less than 0.05). It can be supposed that COPD, which was also found in all subjects suffering from silicosis or silicotuberculosis, might have caused an underestimation of the observed ACEs values which, however, were higher than normal. This increase might have been caused by a numerical or functional enhancement of the macrophages, which produce ACE and play an important role in the pathogenesis of such diseases.
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PMID:[The evaluation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in silicosis and silicotuberculosis]. 196 97

The mortality of 724 subjects with silicosis, first diagnosed in 1964-70 in the Sardinia region of Italy, was followed up through to 31 December 1987. Smoking, occupational history, chest x ray films, and data on lung function were available from clinical records for each member of the cohort. The overall cohort accounted for 10,956.5 person-years. The standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) for selected causes of death (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) eighth revision) were based on the age specific regional death rates for each calendar year. An excess of deaths for all causes (SMR = 1.40) was found, mainly due to chronic obstructive lung disease, silicosis, and tuberculosis with an upward trend of the SMR with increasing severity of the International Labour Office (ILO) radiological categories. Twenty two subjects died from lung cancer (SMR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.8-2.0). The risk increased after a 10 and 15 year latency but the SMR never reached statistical significance. No correlation was found between lung cancer and severity of the radiological category, the type of silica (coal or metalliferous mines, quarries etc), or the degree of exposure to silica dust. A significant excess of deaths from lung cancer was found among heavy smokers (SMR = 4.11) and subjects with airflow obstruction (SMR = 2.83). A nested case-control study was planned to investigate whether the association between lung cancer and airway obstruction was due to confounding by smoking. No association was found with the ILO categories of silicosis or the estimated cumulative exposure to silica. The risk estimate for lung cancer by airflow obstruction after adjusting by cigarette consumption was 2.86 for a mild impairment and 7.23 for a severe obstruction. The results do not show any clear association between exposure to silica, severity of silicosis, and mortality from lung cancer. Other environmental or individual factors may act as confounders in the association between silicosis and lung cancer. Among them, attention should be given to chronic airways obstruction as an independent risk factor for lung cancer in patients with silicosis.
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PMID:Mortality from lung cancer among Sardinian patients with silicosis. 199 6

177 postmortems were analysed where the patients had been suffering from increased right ventricular strain with different underlying diseases. In accordance with the severity of the underlying disease the patients of the lung fibrosis and cardiac defect groups showed a significantly higher percentage of chronic hepatic stasis than those with silicosis and chronic obstructive lung disease. The various degrees of liver congestion allow only limited conclusions in respect of the severity of the underlying disease.
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PMID:[Liver stasis in chronic lung and heart diseases]. 236 29

If one includes all types of chronic generalized airways obstruction under the heading of "COPD," diagnosis of this condition requires only the demonstration of an obstructive ventilatory impairment on spirometric testing that persists despite maximum medical therapy. However, as generally used, the term COPD implies that upper airways obstruction and "specific" lung diseases that can produce an obstructive type of physiologic abnormality have been excluded. Examples of these exclusions include silicosis, sarcoidosis, and even advanced tuberculous disease. It is more difficult to determine the type of disease that is causing the chronic airways obstruction in patients with COPD as defined above. A severe and persistent form of asthma, sometimes called "chronic asthmatic bronchitis," can mimic the typical emphysematous form of COPD that is characteristic of heavy cigarette smokers. Since these types of chronic airflow obstruction differ in regard to their clinical courses, prognoses, and treatments, their distinction is clinically important. One should not be discouraged by the fact that some patients appear to have a mixed type of disorder. Features that help differentiate the various forms of chronic airways obstruction are described in this report, and recommendations are offered to help guide the practitioner in the workup indicated for patients thought to have any type of chronic airways obstruction. It is also emphasized that patients vary markedly in regard to the relative importance of readily reversible bronchospasm, airways inflammation, and mucus hypersecretion in producing their disability. Assessment of these factors is critical in determining clinical management.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 240 7

Terlipressin (Glypressin) is a "pro-hormone"; after intravenous injection the glycyl radicals are slowly cleaved by enzymatic action, liberating vasopressin. We have assessed the efficacy of terlipressin in the treatment of severe hemoptysis. The study was performed on 20 patients: in 5 cases there was very copious hemoptysis and in 15 cases there was repeated hemoptysis of lesser volume. The cause was distributed as follows: 6 cases of neoplasms, 5 were sequelae of tuberculosis, bronchial dilatation 2 cases, pneumonia with abscess 2 cases, chronic airflow obstruction (COPD) 2 cases and 3 cases of silicosis. The treatment consisted of a slow intravenous injection of 2 mgm 4 times per day (9 patients), then in 11 patients an injection of 2 mgm at the time of acute episodes followed by 1 mgm every 6 hours. The patients received an average of between 15 and 20 mgm of the product for a treatment lasting over 5 days at the maximum. The results were as follows: total success 12 cases; partial success (a reduction to at least one-third of the initial hemoptysis): 5 cases; failure: 3 cases. The failures were linked in two cases to neoplastic disease and in one case there was an intolerance to the drug which did not allow the treatment to be pursued.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Treatment of severe hemoptysis with terlipressin. Study of the efficacy and tolerance of this product]. 279 45

Retrospective research has been carried out on the clinical reports of 618 cases of patients suffering from silicosis admitted to the S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital in 1973-1987 (1.4% of all pneumopathy admittances). A comparative evaluation of the five-year periods 1973-77, 1978-82, 1983-87 showed a steady reduction in the percentage of silicosis to total cases (from 1.62% to 1.55% and 1.16%). Among the 618 cases assessed, the following pneumopathies were associated with silicosis either alone or in combination: chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy (89.4%), pulmonary tuberculosis (22.2%), bronchogenic carcinoma (8.4%), acute aspecific infections (26.1%), mycosis (0.6%), sarcoidosis (0.3%), other pneumopathies (1.1%). Comparison between the three five-year periods shows an increase in the frequency of the silicosis-carcinoma association and a fall in the silicosis-tuberculosis and silicosis-COLD associations.
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PMID:[Lung diseases associated with silicosis. Study of 618 cases]. 281 84

We studied the relationship between oxygen consumption and systemic oxygen transport in 30 clinically stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) before and after increasing oxygen transport by passive leg elevation to raise the cardiac output. Results were compared with those observed in 10 patients with silicosis. The effect of leg elevation on oxygen consumption was also studied in 12 normal subjects. Oxygen consumption was measured by a closed circuit system, cardiac output by the direct Fick method, and arterial oxygen content by a cooximeter. Supine oxygen consumption was correlated with oxygen transport in patients with COPD (r = 0.50, p less than 0.01), and with leg elevation transport increased from a mean of 516 +/- 23 (SEM) to 567 +/- 26 ml X min-1 X m-2 and consumption increased from a mean of 136 +/- 3 to 148 +/- 4 ml X min-1 X m-2 (both p less than 0.01). In patients with silicosis, leg elevation raised mean oxygen transport from 620 +/- 40.0 to 745 +/- 54.0 ml X min-1 X m-2 and mean consumption from 161 +/- 6 to 192 +/- 6 ml X min-1 X m-2 (both p less than 0.01). In normal subjects, no change in oxygen consumption was observed with leg elevation (154 +/- 8 to 152 +/- 6 ml X min-1 X m-2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oxygen consumption and transport in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 376 24

The retrospective evaluation of 472 judgements of professional disease in persons exposed to dusts showed that all observed restrictions of cardio-pulmonary function (obstructive lung disease, increase of residual volume, respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension) occurred almost independently from the presence and stage of silicosis, but correlated first of all with the duration of exposure. Frequency and degree of functional disorders in exposed persons without radiologically demonstrable silicosis indicate that the fraction of nonspecific dusts, which is by far larger than the SiO2-fraction, produces chronic obstructive lung disease and its sequelae (emphysema, pulmonary hypertension). The term "pneumoconiosis" should therefore be used in a much broader sense than hitherto. This leads to considerations of the present practice of judgement on silicosis which are presented and discussed in detail.
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PMID:[Interpretation of pneumoconiosis--results of cardiopulmonary function tests in dust-exposed patients with and without silicosis]. 401 1

Circulating Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) level, chest X-rays and respiratory function tests were determined in 76 male patients with silicosis. Mean serum ACE in the patients was significantly higher than in 30 healthy controls (129.8 +/- 4 U/ml and 92.4 +/- 22.7 respectively), although individual values were in the normal range in about half of the patients. Enzyme levels were independent of silica dust exposure, X-ray changes, functional lung impairment, age, smoking habits, and presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, patients with more severe radiological changes tended to have lower ACE values. Our data confirm that serum ACE level is frequently raised in silicosis, but does not give further information in the evaluation of the disease.
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PMID:Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in silicosis. 609 23


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