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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Radiographic follow-up studies of cases of silicosis serve as an example to illustrate the migration of nodular lung disease--in order to demonstrate the fact that silicotic pulmonary nodules with dense profusion tend to coalesce resulting in the formation of large opacities. More widely disseminated nodules with less dense profusion can--on the contrary--result in migration towards the periphery of the lung and thus mimick pleural disease by the formation of subpleural nodules.
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PMID:[The significance of the migration of disseminated small round opacities in lung disease--with silicosis serving as a model (author's transl)]. 50 30

Lung function tests (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC %) were related to silica exposure and the extent of radiological opacities in a study of 206 active and 132 previously employed granite workers from two quarries. The investigations included detailed personal interviews, spirometric testing and radiographic examination of the chest. The chest X-ray films were read randomly and independently by three readers, using International Labour Office (ILO) standard films. Cumulative exposure to respirable silica (mg.m-3-yr) and total granite dust (million particles per cubic foot (mppcf-yr)) were estimated for each subject based on his years of employment at various jobs and historical and current measurements of quarry-, period- and job-specific exposures. The results suggest that chronic simple silicosis, especially for profusion category 2 and 3, was associated with significant lung function loss. As expected, mixed dust fibrosis was associated with little or no functional disturbance. Massive fibrosis was associated with significant obstructive and restrictive impairment. No additional effect of exposure to respirable silica on lung function loss was found after allowing for the presence of "silicosis". However, exposure to total dust (mppcf-yr) appeared to be associated with some lung function loss independent of silicosis. Our results indicate that chronic simple silicosis is not a benign disease; silica exposure is the primary cause, but the lung function loss in silicotics is directly attributable to the fibrotic lung disease. However, exposure to total granite dust beyond the respirable size range may separately produce additional lung function loss.
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PMID:Lung function in relation to silicosis and silica exposure in granite workers. 133 Jun 77

Three pulmonary disease conditions result from the accumulation of phospholipids in the lung. These conditions are the human lung disease known as pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, the lipoproteinosis that arises in the lungs of rats during acute silicosis, and the phospholipidoses induced by numerous cationic amphiphilic therapeutic agents. In this paper, the status of phospholipid metabolism in the lungs during the process of each of these lung conditions has been reviewed and possible mechanisms for their establishment are discussed. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is characterized by the accumulation of tubular myelin-like multilamellated structures in the alveoli and distal airways of patients. These structures appear to be formed by a process of spontaneous assembly involving surfactant protein A and surfactant phospholipids. Structures similar to tubular myelin-like multilamellated structures can be seen in the alveoli of rats during acute silicosis and, as with the human condition, both surfactant protein A and surfactant phospholipids accumulate in the alveoli. Excessive accumulation of surfactant protein A and surfactant phospholipids in the alveoli could arise from their overproduction and hypersecretion by a subpopulation of Type II cells that are activated by silica, and possibly other agents. Phospholipidoses caused by cationic amphiphilic therapeutic agents arise as a result of their inhibition of phospholipid catabolism. Inhibition of phospholipases results in the accumulation of phospholipids in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages and other cells. While inhibition of phospholipases by these agents undoubtedly occurs, there are many anomalous features, such as the accumulation of extracellular phospholipids and surfactant protein A, that cannot be accounted for by this simplistic hypothesis.
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PMID:Alveolar proteinosis and phospholipidoses of the lungs. 166 56

In a cross-sectional study of a working population of black South African gold miners, 1,197 men were studied with respiratory and occupational questionnaires, lung function tests, and chest radiographs. The study was designed to examine the effects of silicosis on respiratory symptoms and lung function. A total of 857 men with chronic, simple silicosis and 340 men without silicosis were included in the sample. Other determinants of lung disease including the duration and intensity of underground dust exposure and tobacco smoking were also examined. Three distinct pulmonary disorders could be discerned: silicosis-associated pulmonary dysfunction with dyspnea on effort; chronic airflow limitation, which was related to the duration of underground exposure; and a chronic bronchitic symptom complex, which reflected the intensity of dust exposure in the workplace. Chronic, uncomplicated silicosis was found to be associated with significant loss of lung function, and all of the measured indices, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, maximal midexpiratory flow rate (MMEF), and lung diffusion for carbon monoxide measured by the single-breath method (DLCO) were reduced. When comparing men with Category 3/3 nodule profusion with men without silicosis, reductions of FVC of 351 ml, FEV1 of 447 ml, MMEF of 1.04 L/s, and DLCO of 4.7 ml/min/mm Hg (p = 0.0001) were detected after controlling for age, height, the direct effects of the underground environment, and tobacco smoking. Dyspnea on effort was more common in the men with silicosis (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Silicosis, chronic airflow limitation, and chronic bronchitis in South African gold miners. 174 61

Silicosis is a chronic progressive granulomatous and fibrotic lung disease caused by inhaled silica. Although the causative agent is known, the pathogenesis, especially the immunologic response, is not well understood. We examined two important components of cell-mediated immune responses in the lungs of rats with silica-induced lung disease, i.e., class II (Ia) antigen expression and IL-1 production. The relative density of Ia was examined on isolated alveolar macrophages and type II cells with a solid-phase cellular radioimmunoassay and the percent of Ia positive cells was determined by an indirect immunofluorescent technique. There was a three-fold increase of Ia expression on the alveolar macrophages and nearly a two-fold increase on type II cells from rats with silicosis compared to normal rats. The percent of alveolar type II cells positive for Ia increased by 20%, and the alveolar macrophages increased by 40%. IL-1 in supernatants from cultured alveolar macrophage was measured by the amount of DNA synthesis in an IL-1 dependent cell line (D10). A six-fold increase in IL-1 secretion was noted in macrophage supernatants derived from silica-treated animals. We conclude that in this animal model of silicosis, a local amplification of cell-mediated immune responses may be instrumental in the pathogenesis.
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PMID:Increased expression of class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex on alveolar macrophages and alveolar type II cells and interleukin-1 (IL-1) secretion from alveolar macrophages in an animal model of silicosis. 278 20

Retrospective research has been carried out on the clinical reports of 618 cases of patients suffering from silicosis admitted to the S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital in 1973-1987 (1.4% of all pneumopathy admittances). A comparative evaluation of the five-year periods 1973-77, 1978-82, 1983-87 showed a steady reduction in the percentage of silicosis to total cases (from 1.62% to 1.55% and 1.16%). Among the 618 cases assessed, the following pneumopathies were associated with silicosis either alone or in combination: chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy (89.4%), pulmonary tuberculosis (22.2%), bronchogenic carcinoma (8.4%), acute aspecific infections (26.1%), mycosis (0.6%), sarcoidosis (0.3%), other pneumopathies (1.1%). Comparison between the three five-year periods shows an increase in the frequency of the silicosis-carcinoma association and a fall in the silicosis-tuberculosis and silicosis-COLD associations.
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PMID:[Lung diseases associated with silicosis. Study of 618 cases]. 281 84

Silicosis, a disease of historical importance, continues to occur cryptically today. Its pathogenesis is under ongoing study as new concepts of pathobiology evolve. In this article, the gross and microscopic features of the disease in the lungs and the lesions in lymph nodes and other viscera are described. These tissue changes are then discussed in the context of clinical disease and other possible or established complications of silica exposure (ie, scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, and bronchogenic carcinoma). Silicates are members of a large family of common minerals, some of which have commercial importance. Silicates are less fibrogenic than silica when inhaled into the lungs, but cause characteristic lesions after heavy prolonged exposure. The features of these disease conditions are described herein. Various aspects of the mineralogy and tissue diagnosis of silicosis and lung disease due to silicates are reviewed. An overview of contemporary regulatory considerations is provided.
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PMID:Diseases associated with exposure to silica and nonfibrous silicate minerals. Silicosis and Silicate Disease Committee. 283 5

Silicosis is an interstitial lung disorder that is frequently associated with hypergammaglobulinemia and increased numbers of lymphocytes at sites of disease. To determine the effect of silica on the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells, mononuclear cells were stimulated with antigens or mitogens and placed into 1) high-density cultures (2.5 X 10(6) cells/ml) that were not exposed to silica, in which pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells was suppressed by the presence of monocytes; or 2) low-density cultures (0.5 X 10(6) cells/ml) that were not exposed to silica, in which PWM-induced generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells was not suppressed. Silica added to PWM-stimulated high-density cultures significantly increased the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Silica also significantly increased the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in high-density cultures stimulated with purified protein derivative and tetanus toxoid and augmented the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells (P less than 0.05). In contrast to high-density cultures, silica added with PWM to low-density cultures reduced the numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells. These studies suggest that silica can have potent regulatory effects on various cellular immune processes that are relevant to the lung.
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PMID:Divergent effects of silica on lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin production. 284 Dec 79

The accuracies of chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) in the prediction of specific diagnoses in 118 consecutive patients with chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease (DILD) were compared. The radiographs and CT scans were independently assessed by three observers without knowledge of clinical or pathologic data. The observers listed the three most likely diagnoses in order of probability and recorded the degree of confidence they felt in their first-choice diagnosis on a three-point scale. Confidence level 1 (definite) was reached with 23% of radiographic and 49% of CT scan readings, and the correct diagnosis was made with 77% and 93% of those readings, respectively (P less than .001). The correct first-choice diagnosis regardless of the level of confidence was made with 57% of radiographic and 76% of CT scan readings (P less than .001). The CT scan interpretations were most accurate in silicosis (93%), usual interstitial pneumonia (89%), lymphangitic carcinomatosis (85%), and sarcoidosis (77%). Observers correctly predicted whether a transbronchial or open lung biopsy was indicated with 65% of radiographs and 87% of CT scans (P less than .001). It is recommended that CT be performed before lung biopsy in all patients with chronic DILD.
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PMID:Chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease: comparison of diagnostic accuracy of CT and chest radiography. 292 13

Radiological and scintigraphic findings in 82 patients (58 male, 24 female) were compared. The patients were hospitalised in 1981-86 with sarcoidosis (43 cases), silicosis (26), asbestosis (9) extrinsic allergic alveolitis (3), lung disease caused by hard metals (1). Gallium scintigraphy was positive in 61 patients (74.39%). More precisely, the response was positive in 57 cases in both analogic and quantitative terms and in 4 only quantitatively. The radiological (radiography and stratigraphy) finding was significant in 42 of the 61 gallium-positive cases and negative in the remaining 19. In the 21 gallium-negative cases (25.61%) the radiological finding was significant in 9, negative in 12. The study confirms the real value of gallium scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of interstitial lung disease in line with views presented in the recent literature.
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PMID:[Radioscintigraphic correlation in interstitial pneumopathy. Case presentations]. 357 36


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