Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Crystalline silica (quartz) induces silicosis and associated peripheral lung carcinomas in rats. The role and pattern of expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1/beta2 mRNA transcripts were investigated in the fetal rat lung epithelial cell line FRLE, its neoplastic transformants and derived tumors in athymic nude mice. FRLE cells, treated with 100 microgram/cm2 of quartz in serum-free medium, gave rise to phenotypically altered, tumorigenic cells. Quartz-treated, transformed and tumorigenic cells, subcultured directly (QTT-C1) or after growth in soft agar (QTT-C2), formed tumors in athymic nude mice (QTT-T1). Cells subcultured from the tumors (QTT-T1C) were also tumorigenic in nude mice (QTT-T2). QTT-T1 and QTT-T2 tumors were poorly differentiated carcinomas with variable amounts of extracellular matrix-associated TGF-beta1 and desmoplasia. For comparison, a tumorigenic cell line derived from FRLE cells transformed with a mutated K-ras plasmid (RT-C1) and cells subcultured from a corresponding nude mouse tumor (RT-T1) and designated RT-T1C were used. Whereas TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 inhibited the growth of QTT-T1C and FRLE cells in a dose-dependent fashion, RT-T1C cells, containing an activated ras gene, were relatively unaffected. TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 mRNAs were expressed at higher levels in QTT-T1C cells than in FRLE and TR-T1C cells, and there was an increase in TGF-beta type II receptor (TGR-betaR) mRNA expression in QTT-T1C and RT-T1C cells compared to FRLE cells. Carcinomas in nude mice derived from QTT and RT cells and silicosis-associated lung carcinomas induced in rats by intra-tracheal quartz did not express either active or latent forms of TGF-beta1 protein on immunohistochemistry. The disparity between TGF-beta1 mRNA and TGF-beta1 protein expression in QTT tumors may be due to post-transcriptional regulation of TGF-beta1.
Int J Cancer 1996 Mar 01
PMID:Transforming growth factor beta expression and transformation of rat lung epithelial cells by crystalline silica (quartz). 859 16

Examination of 315 lung cancer patients with silicosis or silicotuberculosis gave grounds for recognition of 3 variants of bronchial stenosis. The efficacy of bronchoscopic techniques was related both to anatomic variant of the tumor and primary tumor position against the involved bronchus lumen. Central peribronchial cancer in silicosis and silicotuberculosis has specific features: combination of true tumor stenosis with false rigidity of the trachea and large bronchi, advanced scar anthracotic deformity of the bronchi and diffuse atrophy of bronchial mucosa, distinctive pattern of metastatic spreading.
 ...
PMID:[Bronchoscopic diagnosis of central peribronchial lung cancer in silicosis and silicotuberculosis]. 865 89

It is assumed that prevention of occupational cancer depends upon dissemination of research findings, resulting in changes in work processes and reduction of occupational exposures to carcinogens. Examples of successes and failures of information dissemination are found in the results of research on silicosis. Better assessment of the effectiveness of information dissemination is needed, along with greater understanding of the barriers to implementation of the information by workers and management and improved hazard surveillance.
 ...
PMID:The importance of information dissemination in the prevention of occupational cancer. 874 86

The relationships between chest radiographs (CXR) and corresponding pathology were investigated in 430 autopsied coal miners from West Virginia. Whole-lung sections were reviewed and graded on four-point severity scales for the following lesions of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP): macules, micro- and macronodules (small and large fibrotic nodules), and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). Antemortem CXR were classified by three B readers using the 1971 International Labor Office (ILO) U/C classification (6). On pathologic examination, 96% of miners had macules, 70% micronodules, 45% macronodules, 15% silicosis, and 28% PMF. By CXR, 69% of the miners had small, rounded opacity profusions of category > or = 0/1. Data analysis revealed increasing odds that small opacities of category > or = 0/1 would be detected with increasing grade of nodules. Profusion category 0/0 was often reported for cases with macules of mild to moderate grade and mild levels of micronodules. Overall, q-type opacities were associated with macules and micronodules, whereas the large r-type opacities were associated with macronodules. By CXR, large opacities showed good correlation with pathologic PMF. However, about one-third of cases identified as having large opacities by CXR were not substantiated as PMF by pathology. One-fourth of these cases could be explained by lung lesions such as Caplan's nodules, tuberculosis scars, and tumors. Similarly, 22% of cases classified as PMF on pathology had no large opacities by CXR. In half of these cases, the radiologists had noted other abnormalities (cancer, tuberculosis) by CXR as large opacities. Overall, the study showed good agreement (Somer's d = 0.64) between the predicted probabilities and observed responses of a profusion category > or = 0/1 for pathologic CWP lesions. However, the study also showed that CXR were insensitive for detecting minimal CWP lesions, and were unreliable indicators in the presence of concomitant pulmonary pathology.
 ...
PMID:Radiographic and pathologic correlation of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. 881 Jun 14

Michigan and New Jersey in the United States maintain silicosis disease registers. In 1988-1992, 372 cases of silicosis were confirmed in Michigan, and, in 1979-1992, 288 were confirmed in New Jersey. A proportionate mortality ratio (PMR) analysis was performed on data from 292 deceased silicotics. Increases in PMR values were found for nonmalignant respiratory disease (NMRD) and lung cancer. The PMR values for NMRD were statistically elevated in all the analyses. The overall proportionate cancer mortality ratio (PCMR) for lung cancer was 1.78 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.22-2.61]. For patients having ever smoked cigarettes, the PCMR for lung cancer was 1.82 (95% CI 1.8-2.81). Never smoking silicotics had a lung cancer PCMR of 1.48 (95% CI 0.43-2.86). For those who had never applied for workers' compensation the corresponding PCMR was higher, 2.10 (95% CI 1.21-3.69), than for those who had applied, 1.45 (95% CI 0.70-2.99).
 ...
PMID:Mortality among persons with silicosis reported to disease surveillance systems in Michigan and New Jersey in the United States. 892 96

Approximately 100 000 Finnish workers are currently employed in jobs and tasks that may involve exposure to airborne silica dust. The major industries involved are mining and quarrying; production of glass, ceramics, bricks and other building materials; metal industry, particularly iron and steel founding; and construction. Over 1500 cases of silicosis have occurred in Finland since 1935. Tuberculosis has been a frequent complication of silicosis. Results of studies from several countries strongly suggest that silica dust also causes lung cancer. The results of the relevant Finnish epidemiologic and industrial hygiene studies addressing cancer risk and exposure to quartz dust are summarized.
 ...
PMID:Silica, silicosis and cancer in Finland. 892 99

Cohorts of Finnish asbestos sprayers and of asbestosis and silicosis patients were followed for cancer with the aid of the Finnish Cancer Registry in the period 1967-1994. Compared with the cancer incidence of the total Finnish population, asbestos sprayers had an increased risk for total cancer (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] 6.7, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.2-10); lung cancer (SIR 17.95% CI 8.2-31); and mesothelioma (SIR 263, 95% CI 85-614). The SIR of the asbestosis patients was 3.7 (95% CI 2.8-5.0) for all sites, 10 (95% CI 6.9-14) for lung cancer, and 65 (95% CI 13-188) for mesothelioma. The silicosis patients also had significantly high SIR values for all sites (1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.1) and lung cancer (2.7, 95% CI 1.5-4.5). The values for the SIR and the standardized mortality ratio for all sites and lung cancer were very similar, and therefore it seems that both are reliable indicators of the occurrence of occupational cancer. It was concluded that pneumoconioses patients and asbestos-exposed workers have a markedly elevated risk for cancer. Asbestos-induced occupational cancers are not only diseases of the elderly, since the relative risk is high also for middle-aged people.
 ...
PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality among Finnish asbestos sprayers and in asbestosis and silicosis patients. 913 Dec 23

Data from nationwide registry-based cohorts of patients hospitalized for silicosis in Sweden from 1965 to 1983 and Denmark from 1977 to 1989 were linked to national cancer registries in both countries and to mortality data in Sweden to evaluate the risk of cancer and other disorders among hospitalized silicotic patients. The overall cancer standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 1.7) in Sweden and 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.3) in Denmark, primarily because of elevations in primary lung cancer in both Sweden (SIR, 3.1; CI, 2.1 to 4.2) and Denmark (SIR, 2.9; CI, 1.5 to 5.2). For Sweden, the all-causes standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 2.0 (1.9 to 2.2). The SMR for all malignancies was 1.5 (1.2 to 1.7), primarily because of excesses of lung cancer (SMR, 2.9; CI, 2.1 to 3.9). The significant increase in mortality for all infectious and parasitic conditions (SMR, 11.2) was primarily due to tuberculosis (SMR, 21.8). Significant excesses in mortality from silicosis (SMR, 523), bronchitis (SMR, 2.6) and emphysema (SMR, 6.7) contributed to the elevation in nonmalignant respiratory deaths (SMR, 8.8), whereas excess mortality from musculoskeletal disorders (SMR, 5.9) was due to six deaths from autoimmune diseases. Despite limitations of the available data, our findings are consistent with previous reports indicating that silicotic patients are at elevated risk of lung cancer, nonmalignant respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, and certain autoimmune disorders.
 ...
PMID:Cancer risk and mortality patterns among silicotic men in Sweden and Denmark. 925 24

From West Texas to West Virginia, from California to New York, in industries from oil refining to coal mining and work settings from foundries to shipyards, the United States is experiencing an epidemic of silicosis, a preventable disease. Silica sand has been linked to cancer, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer has named silica as a probable human carcinogen. This article analyzes the reawakening of national concern about silicosis and the social, economic, and epidemiologic factors that have led scientists, policy makers, industrial hygienist, and labor and industry representatives to reassess the danger that silica sand poses to the health of an estimated two million workers in this country.
 ...
PMID:The reawakening of national concern about silicosis. 967 67

The tuberculin reaction following the intradermal injection of PPD appears 48-72 hours after injection. The positivity is shown by an > 5 mm area of induration of the skin. Tuberculin reaction is an invaluable instrument of epidemiologic investigation. Clinically, the value of tuberculin test, though remarkable, is limited by the fact that its positivity is not necessarily a sign of active tuberculosis. The three control strategies of tuberculosis are: prompt identification and correct management of cases, vaccination, prophylaxis. The latter, that in most cases is performed with isoniazid (300 mg/daily for 12 months) is indicated in the following situations: subjects with > 5 mm tuberculin test; recent contacts with patients with infective tuberculosis; chest X-ray indicative for old fibrotic lesions, HIV infection; subjects with > 10 mm tuberculin test: HIV-negative drug-addicts; clinical conditions at high risk for tuberculosis (e.g. silicosis, hematologic malignancy, iatrogenic immunosuppression).
 ...
PMID:Tuberculin skin test and chemoprophylaxis of tuberculosis. 967 47


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>