Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper presents the results of investigations made at the Laboratory of Environmental Genetics, Medical Genetic Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, to search for the markers of genetic predisposition or resistance to a number of occupational diseases (asbestosis, occupational fluorosis, silicosis, dust-induced bronchitis, bronchial asthma).
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PMID:[Genetic polymorphism and occupational diseases: results of 10-years studies]. 1088 59

The 'Sendzimir' Steel Mill, Cracow, Poland, gives employment to approximately 17,000 workers. During the years 1994-98, 1396 compensation claims for diseases related to occupational hazards were registered. After a scrupulous investigation, 851 cases were certified as occupation-related diseases. Of this number, 481 cases (56.5%) were diagnosed as pulmonary diseases, including silicosis (n = 225, 46.7%); chronic bronchitis (n = 138, 28.7%); lung carcinoma (n = 59, 12.3%); epithelial cancer (n = 42); adenocarcinoma (n = 12); microcellular carcinoma (n = 5); asthma, 12 atopic and 24 non-atopic (n = 36, 7.5%); and asbestosis (n = 23, 4.8%). Chronic bronchitis was diagnosed in patients exposed to industrial dusts, containing SiO2, NOx, and SO2. Asthma occurred most frequently among those exposed mainly to Cr+6, Co and Ni containing dusts, and lung carcinoma in those exposed to policyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benz(a)pyren, asbestos, chromium, vapours of oils and lubricants. In 1994-96, chronic bronchitis and silicosis, and in 1997-98, lung carcinoma and asthma were most frequently diagnosed in the workers under study. It is likely that the diminishing frequency of chronic bronchitis and silicosis was the consequence of technological progress, and greater concern for hygiene standards. Increasing incidence of lung cancer reflects long latency characteristic of this illness.
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PMID:Occurrence of pulmonary diseases in steel mill workers. 1096 40

Human individual sensitivity to health-hazardous occupational factors and probability of developing chronic lung diseases depend on genetic variation of serum and erythrocytic proteins. The present work was aimed at studying the phenotypes of serum and erythrocytic proteins in patients with occupational respiratory diseases. We studied 7 highly polymorphic genetic systems the varieties of which may be connected with development of bronchopulmonary pathology (BPP) and the immune status of the body: proteinase inhibitor (Pi), third component of the complement (C3), transferrin (Tf), group-specific component of blood serum (Gc), haptoglobin (Hp), erythrocytic glyoxalase (Glo) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in patients with chronic bronchitis, silicosis, occupational bronchial asthma and in the control group consisting of Moscow population not exposed to occupational hazards and apparently healthy workers of an engineering plant. Considerable differences were revealed in genetic structure of the patients with bronchopulmonary pathology as compared with the apparently healthy people along a series of Integrated system: proteinase inhibitor (Pi), C3, Tf, Gc, PGM. Comparison of the study groups by significant differences in the aggregate of the genetic information obtained suggests that 5 (HP, C3, Tf, Pl, PGM1) of the 7 studied systems showed the hereditary features of silicosis. The gene carriers Hp*2, C3*F, PGM1*2-, TF*D, GC*R due to peculiar biochemical processes appear to have less adaptive potentialities and a greater likelihood of the disease on exposure to industrial factors. The examined patients with chronic bronchitis showed an increase in the variant of GC*2 and of a rare variants of proteins GC*R and Pi*S, the patients with occupational bronchial asthma showed an increase in the variant of Hp*2 and of a rare variant Pi*S. Such studies could be useful for assessment and forecast of individual risk of occupational diseases.
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PMID:Genetic-biochemical criteria for individual sensitivity in development of occupational bronchopulmonary diseases. 1209 83

Tetrandrine is a principle from a traditional Chinese medicine of the root of Stephania tetrandra S Moore approved by State Drugs Administration of China as a new drug for the treatment of silicosis. Except for its antiinflammatory, antifibrogenetic, immunomodulating effects and antioxidant effects, tetrandrine presents antiallergic effects, inhibitory effects on pulmonary vessels and airway smooth muscle contraction, and platelet aggregation via its nonspecific calcium channel antagonism that suggested its potential in the treatment of asthma, pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In general, the clinical results to date with tetrandrine in asthma and pulmonary hypertension have been exciting. The last 10 years have witnessed great leaps forward in our understanding of the molecular biology and biochemistry of chronic inflammatory diseases as well as the treatment drugs, which may create opportunities for future therapeutic innovation, development of tetrandrine derivatives or new extracts from other Chinese medicine. The current article briefly reviews the basic and clinical pharmacology of tetrandrine as well as the in vitro and in vivo data supporting the view that tetrandrine is as a novel drug for the treatment of silicosis, asthma and pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:Pharmacological actions of tetrandrine in inflammatory pulmonary diseases. 1246 48

Diffuse parenchymal lung disease (also known as interstitial lung disease) and acute irritant reactions are much less commonly managed by primary care physicians than asthma. Acute irritant reactions are typically readily recognized because of the immediate exposure-response relationship. As with asthma, a diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung disease should prompt a careful review of the patient's work history. Findings from history taking and radiography provide most of the data needed to establish a diagnosis of asbestosis or silicosis. A pulmonologist should be consulted about lung disease that eludes diagnosis. In cases in which a link between work and illness is strongly suspected, an occupational medicine specialist may be consulted for assistance with preparing reports for a workers' compensation claim as well as characterizing and quantifying impairment. Various government agencies provide extensive information about specific toxic exposures and occupational lung diseases by telephone and on the World Wide Web.
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PMID:Occupational lung disease. Part 2. Discovering the cause of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. 1271 37

In the second half of the seventies, at the same time as the control of silicosis was achieved thanks to pathogenetic and preventive developments, the major efforts of the Clinica del Lavoro in the pneumological field were focused on studying dose-response relationship in asbestos-exposed subjects. Thus for the first time biological indicators (and not radiological ones) were mentioned for asbestos diseases. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) allowed to compare an internal dose indicator (number of bodies/ml) and schlerogenous effect indicators (dose-response). Our experience over nearly 20 years for exposure assessment in asbestos-related diseases, based on over 500 cases has produced the following results: parenchymial asbestosis is dose-dependent while pleural plaques are dose-independent; epidemiologic data on existence of asbestos resistant subjects were confirmed; asbestos bodies proved to persist in alveolar cavities for several decades. At present, with the ban of asbestos and the increase in forensic medicine cases regarding past asbestos exposures, our Department demonstrated the importance of asbestos body counting in BAL as an objective indicator of asbestos exposure. Besides the asbestos issue, two less frequent work-related diseases were studied and in this regard bronchoalveolar lavage proved to be a substantial diagnostic tool, sometimes even decisive: these were hard metal disease and hypersensitive pneumonitis. In subjects exposed to hard metals, our experience showed the presence of a large lymphocytic alveolitis with CD4+/CD8+ reverse ratio for bronchial asthma and macrophagic-eosinophylic alveolitis characterized by several "bizarre" giant cells in the case of interstitial disease. In extrinsic allergic alveolitis, we noted the presence of a large lymphocytic alveolitis mostly with CD4+/CD8+ reverse ratio, persisting also during clinical remission of the disease.
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PMID:[Clinical research in the field of occupational diseases (pneumonology aspects)]. 1276 56

Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in oxidative stress-related pathologies has recently emerged as a very effective anti-inflammatory intervention in animal models of arthritis, colitis, diabetes and shock. Recent data from three laboratories also support the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation in asthma. Similarly to other inflammatory conditions, the protective effects of PARP inhibition and the PARP-1 knock out phenotype in asthma models have been attributed to inhibition of inflammatory signal transduction (mainly via NF-kappaB) and of oxidative stress-induced cell dysfunction and tissue injury. Here I discuss the complex role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the regulation of inflammatory cell migration, chemokine and cytokine production and expression of other inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinases) in asthma. The role of PARP-1 in other oxidative stress-related lung diseases such as asbestosis, silicosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and ischemia-reperfusion injury is also reviewed.
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PMID:Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in asthma and other lung diseases. 1591 36

Particulates refer to particles, dust, dirt, soot and aerosol mists that has suspended in the surrounding air. They may consist of solids of various forms including fibres or liquids. Long term exposure to silicon dioxide containing dusts (crystalline silica: quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, coesite, stishovite) may cause pneumoconiosis in the form of acute or/either chronic silicosis. Asbestos refers to a divers family of crystalline hydrated fibrous siliates typically exhibiting a greater tha 3:1 length ot diameter ratio. It is subdivided into serpentine (Chrysotile) and amphibole (crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, actinolite). Exposure to asbestos fibres may cause lung fibrosis and promote cancer of the lung or the pleura. Besides the induction of malignant diseases dust exposure may result in obstructive as well as restrictive lung diseases which may be compensate in case of the recognition as a occupational diseases. Other occupational exposures leading to pneumoconiosis are caused be talc, or metals including aluminium containing dusts. Also the group of man-made mineral (MMMFs) or vitreous fibres (MMVFs), including glass wool, rock wool, slag wool, glass filaments, microfibres, refractory ceramic fibres are bioactive under certain experimental conditions. Although it has been shown that MMMFs may cause malignancies when injected intraperitoneally in high quantities in rodents, inhalation trials and human studies could not reproduce these results in the same precision. Fine particles (particulate matter = PM) comprise one of the most widespread and harmful air pollutants in the industrialized world. PM may cause worsening of asthma and other respiratory diseases, reduce lung function development in children, potentially increased the risk of premature death in the elderly and enhance mortality from cardiac diseases. Because of the small size PM2.5 is seen to be even more hazardous than PM10.
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PMID:[Health significance of inhaled particles]. 1654 43

IL-12p40 is known as a component of the bioactive cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 but it is not widely recognized as having intrinsic functional activity. Recent publications have altered this perception and support an independent role for IL-12p40. IL-12p40 is induced in excess over the other subunits of IL-12 and IL-23 and can exist in a monomeric or homodimeric form. Its most widely appreciated function is to provide a negative feedback loop by competitively binding to the IL-12 receptor. However, IL-12p40 acts as a chemoattractant for macrophages and promotes the migration of bacterially stimulated dendritic cells. It is associated with several pathogenic inflammatory responses such as silicosis, graft rejection and asthma but it is also protective in a mycobacterial model. An appreciation of the independent function of IL-12p40 is important for improving our understanding of both protective and pathogenic immune responses.
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PMID:IL-12p40: an inherently agonistic cytokine. 1712 1

Tile workers are exposed to dust particles and are susceptible to multiple pulmonary complications. Problems like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary symptoms, and silicosis are more common among them. As there are many tile factories in Yazd, we decided to evaluate the respiratory symptoms and lung capacities in these workers and compare them with controls. This study included 176 tile and ceramic factory workers occupationally exposed to dust and 115 unexposed workers as controls. We recorded the respiratory symptoms using the British Medical Research Council questionnaire and measured lung capacities of the two groups.All study subjects were male, and the two groups were comparable in age and smoking. The exposed group had frequent respiratory symptoms and a significant relationship between them and duration of employment. In addition, lung capacities in ceramic workers with symptoms were lower than in workers without the symptoms. Even though the respiratory symptoms were more frequent in the exposed group than in controls, lung capacities of the two groups were similar.
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PMID:Evaluation and comparison of respiratory symptoms and lung capacities in tile and ceramic factory workers of Yazd. 1879 87


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