Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Humoral and/or cell-mediated immune responses may contribute to the tissue injury in patients with certain types of occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, silicosis, and asbestosis. Numerous diagnostic modalities are available to the clinician investigating the etiology of these disorders. Among the current immunologic techniques discussed in this article are immunoassays for specific anti-IgE antibody, gel diffusion reactions, immunoelectrophoresis, ANA assays, complement studies, and immune complex assays.
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PMID:Immunologic techniques utilized in the diagnosis of occupational lung disease. 643 25

A study was carried out to determine the health effects of rice husk dust in Malaysian rice millers. The study population consisted of 122 male Malay workers from three rice mills, with 42 controls of similar age, sex, ethnic group, and agricultural work background. Interviews using standardised questionnaires, physical examination, total and differential white cell counts, chest radiographs, and lung function tests were performed on each of the millers and the controls. Environmental dust monitoring was also carried out in the three rice mills. Clinical, haematological, and radiological findings suggest that a distinct clinical syndrome seems to be associated with exposure to rice husk dust. The manifestations of this "rice millers' syndrome" include acute and chronic irritant effects affecting the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract; allergic responses such as nasal catarrh, tightness of chest, asthma, and eosinophilia; and radiological opacities in the chest, probably representing early silicosis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
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PMID:Rice millers' syndrome: a preliminary report. 649 8

The main features of occupational industrial respiratory diseases in Switzerland can be summarized as follows: -Silicosis: 9750 cases from 1930 to 1979. At present low annual incidence (less than 100 cases), age at first diagnosis over 40 years, at death almost 70 years. - Asbestosis: 130 cases from 1939 to 1979. 30 cases of mesothelioma (21 without asbestosis; 9 with), 9 of bronchial carcinoma and 1 of gastric cancer in the 130 cases of asbestosis. - Acute toxic lung (irritant gases such as chlorine, phosgene, nitrous gases), occupational asthma, extrinsic alveolitis and finally occupational chronic bronchitis are the principal diseases also observed.
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PMID:[Current occupational respiratory pathology in Switzerland]. 707 2

Workers smelting sillcochrome and ferrochrome are likely to develop toxic and dust bronchitis besides the silicosis. The clinical syndromes present emphysema, asthma, inflammation, which is due to the chemical composition of the aerosol condensation. Toxic and dust bronchitis usually develop after 18 or more years of service.
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PMID:[Clinical course of toxic dust-induced bronchitis in workers of electric furnaces for ferric chrome and silicone chrome melting]. 780 6

Though metals represent the largest group of elements they rather rarely cause respiratory diseases. This article will therefore review the most important ones caused by inhaled dusts of metals and some of their inorganic compounds, but leaving aside silicosis and silicatosis as well as iatrogenically induced metal pneumopathies. Among toxic inflammatory diseases metal fume fever, an influenza-like condition caused by zinc oxide, ranks as the commonest. Activities such as oxi-acetylene cutting and welding of zinc covered metal pieces account for about 90% of all cases compensated in Switzerland. Due to the non-recurrent character of this type of work, the typical waning of symptoms while exposure is going on has become seldom. Toxic pneumonia caused by inhaled metal fumes occurs rather seldom. However, serious cases have been reported where soldiers were exposed to zinc chloride from smoke bombs. The existence and extent of chronic airflow limitation due to occupational exposure to metallic dusts have not been widely examined but are to be assumed when there is poor occupational hygiene. Concerning asthma, there are at least four metals and several of their compounds which have been proven to cause variable airway narrowing, namely chromium, nickel, platinum and cobalt (the latter as hardmetal). Platinum complex salts (chloro-compounds) are very potent sensitizers leading to a notable prevalence of asthma among exposed workforces. Nevertheless, there have been no such cases in Switzerland for more than ten years. Hard-metal not only causes asthma but also an alveolitis-like interstitial lung disease progressing to fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lung disorders due to metals]. 789 59

This review deals with some of the emerging events that are assuming increasing relevance as work-related respiratory diseases (indoor air pollution and sick building syndrome, respiratory toxicity of formaldehyde, pollutant-induced asthma, dental technician lung diseases, lung cancer from diesel exhaust, environmental silicosis). The industrial hygienist's role in recognition, evaluation, and control of health hazards is stressed as an essential contribution to both prevention and diagnosis of occupational lung disease.
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PMID:New trends in occupational and environmental diseases: the role of the occupational hygienist in recognizing lung diseases. 808 23

Sixty patients diagnosed as having chronic respiratory diseases were surveyed in order to establish how many knew the name of their disease, the medications they were taking, the name of the medical specialty dedicated to treating their condition and the nature of spirometry. Only 23 patients (38%) knew the name of their disease; among them were all those suffering asthma or silicosis, but only 24% of those with other diseases. Thirty-three (55%) were unable to name their medications. Only 22% knew what a pneumologist does or could define spirometry, although at least 45% of these patients had undergone the procedure. The majority, on the other hand, knew what a cardiologist (70%) does and what an electrocardiogram (80%) is. A large number of patients with chronic respiratory diseases know very little about basic aspects of their conditions. Use of correct terminology appears to be necessary if patient knowledge is to increase.
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PMID:[A survey of the basic knowledge of chronic respiratory patients]. 818 10

Occupational respiratory disease statistics in Singapore from 1970 to 1993 were reviewed. Silicosis was the most common occupational respiratory disease in the 1970s and 1980s. About 78% of the cases were from granite quarries. With progressive reduction in dust levels and the closure of some quarries, there has been a decline in cases. From 1990 to 1993, occupational asthma was the most common occupational respiratory disease and more cases are expected with increasing awareness of the condition. The most common causative agent was isocyanates accounting for about 34% of cases. Of the asbestosis and malignant mesothelioma cases, about 70%-80% were from the one and only asbestos cement factory. With the closure of this factory and the increasing restrictions on the use of asbestos, cases of asbestosis are expected to decline in the long term. However, malignant mesothelioma cases may continue to surface because of the long latent period and the potential risk with low and brief exposures to asbestos. It is important to probe for possible occupational exposures (both present and past) in a patient with respiratory symptoms or disease.
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PMID:Occupational respiratory diseases in Singapore. 894 54

Pneumonitis is emerging as one of the most unpredictable and potentially serious, adverse effects of treatment with MTX. Its prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been estimated from several retrospective and prospective studies to range from 0.3% to 18%. On the other hand, MTX-induced pneumonitis seems to be very rare in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Our review of 194 RA patients and 38 PsA patients receiving MTX has identified four RA patients and one PsA patient with MTX-induced pneumonitis, giving a prevalence of 2.1% and 0.03%, respectively. Diagnosis was suggested by clinical history and radiographic findings, but the bronchoalveolar lavage plays an important role both in excluding infectious agents and in providing information for understanding the pathogenesis of lung injury. The presence of a lymphocyte alveolitis with a predominance of CD4+ T cells in 3 RA patients and CD8+ T cells with a concomitant increase in neutrophils in another case suggests that immunologically mediated reactions may be one damage mechanism in MTX-induced pneumonitis. Although risk factors for MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity are poorly understood, the presence in 3 out of 5 of our patients of pre-existing lung disease, represented by diffuse interstitial changes on chest X-ray, and mild bronchial asthma in two RA patients and by pulmonary silicosis in the patient with PsA may account for a predisposition to the development of MTX pneumonitis.
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PMID:Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: report of five cases and review of the literature. 918 69

The objective of this study was to explore whether a medical history for non-malignant respiratory disease contributes to an increased lung cancer risk among workers exposed to silica. We analyzed data from a nested case-control study in 29 dusty workplaces in China. The study population consisted of 316 lung cancer cases and 1356 controls matched to cases by facility type and decade of birth who were alive at the time of diagnosis of the index case and who were identified in a follow-up study of about 68,000 workers. Age at first exposure and cigarette smoking were accounted for in the analysis. Smoking was the main risk factor for both lung cancer and chronic bronchitis. Lung cancer risk showed a modest association with silicosis and with cumulative silica exposure, which did not vary by history of previous pulmonary tuberculosis. Among subjects without a medical history for chronic bronchitis or asthma, lung cancer risk was associated with silicosis (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.2), and it was increased in each quartile of cumulative silica exposure. However, risk was not elevated in the highest quartile (OR, 1.3, 1.6, 1.8, 1.4). Among subjects with a medical history for chronic bronchitis or asthma, lung cancer risk was associated with neither silicosis (subjects with chronic bronchitis: OR, 0.6; subjects with asthma: OR, 0.4) nor with silica exposure. In this study population, we observed a modest association of both silicosis and cumulative exposure to silica with lung cancer among subjects who were not previously diagnosed with chronic bronchitis or asthma, but not among subjects who had a medical history for either disease. Risk of lung cancer associated with silicosis or cumulative exposure to silica did not vary by previous medical history of pulmonary tuberculosis.
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PMID:Non-malignant respiratory diseases and lung cancer among Chinese workers exposed to silica. 1087 57


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