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Query: UMLS:C0037116 (silicosis)
 1,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

38 cases of pneumoconiotic pathologic slides have been reexamined by polarized microscopy, among this, 3 cases (every 1 case of silicosis, asbestosis, cement dusts pneumoconiosis) have investigated by analytic electron microscopy. Authors presented, crystal silica and asbestos fiber may be showing under polarized light, and often associated with carbon dusts or fibrotic proliferation. So that, polarized microscopy may be as a preliminary detect method for silica and uncoated asbestos fiber from histologic slide, according to its dimension, color, lightness, morphologic feature and position were differential diagnosis from other positive substance under routine pathologic examination, further demonstration must to be reduced to ashes and re-observation under polarized microscopy. Also we selected 3 cases of silicosis, asbestosis, cement dusts pneumoconiosis specimen prepared to ultramicrotomic slides and examined by H-800 electron microscopy, when discovered some particles (such as crystal, non-crystal or fibrotic dusts) in cytoplasm of macrophages or interstitial space then used EDAX estimated. Its elements distribution were conformity with dusts (silica, asbestos, cement dusts).
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PMID:[Application of polarized microscopy and analytic electron microscopy in pneumoconiotic pathologic examination]. 279 Nov 25

The pneumoconioses, interstitial lung disorders resulting from the inhalation of inorganic dusts, are associated with chronic inflammatory processes in the lower respiratory tract. To characterize these inflammatory processes in relation to the pathogenesis of these disorders, we studied 39 nonsmoking individuals with long-term occupational exposures to inorganic dust and functional evidence of interstitial disease (asbestosis, n = 18; coal workers' pneumoconiosis, n = 15; silicosis, n = 6). In all 3 disorders, the inflammation was dominated by alveolar macrophages. Because a common feature of these interstitial lung diseases is concurrent injury and fibrosis of alveolar walls, we assessed whether these alveolar macrophages were spontaneously releasing mediators capable of giving rise to these changes. Alveolar macrophages from the study population were spontaneously releasing increased amounts of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (both p less than 0.01 compared to normals), oxidants capable of injuring lung parenchymal cells. The alveolar macrophages were also spontaneously releasing significantly increased amounts of fibronectin and alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor (both p less than 0.01 compared to normals), mediators that act synergistically to signal fibroblast replication. Taken together, these findings define a major role for the alveolar macrophage in mediating the alveolar wall injury and fibrosis that characterize the common pneumoconioses and suggest that the alveolar macrophage is an important "target" for developing strategies designed to prevent loss of lung function in these individuals.
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PMID:Characterization of the lower respiratory tract inflammation of nonsmoking individuals with interstitial lung disease associated with chronic inhalation of inorganic dusts. 282 69

One hundred and sixty-four patients with pulmonary fibrosis were examined by CT and by conventional radiological methods. Sixty patients had asbestosis, thirty-nine silicosis, forty sarcoidosis and twenty-five had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. CT is superior to conventional radiography in evaluating interstitial pulmonary changes, particularly of the pleura and the lung parenchyma. Areas of fibrosis and of emphysema can be demonstrated without any overlap. In sixty-nine patients there were some findings which could only be demonstrated by CT. In asbestosis, silicosis and sarcoidosis the CT classification of the lung parenchyma which we have suggested produces significantly better correlation with vital capacity than can be achieved from conventional chest films, according to the guide-lines of the I.L.O.
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PMID:[Computed tomography and conventional x-ray diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases]. 284 73

A review is given on S-angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) and its clinical value, based upon 327 sarcoidosis patients and 1,274 patients with various disorders. SACE was elevated in 55% of the sarcoidosis patients, although with a higher frequency in those with active disease. Erythema nodosum was associated with normal initial SACE, subsequently rising, and sarcoid hypercalcaemia was consistently followed by elevated SACE. In non-sarcoid patients, elevated SACE was observed in only 10 cases. The sensitivity and specificity were 0.55 and 0.99, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 0.95 and 0.90, respectively. Elevated SACE pointed strongly towards the presence of sarcoidosis, although reservations must be made in patients with liver disorders, diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, asbestosis or silicosis which are rather common disorders also associated with elevated SACE. Normal SACE does not exclude sarcoidosis.
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PMID:Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in sarcoidosis and other disorders. 303 89

Computerized hospital discharge diagnoses are useful for occupational disease surveillance. One thousand one hundred twenty-six individuals with asbestosis and 268 individuals with silicosis were identified in New Jersey for the four-year period 1979-1982. Computer-generated maps help to dramatize the localization of these conditions to certain geographic areas. The attributes and limitations of using hospital discharge diagnoses for occupational disease surveillance are discussed: initial follow-up data are presented for individuals with silicosis.
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PMID:Use of hospital discharge data in the surveillance of occupational disease. 335 80

A retrospective study of 561 patients with silicosis and 234 with asbestosis was performed to assess whether lung function decline in five years is related to the type (restrictive or obstructive) and/or to the degree of initial damage. Based on lung function tests, three groups of patients were identified: NC with normal lung function tests, CR with restrictive impairment and CO with airway obstruction. The degree of impairment was classified as mild, moderate and severe. Patients were considered worse if five years later they presented a higher degree of impairment. The prevalence of CR was significantly higher in asbestosis, that of NC and CO in silicosis (p less than 0.01). Among subjects with normal starting lung function, 9% only developed CR or CO 5 years later. The prevalence of subjects with worsened lung function in the CR groups was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in asbestotics (36%) than in silicotics (14%) and was closely related to starting functional impairment. In the CO group the prevalence of worsened subjects was significantly higher than in CR (p less than 0.001), similar in the two diseases and independent of starting lung impairment.
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PMID:[Respiratory functional decline after 5 years in patients with silicosis and asbestosis]. 343 30

Four distinct forms of pulmonary disease caused by talc have been defined. The first form, talcosilicosis, is caused by talc mined with high-silica-content mineral. Findings in this form are identical with those of silicosis. Talcoasbestosis closely resembles asbestosis and is produced by crystalline talc, generally inhaled with asbestos fibers. Pathologic and radiographic abnormalities are virtually identical with those of asbestosis, including calcifications and malignant tumor formation. The third form, talcosis, caused by inhalation of pure talc, may include acute or chronic bronchitis as well as interstitial inflammation; radiographically, it appears as interstitial reticulations or small, irregular nodules, typical of small-airway obstruction. The fourth form, due to intravenous administration of talc, is usually associated with abuse of oral medications and production of vascular granulomas manifested by consolidations, large nodules, and masses. Radiographic abnormalities associated with talc can be predicted when there is sufficient history of the nature of exposure, including the region of origin of the talc in cases of inhalation. Radiographic changes, such as diaphragmatic plaques, often attributed to both talc and asbestos have not been documented to be caused by talc alone. The author provides review of 18 well-documented cases.
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PMID:Talc: understanding its manifestations in the chest. 348 79

Current topics for occupational and environmental medicine and physiology in the U.S.A., especially in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the University of California, San Francisco, are reviewed. Reduction of the rate for occupational lung diseases is one of the national objectives for occupational safety and health in the U.S.A., and NIOSH has rated it as the top disease of ten-leading work-related diseases and injuries. Current topics for occupational lung diseases--asbestosis, byssinosis, silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, lung cancer, and occupational asthma & hyperreactivity, and for pathophysiology of airway hyperreactiveness and pulmonary edema are discussed.
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PMID:[Current topics for occupational and environmental medicine and physiology in the U.S.A.--with special reference to occupational lung diseases]. 352 79

Radiological and scintigraphic findings in 82 patients (58 male, 24 female) were compared. The patients were hospitalised in 1981-86 with sarcoidosis (43 cases), silicosis (26), asbestosis (9) extrinsic allergic alveolitis (3), lung disease caused by hard metals (1). Gallium scintigraphy was positive in 61 patients (74.39%). More precisely, the response was positive in 57 cases in both analogic and quantitative terms and in 4 only quantitatively. The radiological (radiography and stratigraphy) finding was significant in 42 of the 61 gallium-positive cases and negative in the remaining 19. In the 21 gallium-negative cases (25.61%) the radiological finding was significant in 9, negative in 12. The study confirms the real value of gallium scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of interstitial lung disease in line with views presented in the recent literature.
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PMID:[Radioscintigraphic correlation in interstitial pneumopathy. Case presentations]. 357 36

Data on the cytology of BAL performed on 8 silicosis and 5 asbestosis patients with different degrees of radiological profusion and functional impairment are examined. The prevalently neutrophilic alveolitis reported in the literature in these forms of pneumoconiosis is confirmed, while differences were found between the percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations in the two diseases.
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PMID:[Data on cellular subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage in silicosis and asbestosis patients. Case contribution]. 367 Jun 90


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