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Query: UMLS:C0037090 (Respiratory symptoms)
 467 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Respiratory symptoms and abnormalities of lung function were studied in 84 female and 27 male hemp workers employed in two textile mills (A and B) processing soft hemp (C sativa). In mill A 46 women and 27 men were investigated and 38 female workers were studied in mill B. Forty nine women and 30 men from a non-dusty industry served as controls. A significantly higher prevalence of almost all chronic respiratory symptoms was found in female hemp workers when compared to control workers. Among the men these differences were significant for nasal catarrh and sinusitis. A high prevalence of byssinosis was found among female hemp workers in both mills (group A, 47.8%; group B, 57.9%) as well as in the male workers (66.7%). Statistically significant across shift reductions in lung function were found for all ventilatory capacity measurements in female and male hemp workers varying from 7.1% for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to 15.1% for flow rates at 50% vital capacity (FEF50). Measured Monday baseline values before the work shift were significantly lower than expected for hemp workers, being particularly reduced for FEF25 and FEF50. The data suggest that occupational exposure to hemp dust is a significant risk factor for the development of acute and chronic lung disease in workers employed in this textile industry.
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PMID:Respiratory symptoms and lung function in hemp workers. 220 34

A cohort of both active and retired older cotton textile workers was examined prospectively over a 6-year period to establish the nature and extent of chronic lung disease. Respiratory symptoms and lung function were studied in these workers and in a group of similarly aged controls. The cotton textile workers had higher prevalence and attack rates of respiratory symptoms than did controls even with smoking habits taken into account. Chronic bronchitis developed in 16% of all cotton textile workers compared to 1% of controls over the follow-up period (p less than 0.001). The cotton workers suffered a larger loss of lung function over 6 years than did controls. Male workers lost 42 mL/yr of forced expiratory volume in 1 second, although male controls lost only 25 mL/yr (p = 0.001). Similar differences were seen in women, and in both men and women who were nonsmokers. Retired cotton textile workers had more symptoms and disability than active workers. We conclude that chronic lung disease is not only irreversible but may progress even after exposure to cotton dust has ended.
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PMID:A prospective study of chronic lung disease in cotton textile workers. 713 30

The Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Early Intervention Trial, or Lung Health Study, is a multicenter randomized clinical trial sponsored by the Division of Lung Diseases of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The hypothesis being tested is that over a 5-year period, a comprehensive intervention program can reduce both the rate of decline in pulmonary function and the rates of respiratory morbidity and mortality in middle-aged smokers with mild to moderate airflow obstruction. The primary outcome variable of the trial is the annual rate of decline of maximum postbronchodilator FEV1. Secondary outcomes are the development of respiratory and nonrespiratory morbidity and mortality. After screening 73,694 cigarette smokers, aged 35 to 60 years, 5,887 participants were randomized into three equal groups: usual care, smoking intervention with daily use of a metered-dose inhaler with ipratropium bromide, and smoking intervention with inhalation of placebo. Eligible participants had a ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) of 70 percent or less, were free of known life-limiting conditions, expressed willingness to enter the intervention program if so randomized, and gave written informed consent prior to entry into the trial. Spirometry, methacholine challenge, and questionnaires were strictly standardized within and across centers. The purpose of this report is to describe the characteristics of randomized participants at the time of entry into the study. For both sexes, three measures of lung function--average cross-sectional FEV1/FVC ratio, FEV1, and FEV1 percentage of predicted normal--showed slight downward trends for each successively older 5-year age cohort. The increase in FEV1 after isoproterenol was 15 percent or more in only 2.4 percent of men and 2.8 percent of women. A positive response to methacholine (defined as a fall in FEV1 of > 20 percent from baseline at concentrations up to 25 mg/ml) occurred in 63 percent of men and 87 percent of women. The cross-sectional prevalences of cough, phlegm, wheeze on most days or nights, and shortness of breath were 49 percent, 43 percent, 32 percent, and 43 percent, respectively. Respiratory symptoms were reported by a higher proportion of participants in the younger age groups than in the older age groups. Participants who reported cough, phlegm, and/or wheeze averaged lower FEV1 percent predicted and higher probability of positive response to methacholine than participants who did not. Shortness of breath appeared to be significantly associated with lower lung function and higher reactivity in men but not in women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Early Intervention Trial (Lung Health Study). Baseline characteristics of randomized participants. 840 77

Pulmonary disease is a rare manifestation of tuberous sclerosis. Respiratory symptoms often progress to severe pulmonary insufficiency and death may ensue within a few years of diagnosis. We describe a case where a computerized tomographic scan aided early diagnosis in a patient with spontaneous pneumothorax and subtle, nonspecific changes on a plain x-ray film.
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PMID:Computed tomography in pulmonary tuberous sclerosis. 844 98

Respiratory symptoms are the most common cause of general practitioner (GP) consultation, and hospital-based specialists are often called on to provide management guidelines, particularly in the area of antibiotic prescribing. The present authors have assessed factors associated with antibiotic use by 115 GPs when managing 1089 adults with an acute lower respiratory tract illness, including cough. They prescribed antibiotics to three-quarters of patients, but felt antibiotics to be definitely indicated in less than one-third of these cases and not needed in one-fifth. Univariate analysis revealed that antibiotics were prescribed more frequently by older GPs for older patients in the presence of underlying disease, discoloured sputum, shortness of breath, wheeze, fever, signs on chest examination, and 'other factors'. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed an independent effect for all these findings except for the presence of underlying disease, shortness of breath and wheeze. 'Other factors' included patient 'pressure' and social factors, and GP work pressure or prior experience with the patient. These factors were an important influence on prescribing, especially if the GP felt an antibiotic was not indicated. Amoxycillin was the first choice (58% of total) except where the patient had recently received antibiotics for the same illness. Broader spectrum antibiotics were used more commonly in patients with chronic lung disease, discoloured sputum, chest signs on examination and where the GP felt antibiotics were indicated. However, these antibiotics were also prescribed to 14% of previously well patients. General practitioners used a wide variety of terms to describe the illness with little consistency or structure. The decision concerning the use and choice of antibiotics and the confidence with which the GP makes that decision is a complex interaction between patient, doctor and disease, being affected not only by clinical features but also by the social and psychological elements of the presenting problem. Such issues need to be appreciated by hospital specialists when called on to advise on developing relevant guidelines for primary care.
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PMID:Contemporary use of antibiotics in 1089 adults presenting with acute lower respiratory tract illness in general practice in the U.K.: implications for developing management guidelines. 932 45

There is evidence that the origin of obstructive lung disease may be traced back to foetal life. The associations between birth characteristics and asthma symptoms were studied in a random population sample of young Norwegian adults. Respiratory symptoms were recorded in a population-based questionnaire survey. The records of all subjects aged 20-24 yrs were linked with the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Of 868 subjects born in Norway, there were 690 (79%) responders. The associations between asthma symptoms and birth characteristics were analysed by logistic regression, adjusted for possible confounding factors. Asthma symptoms in young adults were inversely associated with birth weight (odds ratio (OR)wheeze=0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.69-0.96x500 g increase in birth weight(-1))), and after adjustment for gestational age, birth length, parity and maternal age (ORwheeze=0.69; 95% CI=0.50-0.95x500 g increase in birth weight(-1)). The association did not vary according to adult smoking habits or atopic status and remained when premature and low weight births were excluded (ORwheeze=0.73; 95% CI=0.60-0.90x500 g increase in birth weight(-1)). The association was consistent for all asthma symptoms. Adjusted for birth weight, asthma symptoms were further associated with low gestational age, high birth length and low maternal age. In a random sample of young adults, asthma symptoms were strongly associated with low birth weight, an association driven by the full-term births within the normal birth weight range. The findings show that the risk for adult asthma is partly established early in life and suggest that poor intrauterine growth is involved in the aetiology of asthma.
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PMID:Birth characteristics and asthma symptoms in young adults: results from a population-based cohort study in Norway. 987 92

The pulmonary associations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are poorly characterized. The clinical, physiological and high-resolution computed tomographic thorax characteristics of the lung disease in patients with IBD presenting with respiratory symptoms are described. Detailed clinical information was obtained and standard pulmonary physiological tests and thorax high-resolution computed tomography performed on 14 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and three with Crohn's disease (CD), 10 male, aged 38-83 yrs. Respiratory symptoms had been present for 2-50 yrs and extraintestinal manifestations were present in three (17.6%). Normal pulmonary physiology (six patients) was associated with the high resolution computed tomographic changes of bronchiectasis, mosaic perfusion and air trapping suggestive of obliterative bronchiolitis and a pattern of centrilobular nodules and branching linear opacities ("tree in bud" appearance) suggestive of either cellular bronchiolitis or bronchiolectasis with mucoid secretions. Bronchiectasis was found in 13 patients (11 UC, 2 CD), 11 had air trapping and five had a "tree in bud" appearance on computed tomography. One patient had a predominantly peripheral reticular pattern at the lung bases similar to that found in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and one patient had a mixed reticular and ground-glass pattern in the midzones with a patchy distribution in the central and peripheral portions of the lungs with air trapping. Eleven patients (three with alveolitis) exhibited a clinical and/or physiological response to steroids. Pulmonary abnormalities in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease can present years after the onset of the bowel disease and can affect any part of the lungs. Early recognition is important as they can be strikingly steroid-responsive.
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PMID:Clinical and radiological characteristics of lung disease in inflammatory bowel disease. 1067 19

Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with increased respiratory symptoms and decreases in lung function in children. Respiratory symptoms in healthy children are usually nonspecific and not severe. Lower respiratory symptoms and extra use of bronchodilators will increase by about one-third with exposure to peak levels of ozone in children with asthma. Similarly, sulphates will increase the use of medication and decrease lung function in asthmatic children. Hospital and outpatient admissions for children with pre-existing asthma may be increased in the range of 20% with acute exposure to ambient ozone peaks and possibly with increased sulphur dioxide (SO2). Short-term nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure from indoor and outdoor sources has been associated with nonspecific respiratory symptoms and decreased lung function, again particularly in children with pre-existing asthma. No effect on hospital admissions has been documented. Chronic exposure to respirable particles, SO2 and NO2 is associated with up to three-fold increases in nonspecific chronic respiratory symptoms. Exposure to high traffic flow and, in particular, truck traffic and diesel exhaust leads to significant increases in respiratory symptoms and decreases in lung function, while no clear effect on the inception of asthma has been documented. It appears unlikely that long-term exposure to pollutants or irritants is responsible for the increase in asthma and allergy observed in many countries. However, although the effect of air pollution is small in most children, it has a significant influence on the health of children with pre-existing lung disease. Owing to the large number of individuals exposed this results in a considerable burden for the health system.
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PMID:Environmental air pollution and lung disease in children. 1069 14

A substudy analysis was conducted to determine the clinical characteristics associated with symptomatic, laboratory-documented influenza (LDI) among 2215 veterans with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who participated in Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study 448 and who received trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine with or without intranasal live-attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine. Of 585 evaluable first occurrences of acute respiratory illnesses, 94 (16%) were LDI. Respiratory symptoms of cough, sputum production, and dyspnea occurred in >90% of patients with LDI; 68% had documented or subjective fever, and 81% had myalgias. Stepwise logistic regression identified only fever and myalgia as being statistically associated with LDI. During the influenza outbreak period, the positive predictive value of fever and myalgia was 41%. Clinical criteria were poor predictors of LDI in these older, vaccinated patients with chronic lung disease. Additional studies are warranted to define optimal methods for the diagnosis of influenza among older persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Recognizing influenza in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who have received influenza vaccine. 1252 48

The importance of occupational exposure to airborne agents in the development of obstructive lung disease is uncertain. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of smoking and of occupational exposure on the lung function and chronic respiratory symptoms. I studied a group of 1239 adults (766 men and 473 women; mean age 44.9 +/- 8.6 yrs; current smokers 42.1%, lifetime nonsmokers 41.6%) working in 5 factories in the Bielsko-Biala area. Simple spirometric test (FEV1, FVC, FEV1%FVC) and a questionnaire on chronic respiratory symptoms, smoking habits and occupational exposures were applied. Respiratory symptoms and lung function were studied in relation to years of occupational exposure and adjusted for smoking habit. Occupational exposure was reported by 35.7% (n = 442) participants (dust 20.6%; gases or fumes 27.6%; mixed exposure 51.8%), with a mean duration of 20.9 +/- 9.2 years. In all cases concentrations of noxious agents did not exceed allowed levels. The symptoms of chronic bronchitis (cough and phlegm) were present in 12.3% and airflow limitation (FEV1% FVC < 0.7) in 6.9% of subjects. The significant relation of respiratory symptoms and bronchial obstruction to smoking was confirmed. No significant association between occupational exposure and ventilatory function or respiratory symptoms was found in a whole group. Smoking--specific analysis showed that current smokers appeared to be more susceptible to the effects of professional exposure. It was expressed in lower lung function indices and significantly higher odds ratios for airflow limitation or chronic respiratory symptoms for smokers exposed compared to nonexposed. Sufficient evidence of health selection processes known as a "healthy smoker" and a "healthy worker" effects were revealed.
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PMID:[Effect of occupational exposure and smoking on spirometric tests and symptoms of chronic bronchitis]. 1505 79


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