Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarian bacterium that causes septicemia and serious wound infection. The cytolysin, one of the important virulence determinants in V. vulnificus infection, has been reported to have lethal activity primarily by increasing pulmonary vascular permeability. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of V. vulnificus cytolysin in cultured pulmonary artery endothelial (CPAE) cells, which are possible target cells of cytolysin in vivo. V. vulnificus cytolysin caused the CPAE cell damages with elevation of the cytosolic free Ca2+, DNA fragmentation, and decrease of the cellular NAD+ and ATP level. These cytotoxic effects of V. vulnificus cytolysin were prevented by EGTA and aminobenzamide, but were not affected by verapamil or catalase. These results indicate that the elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ induced by V. vulnificus cytolysin causes the increase of DNA fragmentation and the damaged DNA activates nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, which depletes the cellular NAD+ and ATP, resulting in cell death.
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PMID:Cytotoxic mechanism of Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin in CPAE cells. 1200 77

Although the precise mechanism by which sepsis causes impairment of respiratory muscle contractility has not been fully elucidated, oxygen-derived free radicals are thought to play an important role. In our experimental study, the effects of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) inhibition on the diaphragmatic Ca(2+)-ATPase, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels and additionally histopathology of the diaphragm in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia are investigated.Thirty-two male Wistar rats, weighing between 180-200 g were randomly divided into four groups. The first group (control; n=8) received saline solution and the second (LPS group; n=8) 10 mgkg(-1) LPS i.p. 3-Aminobenzamide (3-AB) as a PARS inhibitor; was given to the third group (C+3-AB, n=8) 20 min before administration of saline solution while the fourth group (LPS+3-AB, n=8) received 3-AB 20 min before LPS injection. Six hours later, under ketamin/xylasine anesthesia diapraghmatic specimens were obtained and the rats were decapitated. Diaphragmatic specimens were divided into four parts, three for biochemical analyses and one for histopathologic assessment. In the LPS group, tissue Ca(2+)-ATPase levels were found to be decreased and tissue MDA and 3-NT levels were found to be increased (P<0.05). In the LPS+3-AB group, 3-AB pretreatment inhibited the increase in MDA and 3-NT levels and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity remained similar to those in the control group (P<0.05). Histopathologic examination of diaphragm showed edema between muscle fibers only in LPS group. PARS inhibition with 3-AB prevented not only lipid peroxidation but also the decrease of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in endotoxemia. These results highlights the importance of nitric oxide (NO)-peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-PARS pathway in preventing free radical mediated injury. PARS inhibitors should further be investigated as a new thearapetic alternative in sepsis treatment.
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PMID:Poly(Adp-ribose) synthetase inhibition prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced peroxynitrite mediated damage in diaphragm. 1220 23

In this lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia model, the effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), a poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) inhibitor, on ileal apoptosis were evaluated by light microscopy and M30 cell death staining. Moreover, the relationship between Bcl-2, iNOS expression, and serum nitrate (NO(3)(-)) levels were investigated. Thirty-two male Wistar rats, weighing 180-220g were randomly divided into four groups. The group I (control; n=8) received saline and group II (sepsis; n=8) received 10 mg kg(-1) LPS intraperitoneally. 3-AB was given to the group IV (S+3-AB; n=8) 20 min before giving LPS and to the group III (C+3-AB; n=8) 20 min before giving saline. Six hours later, blood and ileum samples were taken. Endotoxemic group exhibited significant apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and the immunohistochemical examination with M30 was demonstrated that the 3-AB reduced the LPS-induced intestinal apoptosis. Serum NO(3)(-) level was increased in endotoxemic group, whereas the elevation of NO(3)(-) level was prevented in LPS+3-AB group (P<0.05). The increased iNOS expression observed in the LPS group was also prevented by 3-AB. Compared with the endotoxemic group, ileal epithelial columnar cells from LPS+3-AB group had a dense Bcl-2 staining which was almost identical with control. In conclusion, 3-AB decreases LPS-induced apoptosis in ileum by preventing LPS-induced depletion of Bcl-2 and blocking iNOS gene. Modification of Bcl-2 expression by PARS inhibitors should further be investigated as a new therapeutic alternatives in septic states.
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PMID:The role of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibition in preventing endotoxemia-induced intestinal epithelial apoptosis. 1222 Sep 50

Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor that controls the expression of several genes involved in metabolic homeostasis. We investigated the role of PPARgamma during the inflammatory response in sepsis by the use of the PPARgamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) and ciglitazone. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats and was associated with hypotension, multiple organ failure, and 50% mortality. PPARgamma expression was markedly reduced in lung and thoracic aorta after sepsis. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in thoracic aortas. Plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 were increased. Elevated activity of myeloperoxidase was found in lung, colon, and liver, indicating a massive infiltration of neutrophils. These events were preceded by degradation of inhibitor kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha), activation of IkappaB kinase complex, and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and, subsequently, activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in the lung. In vivo treatment with ciglitazone or 15d-PGJ(2) ameliorated hypotension and survival, blunted cytokine production, and reduced neutrophil infiltration in lung, colon, and liver. These beneficial effects of the PPARgamma ligands were associated with the reduction of IkappaB kinase complex and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activation and the reduction of NF-kappaB and AP-1 DNA binding in the lung. Furthermore, treatment with ciglitazone or 15d-PGJ(2) up-regulated the expression of PPARgamma in lung and thoracic aorta and abolished nitrotyrosine formation and poly(ADP-ribose) expression in aorta. Our data suggest that PPARgamma ligands attenuate the inflammatory response in sepsis through regulation of the NF-kappaB and AP-1 pathways.
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PMID:Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone, reduce systemic inflammation in polymicrobial sepsis by modulation of signal transduction pathways. 1466 89

Oxidative and nitrosative stressor agents can trigger DNA strand breakage, which then activates the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS). Activation of the enzyme depletes the intracellular concentration of energetic substrates such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This process can result in cell dysfunction and cell death. PARS inhibitors have been successfully used in ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation and sepsis in several experimental models. In our experimental study, we investigated the role of 3-aminobeanzamide (3-AB), a non-specific PARS inhibitor, on the intestinal mucosal barrier after burn injury. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. The sham group (n = 8) was exposed to 21 degrees C water while the burn group (n = 8) and the burn + 3-AB group (n = 9) were exposed to boiling water for 12s to produce a full thickness burn in 35-40% of total body surface area. In the burn + 3-AB group, 10mg/kg of 3-AB was given intraperitoneally 10min before thermal injury. Twenty-four hours later, tissue samples from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen and liver were obtained under sterile conditions for microbiological analysis and ileum samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological analysis. In burn group, the incidence of bacteria isolated from MLN and spleen was significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). 3-AB pre-treatment prevented burn induced bacterial translocation and it significantly reduced burn induced intestinal injury. Tissue malondialdehyde and 3-nitrotyrozine levels were found significantly lower than that of the burn group. These data suggest that the relationship between PARS pathway and lipid peroxidation in intestinal tissue and PARS has a role in intestinal injury caused by thermal injury.
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PMID:The role of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibition on the intestinal mucosal barrier after thermal injury. 1555 90