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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several neurological disorders have been associated with coeliac disease, including epilepsy, ataxia and neuropathy. Here we report a rare case of white matter disease in a 55-year-old man with coeliac disease. He presented with anxiety, headache and left upper limb jerking. He subsequently developed epilepsy and brain MRI revealed diffuse white matter abnormality. He died 6 months after presentation due to status epilepticus and sepsis. Brain biopsy demonstrated vacuolar leucoencephalopathy with no evidence of vCJD. An extensive clinical screen excluded infectious, inflammatory and para-neoplastic causes for this condition. Coeliac disease may be causally associated with vacuolar leucoencephalopathy in this case.
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PMID:Vacuolar leucoencephalopathy and pulvinar sign in association with coeliac disease. 2168

Delirium is a cognitive disorder. DSM-IV criteria for delirium must include both acute onset and fluctuating symptoms; disturbance of consciousness (including inattention); at least one of the following: disorganised thinking, disorientation, memory impairment or perceptual disturbance; and evidence of a putative causal medical condition. Traditionally, the course has been described as transient in which recovery is likely to be complete if the underlying aetiological factor is promptly corrected or is self-limited. The most common precipitating causes in elderly include sepsis, dehydration and drugs. Work-up for delirium is limited to septic screening, baseline investigations and imaging. Patients with delirium without focal signs and with either evidence for a medical aetiology of delirium or pre-diagnosed dementia are at a very low risk of having focal lesions in their contrast-enhanced CT or MRI. We are presenting an interesting case of delirium with urosepsis whose imaging revealed milliary brain tuberculomas on contrast-enhanced MRI.
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PMID:Delirium in a 74-year-old man: correct imaging revealed the truth. 2184 24

Spinal subdural empyemas are rare. We describe a 53-year-old male who presented with back pain, mental status changes, and sepsis. Five days prior he had undergone a triamcinolone and lidocaine injection of the acromial bursa. He also had a remote history of epidural steroid injection for thoracic back pain. Two lumbar MRI conducted 62 hours apart revealed a newly developed subdural empyema that was successfully treated with surgical evacuation and post-operative antibiotics.
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PMID:Rapidly progressive lumbar subdural empyema following acromial bursal injection. 2186 36

Focal therapy is an individualized treatment option for prostate cancer, which destroys localized cancerous tissue but not normal tissue, thus avoiding the morbidities associated with whole-gland therapy. Accurate cancer localization and precise ablation are integral to the success of focal therapy, which remains unproven owing to suboptimal patient selection. Currently, there are no clinical or biopsy features that can identify unifocal prostate cancer and no imaging modality that can accurately diagnose or localize prostate cancer. MRI diagnosis has the best accuracy but high cost and limited access hinder its widespread adoption. New management options, including focal therapy and active surveillance, require prostate biopsy to detect, localize and characterize the cancer. Transrectal prostate biopsy has a high false-negative detection rate, which might be related to an inability to biopsy the anterior and apical part of the prostate or interoperator variation. Transrectal biopsy is also associated with sepsis and bleeding. Robotic transperineal prostate biopsy can overcome the limitations of transrectal procedures. Robotic biopsy is automated with high accuracy, has improved access to the apex and anterior part of the prostate and has low risk of sepsis. Furthermore, it involves only two skin punctures, compared with template-based transperineal prostate biopsy, which can result in multiple wounds. Robotic prostate biopsy fulfills the fundamental needs of focal therapy and might be the platform for future treatment delivery for prostate cancer.
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PMID:Robotic prostate biopsy and its relevance to focal therapy of prostate cancer. 2193 44

We report a case of postpartum hemorrhage due to adherent placenta. A 28 year old primiparous woman who underwent manual removal of placenta for primary postpartum haemorrhage soon after delivery was referred to our Institute on her third postnatal day because of persistent tachycardia and low grade fever. Placenta accreta was suspected on initial ultrasonographic examination. MRI examination confirmed the diagnosis of placenta accreta in few areas and revealed increta in other areas. On expectant management she developed genital tract sepsis and hence she was treated with intravenous Methotrexate after controlling infection with appropriate antibiotics. Doppler Imaging showed decreased blood flow to the placental mass and increased echogenecity on gray scale USG after Methotrexate administration. She expelled the whole placental mass on 35th postnatal day and MRI performed the next day showed empty uterine cavity. Morbid adhesion of placenta should be suspected even in primiparous women without any risk factors when there is history of post-partum hemorrhage. MRI is the best modality for evaluation of adherent placenta.
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PMID:Expectant and medical management of placenta increta in a primiparous woman presenting with postpartum haemorrhage: The role of Imaging. 2247 Jul 32

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical and radiological entity. It associates, to varying extents, neurological symptoms such as headaches, confusion, seizures and visual alterations from haemianopsia to cortical blindness. The diagnosis relies on brain MRI, showing signs of subcortical and cortical oedema in the posterior regions of the brain, with hypersignals in T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) or diffusion sequences. With early diagnosis and control of the causal factors, the symptoms and radiological signs can be - as the name implies - totally regressive. PRES can be caused by various heterogeneous factors, such as hypertension, side effect of drug therapies, eclampsia, sepsis or autoimmune diseases. The authors report here the case of an 86-year-old woman, presenting totally regressive cortical blindness and seizures, with compatible imaging.
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PMID:Cortical blindness and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in an older patient. 2266 15

A 70-year-old lady with a resected Dukes B colon cancer, receiving adjuvant capecitabine and bevacizumab chemotherapy was admitted with Hickman line sepsis. During her admission, she developed seizures and periods of unresponsiveness and was suspected to have brain metastases. She was started on high dose steroids and sodium valproate and appeared to respond to this treatment. However an MRI scan revealed that she did not have brain metastases but a rare neurological condition called reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, which can be fatal if not treated but has a good prognosis if the cause is identified and treated.
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PMID:Diagnostic uncertainty around seizures in advanced malignancy. 2267 1

A 67-year-old lady presented to the surgical outpatient clinic with a 4 month history of recurrent purulent discharge from her left buttock. Four years and 4 months prior to this she underwent a posterior intravaginal slingoplasty for vaginal prolapse and urinary stress incontinence. An MRI demonstrated a long gluteo-vaginal fistula tract from the posterior wall of the vaginal vault through the left ischiorectal fossa to the skin. An examination under anaesthesia revealed that the fistulous tract was surrounding the intact mesh used for the posterior intravaginal slingoplasty. The mesh was removed, the fistula tract excised and the perineal wound marsupialised. The patient was discharged 5 days later. The wound healed within 4 weeks and she remains sepsis free 2 years on.
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PMID:Gluteo-vaginal fistula: a long-term complication of posterior intravaginal slingplasty. 2267 11

This report describes a 2-month-old girl who developed a subdural empyema as a rare complication of meningococcal disease. The initial presentation was compatible with bacterial meningitis and sepsis and remarkable only for a lymphocytic pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which was confirmed at a later occasion. After a week, when the patient continued to have fever, and subsequently developed focal seizure activity, MRI brain revealed a subdural empyema, necessitating craniectomy with a washout. Initial CSF and blood cultures were negative, but PCR analysis of the CSF from the primary lumbar puncture was positive for Neisseria meningitidis. She responded well to 6 weeks of intravenous meropenem and CT scan of the brain at the end of the treatment was normal. At 4-month follow-up, she was seizure-free with normal neurological examination and development.
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PMID:A 2-month-old girl with bifrontal/bitemporal meningococcal subdural empyema: complete radiological and clinical recovery after treatment. 2270 Jun 11

Bone and joint infections are rare in the neonatal period. They often present with pseudo paralysis of the affected limb due to pain and discomfort caused by movement. The existence of a concomitant neuropathy is a rare and insufficiently understood phenomenon with few cases described. The authors report the case of a 7-week infant, born prematurely and with Staphylococcus aureus neonatal sepsis, who presented to the emergency room with a paretic right upper limb. Osteoarticular infection complicated with brachial plexus neuropathy was considered and MRI and electromyography the confirmed diagnosis. There was a good outcome after antibiotic treatment and functional rehabilitation.
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PMID:Septic arthritis presenting as brachial plexus neurophaty. 2270 81


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