Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

35 episodes of septicemia in 33 patients occurred among 269 consecutive patients with granulocytopenia (granulocyte cell count less than or equal to 0.5 x 10(9)/l) during the 7-year period 1982-1988. 59% of isolated bacteria were Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Streptococcus species and Pneumococcus) and 41% Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter and Citrobacter). Compared to the 7-year period 1975-1981, there was a decrease in the relative number of patients with Gram-negative septicemia. Thus, a shift from a predominating Gram-negative etiology in the 1975-1981 period to a predominating Gram-positive etiology in the 1982-1988 period was noted. In both periods the mortality rate was high in patients with Gram-negative septicemia, especially in patients with a Ps, aeruginosa infection.
 ...
PMID:Septicemia in granulocytopenic patients: a shift in bacterial etiology. 150 41

The synthesis of large numbers of antibiotics over the past three decades has caused complacency about the threat of bacterial resistance. Bacteria have become resistant to antimicrobial agents as a result of chromosomal changes or the exchange of the exchange of genetic material via plasmids and transposons. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and staphylococci, organisms that cause respiratory and cutaneous infections, and members of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas families, organisms that cause diarrhea, urinary infection, and sepsis, are now resistant to virtually all of the older antibiotics. The extensive use of antibiotics in the community and hospitals has fueled this crisis. Mechanisms such as antibiotic control programs, better hygiene, and synthesis of agents with improved antimicrobial activity need to be adopted in order to limit bacterial resistance.
 ...
PMID:The crisis in antibiotic resistance. 842 79

Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies were performed on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) in children. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Twelve patients with various bacterial infectious diseases were treated with PAPM/BP. Each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, administered 3 times daily, in 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. Treatments were continued for 5-22 days. Clinical efficacies of PAPM/BP in 12 patients with bacterial infections (1 with suspected sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 with acute maxillary sinusitis, 2 with acute otitis media, 1 with cervical abscess and 2 with urinary tract infection complexed type) were evaluated as excellent in 7, good in 4 and fair in 1, with an efficacy rate of 91.7%. Seventeen causative organisms found in 10 patients (Haemophilus influenzae in 4, Branhamella catarrhalis in 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 2, Staphylococcus aureus in 1, alpha-Streptococcus in 1, Corynebacterium sp. in 1, Peptostreptococcus micros in 1 and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2) were eradicated except 2 strains (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa) from 1 patient (patient No. 2). No adverse reactions were observed in any of the 12 patients. 2. MICs of PAPM were examined against 22 clinical isolates (H. influenzae 5, B. catarrhalis 3, alpha-Streptococcus 3, S. pneumoniae 2, Corynebacterium sp. 2, S. aureus 1, P. aeruginosa 1, P. micros 1, Enterobacter cloacae 1, Escherichia coli 1, Group D Streptococcus 1 and Staphylococcus epidermidis 1) from children with bacterial infections. PAPM showed a good antibacterial activity comparable to the activity of cefoperazone (CPZ) against S. pneumoniae strains relatively tolerant to penicillins. However, the activity of PAPM against H. influenzae was somewhat weaker than that of CPZ. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in children]. 151 26

The efficacy and safety of aztreonam were evaluated in an open trial at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 45 critically-ill adult patients were enrolled in the study. All patients with documented Gram-negative infection were treated with aztreonam as monotherapy. Antibiotics active against only Gram-positive and/or anaerobic organisms were allowed. Twenty cases were clinically evaluable. Eleven had lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia), 3 had urinary tract infections, and 6 had septicemia. Clinical signs and symptoms, cultures and other laboratory profiles were assessed prior to treatment, at 4-6 days during treatment and within 2-3 days of the end of therapy (usually 7-15 days). Nineteen out of 20 (95%) had a satisfactory clinical response. All cases with septicemia and urinary tract infections were microbiologically cured. The overall microbiological response rate was 90%. Fifty-five percent of all infections were caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two patients with Gram-negative pneumonia due to P. aeruginosa did not respond microbiologically to aztreonam therapy. No serious adverse events requiring discontinuation of aztreonam therapy were reported. No mortality occurred.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of aztreonam in the treatment of serious gram-negative infections in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. 151 10

Management of infected prosthetic arterial grafts has traditionally included total graft excision especially when gram-negative bacteria were cultured. Between 1973 and 1991 we treated 42 patients with infected prosthetic grafts (33 polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 9 Dacron) by complete graft preservation when the graft was patent, the anastomoses were intact, and the patient did not have sepsis. The infection involved the anastomosis (36 cases) or the body (6 cases) of 33 peripheral grafts and the distal segment of five aortofemoral and four iliac-distal grafts. Cultures of the 42 infected grafts grew gram-positive bacteria in 33 cases and gram-negative bacteria in 22 cases. Treatment adjuncts included repeated, radical operative wound debridement and rarely (7 of 42) rotational muscle flaps. This management resulted in a 10% (4 of 42) hospital mortality rate and an amputation rate in survivors of 3% (1 of 38 threatened limbs). All four deaths were due to sepsis: gram-positive bacteria were cultured in all cases and gram-negative bacteria in two cases. Of the 38 survivors, 29 (76%) wounds healed and remained healed after average follow-up of 3 years (range, 1 to 18 years). Nine other patients required total graft excision for nonhealing wounds (7 cases) or delayed anastomotic hemorrhage (2 cases). Gram-negative bacteria were cultured in four, and gram-positive bacteria were cultured in six of these nine wounds. Four of nine (44%) graft infections that cultured Pseudomonas organisms healed without complications versus 23 of 33 (70%) wounds that cultured gram-positive bacteria, and 12 of 13 (92%) wounds that cultured gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Are gram-negative bacteria a contraindication to selective preservation of infected prosthetic arterial grafts? 152 35

A review of the literature reveals that of the eight reported cases of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome acquiring Norwegian scabies, three of these have been complicated by sepsis. We describe such a patient who contracted sepsis from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We propose that the fissures often seen in severe cases of Norwegian scabies may serve as a port of entry for bacteria, thus placing these patients at a high risk for sepsis. We also believe that empiric antibiotic treatment is justified in these patients and that the choice of agent should be based on the institution's bacterial flora profile.
 ...
PMID:Sepsis associated with Norwegian scabies in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 152 78

The effects of burn injury and sepsis on intracellular lymphocyte metabolism were evaluated using a rat model. Adult Lewis rats were subjected to a sham burn, a 30% full-thickness burn, or a 30% full-thickness burn which was infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One week later the animals were sacrificed, and the splenic lymphocytes were harvested and cultured for 24 hr with mitogen stimulation. Lymphocytes from the burned-infected rats were found to utilize more glucose and certain amino acids than did lymphocytes obtained from the other two groups. Lymphocytes obtained from the burned-infected group had lower levels of the immunologically important enzyme, adenosine deaminase, than did the lymphocytes obtained from the other two groups. In summary, sepsis appears to alter a number of intracellular lymphocyte metabolic processes. These alterations may be found to be predictive of early sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Alterations in intracellular lymphocyte metabolism induced by infection and injury. 152 55

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is implicated in the pathophysiology of gram-negative sepsis. This study examined physiologic and biochemical effects of pretreatment with an anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody immediately before the onset of sepsis. Three groups of anesthetized ventilated pigs were studied for 300 minutes. Groups 1 (n = 12) and 2 (n = 6) received a 1-hour infusion of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Group 2 was pretreated with anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody (15 mg/kg). Group 3 (n = 8) received intravenous sterile saline. Group 1 exhibited a significant rise in plasma TNF activity, which was abolished in group 2. Cardiac index was reduced in both groups 1 and 2 in the first hour but recovered in group 2 (3.3 +/- 0.4 l/min per square meter at 300 minutes in group 2 vs 1.3 +/- 0.2 L/min per square meter in group 1). Metabolic acidosis was attenuated (arterial pH, 7.39 +/- 0.01 in group 2 vs 7.16 +/- 0.03 at 300 minutes in group 1). Increased extravascular lung water was also attenuated (5.9 +/- 0.7 in group 2 vs 13.2 +/- 1.5 mL/kg at 300 minutes in group 1). However, pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia, which are known cyclooxygenase effects, were not affected. In the early phase of the study, plasma thromboxane B2 levels were elevated in both groups 1 and 2. We conclude that anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody offered significant protection against the effects of sepsis, but that other mediators may be responsible for the early changes seen in this model.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha attenuates cardiopulmonary dysfunction in porcine gram-negative sepsis. 154 90

Two cases of serious infection following catfish spine-related injuries are presented, and the literature on this topic is reviewed. The organisms usually involved in such infections are Vibrio species, Aeromonas hydrophila, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas species, and components of the flora of the human skin. Irrigation, exploration, and culture of these wounds as well as immunization of the patient against tetanus are recommended. Patients with hepatic disease or chronic illness and immunocompromised individuals are at unusually high risk of fulminant infection due to Vibrio and Aeromonas species and should be treated with antibiotics after sustaining a water-associated wound. Patients with normal host defense mechanisms but with late wound care, punctures involving a bone or a joint, progressive inflammation hours after envenomation, fever, or signs of sepsis are at high risk for secondary infection and should receive definitive wound care and antibiotics. For moderate to severe infections, one of the following combinations constitutes a reasonable empirical regimen: (1) a tetracycline and a broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-stable beta-lactam antibiotic, or (2) a tetracycline, a beta-lactamase-stable penicillin, and an aminoglycoside.
 ...
PMID:Catfish-related injury and infection: report of two cases and review of the literature. 156 61

We identified and reviewed retrospectively all the cases of infection by Pseudomonas and related genera in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex (ARC) who were hospitalized at our Institution over a 36-month period. We recorded 48 episodes of infection in 34 of 355 patients with AIDS, and in two of 73 patients with ARC: 25 pneumonias (9 community-acquired and 16 of nosocomial origin). 20 urinary tract infections, two soft tissue infections and one sepsis. In 14 of 16 patients with nosocomial pneumonia but in only one of nine patients with community-acquired pneumonia did we find coexisting opportunistic lung diseases. The following micro-organisms were isolated: P. aeruginosa in 41 cases, P. fluorescens in three cases, Xanthomonas maltophilia (P. maltophilia) in two cases, P. putida in one case. Comamonas testosteronis (P. testosteronis) and Comamonas acidovorans (P. acidovorans) in one case. Amikacin and ceftazidime, alone or in combination, appear to be the optimal choice of therapy for severe Pseudomonas infections in HIV-infected patients, although in our study six of 47 isolates were resistant in vitro to amikacin, and nine of 31 isolates were resistant to ceftazidime.
 ...
PMID:Pseudomonas infections in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. 158 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10