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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies were carried out on the penetration of cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, into cerebrospinal fluid, and on the clinical efficacy against bacterial infections. The results are summarized as follows: Concentrations of CZON in cerebrospinal fluid at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg in cases of furunculosis of the external canal, encephalitis and mumps meningitis were 0.56 micrograms/ml, 1.44 micrograms/ml and 0.33 micrograms/ml, respectively. Concentrations of CZON in cerebrospinal fluid at 1 hour after intravenous administration of 100 mg/kg in 3 cases of purulent meningitis were 2.80-6.40 micrograms/ml at the acute stage and 0.56-1.45 micrograms/ml even at the recovering stage. Sensitivities of clinically isolated strains to CZON were determined and expressed as MIC. MICs of CZON on Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae were similar to MIC's of cefmenoxime (CMX), and lower than those of cefoperazone (CPZ), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefatiam (CTM) and Cefazolin (CEZ). The MIC of CZON on Staphylococcus aureus was similar to those of CEZ, CMZ and CTM, and lower than those of CMX and CPZ. Clinical responses of CZON were good in 2 cases of purulent meningitis, good in 2 cases of pyothorax, excellent in 1 case of septicemia, excellent in 3 cases of urinary tract infections, excellent in 7 cases and good in 3 cases out of 10 cases of pneumonia. Clinical responses of other diseases were excellent in 4 cases of bronchitis, good in 1 case of furunculosis of the external canal, excellent in 1 case of tonsillitis. No side effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed except 2 cases of mild diarrhea out of 24 cases.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in pediatrics and a study on the penetration into cerebrospinal fluid]. 361 85

Timentin (ticarcillin (TCR) + clavulanic acid (AC)) was given for severe bacterial infections to sixteen hospitalized patients (10 male and 6 female; 16 to 75 years of age; normal renal function in 12). Infections included 8 septicemias (of which 4 were secondary to pyelonephritis), 6 pyelonephritis (in addition to the four above-mentioned cases), and 3 suppurated cellulitis of the lower limbs (with septicemia in one case). The following bacteria were recovered: 10 Escherichia coli, 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Providencia stuartii, 1 Salmonella typhi, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Staphylococcus aureus. The sixteen strains were all susceptible to timentin (MICs determined by agar dilution: TCR + AC 4 mg/l: 0.5-16 mg/l; TCR + AC 8 mg/l: 0.2-16 mg/l). Thirteen strains were susceptible to TCR (MIC less than or equal to 16 mg/l), and three (1 E. coli, 1 K. pneumoniae, and 1 S. aureus) were resistant to TCR (MIC greater than or equal to 256 mg/l). 14 patients received timentin alone, while two were also given dibekacin. Timentin was given in one-hour IV infusions in a dosage of 9.6 g/24 h (3.2 g X 3) in 10 patients and 6.4 g/24 h (3.2 g X 2) in 6. Duration of therapy was 14 to 16 days in half of cases (range 5 to 21 days). At termination of the infusion, serum concentrations of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (determined in ten patients) were greater than 50 mg/l and 3-7.4 mg/l respectively, and serum bactericidal activity (evaluated in ten cases) was consistently less than 1/2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination in severe infections in adults]. 393 32

The efficacy of the antimicrobial removal device in facilitating isolation of bacteria from blood containing antibiotics was evaluated in a multicenter study. Blood specimens from 143 patients who had culture-proven septicemia and had been on antibiotic treatment for at least 24 hours were recultured with and without the aid of the device. Septicemia persisted in 33 of the patients and use of the device improved the isolation rates: 63% of the gram-positive bacteria and 32% of the gram-negative bacteria were isolated only with the aid of the device. Use of the device was an advantage in 10 of 13 cases where the antibiotic concentration in the bottles exceeded the MIC for the infecting microorganism but in only 5 of 19 cases where the concentration was lower than the MIC. It is concluded that the antimicrobial removal device may be useful in patients already on antibiotic treatment, but that its use is limited by the cost and the amount of work involved.
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PMID:Use of the antimicrobial removal device prior to blood culture in patients on antibiotic therapy. 409 99

Clinical usage of aztreonam (AZT), a newly synthesized antibiotic which belongs to monobactam, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 patients aged from 1 month-old to 13 year-5 month-old with bacterial infections and the following results were obtained. AZT was administered to 4 patients with pyelonephritis and 10 patients with tonsillitis at a daily dosage of 40.4-120.9 mg/kg and to 5 patients with clinical sepsis associated with agranulocytosis caused by intensive antileukemic therapy at a daily dosage of 142.4-171.4 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4, by intravenous injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. The clinical results of these 19 evaluable patients were as follows: excellent; 10 cases, good; 5 cases, fair; 2 cases, poor; 2 cases. The over all efficacy rate was 78.9% and that of pyelonephritis and tonsillitis was 100.0%. No clinical side effects were observed in any 23 patients, including a patient who proved to be suffering from Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and no abnormal laboratory findings caused by AZT was noticed. The MICs of AZT against 9 strains isolated from patients with pyelonephritis and those with tonsillitis were as follows: MICs against all of 3 strains of K. pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 out of 4 strains of H. influenzae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml and those of the remaining 2 strains were 0.10 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. aureus was 1.56 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. epidermidis was more than 100 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in children]. 409 60

Clinical studies of aztreonam (AZT) were performed in 10 pediatric cases. One transient pyuria case with 10(3)/ml E. faecalis detected in urine was excluded from clinical evaluation, because the presence of infection was unclear. Results were as follows: AZT was effective on 1 patient with meningitis (causative organism: H. influenzae), who was treated with 41.7 mg/kg 4 times a day. Results of administration of 58.1-78.9 mg/kg 3 or 4 times a day by intravenous injection for 1 E. coli sepsis-and-pyelonephritis complication case and 7 pyelonephritis cases (causative organisms: E. coli in 1, E. coli + E. faecalis in 1, E. faecalis in 1, P. aeruginosa in 3 and unknown in 1) were excellent in 4, good in 2 and poor in 2 cases. The pathogens of the 2 poor cases were E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Six of the pyelonephritis cases had vesicoureteral refluxes as an underlying condition. Clinical and microbiological effects of AZT were considered to be closely correlated with its MIC values. No side effect was recognized. Though abnormal laboratory findings were obtained in 4 cases, including elevations of GOT X GPT in 2 cases, GPT elevation in 1 case and plateletcount increase in 1 case. All of these abnormalities were minor and transient. The serum concentrations of AZT for a two-month-old patient with pyelonephritis were 65, 50, 35, 22.8 and 12.4 micrograms/ml at 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively and T1/2 was 2.42 hours after injecting AZT 20 mg/kg by intravenous injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in pediatrics]. 409 63

Of 20 patients with gram-negative septicemia treated with mecillinam alone or in combination with ampicillin, successful therapeutic results were obtained in 16. In 11 patients treated with ampicillin alone, three failures responded successfully to a combination of mecillinam and ampicillin. Mecillinam MIC values of isolated Enterobacteriaceae were 0.05-0.4 micrograms/ml. In patients receiving 5 mg/kg mecillinam intravenously every six hours, the mean 0.5 hour concentration was 11.0 micrograms/ml and in those given 10 mg/kg 23.3 migcrograms/ml. No serious side effects were recorded. One patient on mecillinam developed an exanthema, as did three patients on combined therapy.
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PMID:Mecillinam and ampicillin separately or combined in gram-negative septicemia. 624 6

Studies on T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics, and the following results were obtained. 1. Peak MIC of T-1982 against S. pyogenes (group A) lately isolated was 0.39 micrograms/ml, and the drug was active even against highly resistant strains of macrolides, lincomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. 2. Peak MICs of T-1982 were 0.78 microgram/ml against B. pertussis, 0.2 microgram/ml against E. coli and less than or equal to 0.05 microgram/ml against K. oxytoca, and the drug was also active against ampicillin-resistant bacteria. 3. Serum levels and urinary excretions of T-1982 were investigated in 6 cases. When given at a dose of 20-28 mg/kg by 1 hour intravenous drip infusion, serum concentrations of T-1982 attained the peak level of 63.5-75.9 micrograms/ml at the end of administration and sustained the level of 0.9-2.6 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, the serum half-life (T 1/2) ranging 70-82 minutes. Approximately 20-72% of the dose were excreted in the active form into urine within 6 hours. 4. Twenty-seven cases of acute pediatric infections were treated with T-1982 mainly by intravenous drip infusion, and satisfactory clinical results were obtained in all the cases of angina lacunaris, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pertussis, sepsis caused by Serratia and acute urinary tract infections caused by ampicillin-resistant E. coli. The efficacy rate was 96.3%. In this study the drug was administered chiefly at a daily dose of 50-70 mg/kg 2-3 times a day for 2-12 days. 5. Gram-positive cocci (S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes) and Gram-negative rods (H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae P. vulgaris, B. pertussis, S. marcescens, E. coli) were eradicated by the treatment with T-1982. 6. No noticeable side effects were observed, except for temporary increase of eosinophil in 2 cases and slight elevation of GOT in 1 case.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on T-1982 (cefbuperzone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, in the field of pediatrics]. 630 96

To evaluate the antibacterial potency of cefotiam (CTM) clinical and laboratory studies were carried out and the results were as follows. Clinical evaluation and adverse reaction CTM was given to total of 23 patients, 10 with bronchopneumonia, 10 with bronchitis and one each with cystitis, enteritis and suspected sepsis. Overall efficacy rate was 78.3% (18/23) (excellent 9, good 9, fair 3, poor 2). Only 1 case showed a side effect of slightly elevated GOT and GPT. Antibacterial activities MIC of CTM against isolates from sputum was investigated on those patients mentioned above and was compared with MIC of CEZ and CMZ. CTM showed superior antibacterial activity against almost all strains. Especially on Haemophilus and Klebsiella antibacterial activity of CTM was impressive. Organisms in sputum Four out of 8 causative bacteria disappeared and 1 out of 8 decreased after administration of CTM. Thus CTM is considered to be the useful drug for the treatment of respiratory infection.
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PMID:[Antibacterial potency of cefotiam based on the clinical effect, MIC and decrement of organisms in the sputum]. 631 12

Experimental and clinical studies were conducted on a new synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic cefoperazone (CPZ). Antibacterial activity of CPZ against S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp. and P. aeruginosa was compared with that of cefazolin (CEZ), cephalothin (CET), gentamicin (GM) and cefotaxime (CTX). Ordinary cephalosporin C antibiotics, CEZ and CET showed an excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus, while CPZ showed a low MIC of 3.13 mcg/ml even 10(6)/ml inoculation. CPZ showed an antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Proteus sp. Its activity was very similar to CTX and superior to CET and CEZ. CPZ showed the greatest activity against P. aeruginosa, i.e., 2 tubes greater than CTX. By intravenous injection, the peak of blood concentration of CPZ treated with 25 mg/kg was 42 mcg/ml (4 cases); in the case of 1 hr. drip infusion, the peak of blood concentration with same dose was 41.25 mcg/ml at the end of drip infusion. By both routes of administration, the half lives were noted to be as long as 101.4 and 84.8 minutes, respectively. The recovery rates (3 cases) in the urine were quite different: 60.8%, 22.6% and 76.8% at 6 hours after administration. The spinal fluid concentration of CPZ was about 5 mcg/ml in the acute stage during the first 5 days and the CSF/serum ratio was above 10%. Clinical evaluation of CPZ was performed in a total of 31 cases; 13 cases of respiratory tract infection, 8 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 cases of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, 2 cases of enterocolitis, 2 cases of septicemia and 4 cases of purulent meningitis. Of 31 cases, CPZ proved to be markedly effective or effective in 28 cases, an efficacy rate of 90.3%. CPZ was found to e ineffective in 1 case of pyothorax and 2 cases of septicemia. Of the two cases of septicemia, one who had been also suffering from ecthyma gangrenosum suspected to be caused by P. aeruginosa and died within 10 hours of admission. Therefore, it may be better to consider this case an unknown case. Side effects observed during the therapy were 1 case of rash and 1 case of a rise of BUN.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies on cefoperazone (author's transl)]. 645 29

We report the use of cefoperazone in 62 cases of serious infection, most of which occurred in patients with renal impairment. 43 severe or complicated urinary tract infections, 11 cases of pneumonia and 8 with other severe sepsis were treated with cefoperazone 1 to 2 g twice daily usually for 5 to 10 days. Of the patients with urinary tract infection, all who were symptomatic showed a rapid clinical response; 26 (61%) were cured including 11 of 16 with chronic renal failure; 12 relapsed and 5 were reinfected with a different pathogen. All of these patients were infected by organisms sensitive to cefoperazone by disc testing but in 5 of those who relapsed the cefoperazone MIC was in fact greater than or equal to 50 microgram/ml. Ten of 11 cases with radiologically confirmed pneumonia were cured with cefoperazone. 7 episodes of pneumonia were in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure (6 were on dialysis) and 1 was in a patient with acute renal failure. Seven of 8 cases with severe sepsis were cured with cefoperazone. 1 patient was withdrawn from the study when acute bronchospasm followed a 2 g intravenous dose. 2 of the successfully treated patients had functioning renal transplants, 2 of 3 with severe chronic renal failure were on dialysis and 1 had acute renal failure. Side effects included minor disturbances of liver function in 6 patients (11%), diarrhoea in 7 (13%) and marked alcohol intolerance in one, 4 patients with chronic renal failure developed a coagulation disorder which was corrected with vitamin K. None of the patients showed deterioration in renal function while receiving cefoperazone. Cefoperazone promises to be an effective drug for the treatment of a wide spectrum of severe infections in hospitalised patients including those with impaired renal function.
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PMID:Cefoperazone in the treatment of severe or complicated infections. 645 95


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