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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective study it was investigated in which a course the septicemia appears during the first year of life and which laborchemical and immunological findings are typical for the specific manifestation and can be used for the diagnosis. 27 sucklings with septicemia were admitted at our hospital during 1976-1982. As the clinical course we found: the acute septicemia with pronounced shocksymptoms (Septic-Toxic-Course, STC), the septicemia with a tardy course and hematogenous dispersion of bacteria in one organsystem, namely in the brain (Meningoencephalitis), in the bone (Osteomyelitis) and in the soft tissue (Phlegmon), the septicemia with a tardy course and forms a septicopyemia with secundary dispersion of bacteria in multiple organsystems. Only STC and septicopyemia show the symptoms which are lead back with the dispersion of bacteria. By the septicemia with a tardy course and hematogenous dispersion of bacteria in one organsystem the clinical symptoms are determined only in the infected organ. As the only course of septicemia the STZ shows laborchemically in the blood a damage to the livercells with a constant elevated levels of plasmaencyms GOT, GPT and LDH; this findings can be used for a diagnostic criterion. By septicopyemia, meningitis and osteomyelitis the findings of sepsis exist in the blood but are rare by phlegmon. By septicemia with a tardy course (2, 3) a humoral and/or cellular immundeficiency exist. This is a point of application for therapy to give biological antibody with a large spectrum.
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PMID:[The septic state in infancy]. 408 25

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, were investigated and following results were obtained. 1) Ceftizoxime was given by intravenous injection or drip infusion for 1 hour at a single dose of 30 mg/kg. After intravenous injection, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 95.9 mcg/ml at 15 minutes and half-life time was 1.18 hours. After 1 hour drip infusion, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 79.5 mcg/ml at the end of infusion and half-life time was 1.20 hours. The urinary level was high and the mean urinary recovery rate was 69.6% and 63.4% up to 6 hours after intravenous injection and 1 hour drip infusion, respectively. 2) CZX was administered in dose of 39--76 mg/kg to 7 pediatric patients (4 cases of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, and 1 of aseptic meningitis) by a single intravenous injection. In patients with purulent meningitis, passage into the cerebrospinal fluid was relatively as good as 30% of serum level at the same time in the presence of remarkable signs of inflammation, but poor in cases of mild inflammation or aseptic meningitis. 3) Cerebral puncture fluid level in 1 patient with cerebral abscess was as good as 65.5% of serum level at the same time. 4) CZX was given to 28 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 of tonsillitis with otitis media, 6 of scarlet fever, 1 each of maxillary sinusitis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia, 5 of septicemia suspected, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, 1 each of osteomyelitis, typhoid fever, peritonitis and biliary tract infection, 16 of urinary tract infection, 14 of skin and soft tissue infection, and 1 of external otitis, totaling 87 cases. The mean daily dose of 101.6 mg/kg was administered for an average of 10 days mainly by intravenous injection 4 times daily. Clinical results obtained were excellent in 34 cases, and good in 46. Bacteriological effectiveness rate was 100%. As for side effects, fever, fever with rash, fever with cough and diarrhea appeared in 1 each case out of 182 cases including 95 drop out cases. As for laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of GOT, that of GOT with GPT, and that of GOT with LDH appeared in 10, 2, 2, 3 and 1 cases, respectively.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 4

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out under a joint study programme in pediatric field, and the following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study In 20 pediatric patients with normal renal function, weighing 15 to 48 kg, CTT was injected intravenously at 20 mg/kg in 3 to 5 minutes. The mean blood concentration of CTT was 215.6 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after the end of injection, 90.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 57.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 33.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 10.2 micrograms/ml at 8 hours. The half-life of the drug in the beta-phase, computed from the mean blood concentrations up to 8 hours postdosing, was 2.61 hours. The peak of the mean urinary excretion of cefotetan appeared in 0 to 2 hours after the injection and 36.5% of the dose was recovered in the urine. The mean excretion at 0 to 8 hours was 68.1%. Clinical study Clinical effects of CTT was evaluated in 285 patients with 287 diseases, since 1 patient had both pneumonia and erysipelas, and another both pneumonia and acute otitis media. Daily dosage of CTT ranged from 15 to 123 mg/kg, and 266 patients (93.3%) received the drug either 2 or 3 times daily. The clinical response was seen in 83.3% of the 6 cases with sepsis, 89.3% of the 122 cases with pneumonia with or without pyothorax, 96.2% of the 52 cases with either acute bronchitis or tonsillitis, 92.5% of the 67 cases with urinary tract infection and 92.5% of the 40 cases with other infections. The causative organisms were detected in 160 patients and the rate of complete disappearance was 80.6%. Out of 310 patients, side effects were seen in 9 cases, diarrhea in 8 (2.6%) and rash in 1 (0.3%). Abnormal clinical laboratory findings were seen in 24 cases, elevation of serum transaminases in 19 (7.8%), elevation of TTT and LDH in 1 (0.4%) and eosinophilia in 4 (1.6%). None of these cases showed serious side effects or abnormal clinical laboratory findings. From the above results, it is concluded that CTT is one of the useful drug for treatment of infections in pediatric field.
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PMID:[Comprehensive evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 636 9

Amniotic fluid from 207 women in labor was analysed at the time of artificial rupture of membranes or by amniocentesis. The following organisms were identified in concentrations of more than 1 000/ml: Staphylococcus aureus (1), Propionibacterium (1), E. coli (1), group B Streptococci (3), Lactobacilli (16). The 6 patient-carriers of pathogens became infected as did 4 of their babies. Leukocyte counts and LDH levels performed on amniotic fluid did not correlate with the appearance of symptoms of infection. Quantitative bacteriology of amniotic fluid seems to be of value in identifying patients at high risk of developing endometritis and/or neonatal sepsis.
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PMID:Bacteriological study of amniotic fluid during labor. 636 40

Cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic having a long serum half-life (2.93 +/- 0.78 hours), was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-four patients were treated with a daily dose of 30 to 100 mg/kg of CTT by intravenous administrations mostly in 2 divided doses. The diagnoses of the effective patients were acute bronchitis (5), pneumonia (4), acute urinary tract infections (4), acute enterocolitis (2), presumed septicemia (1), and phlegmon (1); and the effectiveness was 77.3%. The pathogens recovered from these patients were S. pneumoniae (1), H. influenzae (3), S. marcescens (1), E. coli (2), and K. oxytoca (1). CTT was not effective in staphylococcal pneumonia and empyema (each 1 case), in Pseudomonas pneumonia (2), and in a case of brain abscess and mastoiditis of unknown etiology. Diarrhea (2), and transient elevations of the serum GOT, GPT, and LDH (1) were associated with the CTT therapy, but no severe adverse reaction was encountered. The CSF level of CTT seemed to be lower among several new cephalosporins. From the present study, CTT appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. A twice-a-day schedule was recommended from its long serum half-life.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 31

1. Medium to large amount of CMZ (100-270 mg/kg/day) was administered to 4 cases of neonatal infants having severe infections due to pathogenic E. coli and sepsis due to E. coli CMZ was remarkably effective in all cases, and the causative bacteria disappeared in 100%. 2. Among 10 cases which administered CMZ, 5 cases showed side effect. Eruption, diarrhea and increase of GOT, GPT and LDH activities were observed but no case suggested interruption of administration. 3. Blood level of CMZ was determined in 4 cases of 0-1 day old, premature infants. The half life of CMZ was 8.55-15.3 hours, prolonged considerably, and 12 hours after one shot (20 mg/kg) of intravenous CMZ administration, 20.2 microgram/ml of blood level was maintained. 4. Intraspinal CMZ level was determined in aseptic meningitis. When one shot 50 mg/kg CMZ was given intravenously, intraspinal CMZ levels after 30 minutes and 1 hour were 20.3 microgram/ml and 34.5 microgram/ml, respectively, and distribution of CMZ in the cerebrospinal fluid was shown to be excellent. 5. Exchange blood infusion (amount of exchange, 170 ml/Kg) was performed in a small premature newborn baby, and blood transformation of CMZ was examined. It was found as the result that the blood level of CMZ was decreased to 53% of the pretreated level. 6. MIC of CMZ was examined in 3 strains of E. coli isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. MICs were 0.39-0.78 microgram/ml when 10(6)/ml was inoculated and 0.78-1.56 when 10(8)/ml was inoculated.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical evaluation of cefmetazole in the newborn infants (author's transl)]. 702 22

A case of salicylate hepatitis in a seven-week-old boy with Kawasaki's disease, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is reported. The infant was admitted to the hospital with fever and a diffuse maculopapular petechial rash. He was treated with antibiotics for 72 hours for presumed septicemia. His condition deteriorated and he developed mucous membrane lesions and edema in his hands and feet. When the cultures of spinal fluid, blood, and urine were found to be negative, the antimicrobial therapy was discontinued; however, the cyanosis of his extremities progressed and gangrenous regions developed in his toe and finger pads. Oral aspirin therapy was started at a dosage of 100 mg/kg/day, every six hours. After five days, the rash, membrane lesions, and swelling in his hands and feet resolved. The cyanosis regressed. Liver enzyme tests revealed mild elevations of SGOT and LDH, and on the 12th hospital day these values peaked to a level consistent with salicylate hepatitis. The aspirin therapy was discontinued and within four days the liver function test results were normal. Aspirin therapy was reinstituted at a single daily dose of 30 mg/kg with no recurrence of hepatitis. The careful monitoring of liver function tests is recommended for children with Kawasaki's disease receiving aspirin therapy to avoid salicylate-induced hepatitis.
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PMID:Salicylate hepatitis: a complication of the treatment of Kawasaki's disease. 727 May 63

Clinical trials of cefoxitin, a new cephamycin antibiotic were carried out on 17 infantile patients with infections (respiratory tract infection 15, meningitis 1 and sepsis 1). Two patients of the above patients were excluded from the clinical evaluation except side effects because diseases were out of the object of this study. Cefoxitin was given at a dose of 50-104 mg/kg/day q.i.d. except 1 patient (b.i.d.) by a single intravenous injection for 2-27 days. The clinical efficacy obtained was good in 11 patients, fair in 2 patients and poor in 2 patients. The efficacy rate was 73.3%. Side effects were observed in 4 patients (eosinophilia 1, skin rash 2 and transient elevation of GOT, GPT and LDH 1).
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PMID:[A clinical study of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)]. 728 23

A study based on clinical analysis was conducted regarding the 125 episodes in the elderly 112 patients of sepsis who were 70 (average 83.8 +/- 7.5) years old at Nagoyashi-Koseiin Geriatric Hospital from 1985 through 1994. 1) The backgrounds of the elderly patients with sepsis were as follows: bedridden (72.8%), urinary catheter in place (61.2%), central venous catheter in place (48.8%), and prior antibiotic use (40.8%). All patients had an underlying disease. 2) Organisms isolated were Escherichia coli (21.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.4%); Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (17.4%) and Candida albicans (6.1%). Chronologically, the quantity of gram-positive cocci increased while that of gram-negative bacilli decreased. As the age of the patients increased, the frequency of infections by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), E. coli, and/or multiple bacteria increased, while that of infections by CNS and gram-negative bacilli excluding E. coli decreased. 3) The primary infected sites were the urinary tract system (24.8%), central venous catheter (21.6%) and unknown (31.2%). 4) The primary clinical observations were fever exceeding 38.0 degrees C (88.0%), tachycardia (60.8%), shivering (44.0%) and cyanosis (32.8%). 5) Complications were multiple organ failure (33.6%), septic shock (26.4%) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (22.4%). 6) The prognosis indicated that 65.6% were survivors, and 34.4% were nonsurvivors. At the onset of sepsis, weight, blood pressure, serum albumin, and total cholesterol in the nonsurvivors were significantly lower than those in the survivors, whereas heart rate, GOT, LDH, and BUN in the nonsurvivors were significantly higher than those in the survivors.
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PMID:[Study on sepsis in the elderly at Nagoyashi-Koseiin Geriatric Hospital]. 749 17

The effect of pretreatment with pentoxifylline on normothermic liver ischemia was studied in rats. This drug, a dimethylxanthine and fosfodiesterase inhibitor, improves microcirculation, decreases neutrophil activity in experimental sepsis and hemorrhagic shock, and inhibits "in vitro" cytokine production by isolated Kupffer cells. Partial liver ischemia was induced by occlusion of afferent vessels to the median and left lateral lobes for 60', followed by resection of nonischemic lobes just before reperfusion. The rats were divided in 4 groups: I (n = 6) sham operation, II (n = 6) resection of right and caudate lobes, III (n = 42) normal saline pretreatment and 60' ischemia, IV (n = 42) pentoxyfilline pretreatment (50mg/K/i.p. 2 h before clamping) and 60' ischemia. 12 animals were sacrificed 1 h and 6 h after reperfusion respectively (gr III and IV), and 20 rats were observed for a maximum of 24 h after reperfusion. Serum transaminases, LDH, CK (isoenzymes), bilirubin, and total bile acids were determined in each animal. A sample of the left lobe was taken for histological examination. Extent of necrosis 24 h after reperfusion was assessed. Bile output was measured before ischemia and during the first hour of reperfusion. Pentoxifylline pretreatment was associated with a lower rise in serum transaminases and LDH after reperfusion, but it did not modify the changes in either serum CK activity (mainly CKBB), or total bile acid concentration. A reduction of bile output was not avoided by pentoxifylline pretreatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Liver damage due to normothermic ischemia and reperfusion in the rat. The effects of pentoxifylline pretreatment]. 766 19


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