Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male Wistar albino rats were allocated to three groups-sham operated (n: 10), splenectomized (n: 20) and splenic autotransplanted (n: 10). Twelve weeks after operation, all were challenged with 1.8 x 10(8) cfu/ml Pseudomonas aeruginosa intranasally. Half of the splenectomized rats received imipenem-cilastatin after 2 h of bacterial challenge. Mortality was then observed for the next 12 days. All animals were autopsied and liver, kidney, spleen and lung specimens were processed for microbiological culture and histopathological examination. In 80% of autotransplanted rats, splenic tissue regeneration was histopathologically verified. Hemoglobin oxidation of erythrocytes increased in splenectomized rats and remained close to control levels in the autotransplanted group. No significant difference was detected between IgM levels of splenectomized and autotransplanted groups. Mortality rates were the same for all groups, except that splenectomized animals given antimicrobial therapy had increased survival rates. In conclusion, it is likely that the spleen has no role in protection against pulmonary sepsis and that only appropriate antimicrobial therapy can protect the splenectomized host from Pseudomonas sepsis.
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PMID:The effects of experimental splenic autotransplantation and imipenem-cilastatin treatment in postsplenectomy Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. 857 Sep 11

In India, data on 50 newborns delivered vaginally and data on 50 other newborns delivered by cesarean section for cephalopelvic disproportion were analyzed to compare the maternal and cord blood levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). The mothers were 21-33 years old. Hemoglobin levels ranged between 10 and 12 g/dl. For cord blood, normal delivery cases had a higher IgG level than cesarean section cases (1653 vs. 898.3 mg/dl). For maternal blood, however, the IgG level was not significantly different (1310 mg/dl for vaginal and 1275 mg/dl for cesarean section). Seven of the 50 mothers who delivered by cesarean section had a severe fever. All their newborns had higher IgG levels than other cesarean section cases and vaginal delivery cases (1060 vs. 896 mg/dl). IgM maternal and cord blood levels were not significantly different between the two groups. These findings suggest a need for prophylactic measures to prevent complication of neonatal sepsis.
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PMID:Comparative study of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M among neonates in caesarean section and vaginal delivery. 881 Jan 73

Recent literature was reviewed to identify elements of antenatal care which are of proven benefit in preventing or ameliorating adverse outcomes in the mother such as bleeding, anemia, pre-eclampsia, sepsis and genitourinary infection, and obstructed labor. Recent trials indicate that while fewer routine visits for low-risk women do not jeopardize a positive pregnancy outcome, patients may be less satisfied. None of the many factors which can cause bleeding during pregnancy can be eliminated through antenatal care, although risk factors can be identified through history-taking. Counseling on what to do is the best option. Routine iron supplementation against anemia is not necessary in well-nourished populations, but circumstantial evidence suggests that iron and folate should be provided for every pregnant woman in areas of high anemia prevalence. Hemoglobin determination as a routine test is more important near week 30 of term rather than early in pregnancy. Recent trials do not support routine aspirin to prevent pre-eclampsia among low-risk women, nor is there evidence that anti-hypertensive treatment of mild pre-eclampsia will prevent more serious disease. Improved detection and care may, however, lead to better outcomes. Urine culture and dipstick for leucocyte esterase and nitrite with subsequent treatment of positive cases will reduce the risk of pyelonephritis and appear to be cost-effective. Serological screening and treatment of syphilis is inexpensive and cost-effective, while obstructed labor can be anticipated in multiparas based upon obstetrical history; hospital delivery should be secured.
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PMID:Scientific basis for the content of routine antenatal care. I. Philosophy, recent studies, and power to eliminate or alleviate adverse maternal outcomes. 903 38

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIE) is a disorder characterized by extremely elevated serum levels of IgE and recurrent infections. Patients are particularly predisposed to have staphylococcal abscesses, usually involving skin, lungs, and joints; but they are also at risk for infections with other bacteria and fungi. We report the case of a 46-month-old boy with HIE who had Candida endocarditis and sepsis with a large fungal mass extending through the tricuspid valve and into the surrounding heart tissue, requiring surgical excision and replacement with a prosthetic valve. He had an indwelling central line for previous antibiotic therapy and had oral thrush for a month before presentation, which had been treated with oral nystatin. He was first seen with very dark urine, a new murmur, petechial rash, in shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The white blood cell count was 38,700 with 70% segmented neutrophils, 9% banded neutrophils, 15% lymphocytes, 4% monocytes, and 2% eosinophils. Hemoglobin was 7.1, and platelet count was 14,000. Prothrombin time was 15.5, and partial thromboplastin time was 31; fibrinogen level was 110 mg/ml, and fibrin degradation products were greater than 40 mg/ml. Serum IgE was 38,664 and 44,510 on repeat measurement. He has had recurrent staphylococcal pneumonias with pneumatoceles, twice requiring segmental lung resection. Blood and tricuspid valve cultures grew Candida albicans. He was treated with amphotericin and flucytosine, and later switched to fluconazole, with good response to therapy. A literature search revealed no other reported case of Candida endocarditis in patients with HIE. Fungai endocarditis is a rare complication, which may occur in patients with HIE and indwelling central catheters.
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PMID:Candida endocarditis in a child with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome. 921 44

Hemoglobin S/O(Arab) (Hb S/O(Arab)) is a rare compound heterozygous hemoglobinopathy characterized by the presence of two variant beta-globin chains: beta6Glu --> Val (Hb S) and beta121Glu --> Lys (Hb O(Arab)). The diagnosis of Hb S/O(Arab) requires electrophoresis on both cellulose acetate and citrate agar, since Hb O(Arab) co-migrates with Hb C at alkaline pH and close to Hb S at acidic pH. To date only case reports and small series of patients with Hb S/O(Arab) have been described. To better characterize the clinical and laboratory aspects of this unusual disorder, we reviewed the Duke University Medical Center experience. We identified 13 African-American children and adults with Hb S/O(Arab) ranging in age from 2.7 to 62.5 years. All patients had hemolytic anemia with a median Hb of 8.7 gm/dL (range 6.1-9.9 gm/dL), and a median reticulocyte count of 5.8% (range 1.2-10.3%). The peripheral blood smear typically showed sickled erythrocytes, target cells, polychromasia, and nucleated red blood cells. All 13 patients have had significant clinical sickling events including acute chest syndrome (11), recurrent vasoocclusive painful events (10), dactylitis (7), gallstones (5), nephropathy (4), aplastic crises (2), avascular necrosis (2), leg ulcers (2), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (1), osteomyelitis (1), and retinopathy (1). Four patients have died, including two from pneumococcal sepsis/meningitis at ages 5 and 10 years, one of acute chest syndrome at age 14 years, and one of multiorgan failure at age 35 years. We conclude that Hb S/O(Arab) disease is a severe sickling hemoglobinopathy with laboratory and clinical manifestations similar to those of homozygous sickle cell anemia.
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PMID:Hemoglobin S/O(Arab): thirteen new cases and review of the literature. 1020 1

Intractable bilateral exudative pleural effusions developed, following systemic sepsis without pulmonary infection, in a beta-thalassemia intermedia patient with longstanding mediastinal hematopoietic masses. The pleura were not infiltrated by hematopoietic cells. Bilateral talc pleurodesis successfully controlled the effusions.
Hemoglobin 1999 Aug
PMID:Bilateral pleural effusions in a beta-thalassemia intermedia patient with posterior mediastinal extramedullary hematopoietic masses. 1049 Jan 37

Hemoglobin estimates were carried out on almost 2000 medical termination of pregnancy patients at the Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital in India during the 1972-1976 period. Methods of pregnancy termination used for these patients are charted according to gestational age. It was noted that patients, especially rural patients, of low socioeconomic status and single, tended to seek abortions more often in the 2nd trimester. Anemia was more pronounced in the 2nd trimester. Information on the hemoglobin levels of the patients is tabulated according to trimester of pregnancy. Complications are tabulated by hemoglobin levels. It was seen that the risk of sepsis is greater for anemic women. Postponement of induced abortion is recommended for severely anemic patients until their hemoglobin levels can be built up.
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PMID:Medical termination of pregnancy in anaemic patients. 1233 97

Anemia may be the most common illness of critically ill patients. The majority of critically ill patients are anemic at admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and hemoglobin concentrations typically decline during the first 3 days of ICU stay. Hemoglobin continues to decline for patients with sepsis and higher severity of illness. This patient population may be at particular risk of adverse consequences of anemia given the cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic compromise frequently encountered during critical illness. The etiology of anemia of critical illness is multifactorial, resulting from phlebotomy, gastrointestinal bleeding, coagulation disorders, blood loss from vascular procedures, renal failure, nutritional deficiencies,bone marrow suppression, and impaired erythropoietin response.
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PMID:Blood conservation for critically ill patients. 1513 68

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is the most common cause of death in patients with sickle cell anemia. Its management is primarily palliative. We performed a Phase I evaluation of purified poloxamer 188 (a non-ionic surfactant) in the management of ACS. Forty-three patients with sickle cell disease and ACS were treated with doses as high as 2960 mg/day by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion. The maximum tolerated dose has not been identified. No evidence of renal toxicity or other limiting adverse events were found. One adult patient died due to sepsis and adult respiratory distress syndrome, which were unrelated to treatment. Poloxamer 188 is safe to administer to patients with ACS, and preliminary data suggest that it may shorten its duration and the length of hospitalization in a dose related manner. Children appeared to benefit more than adults. The data and safety profile justify further studies with purified poloxamer 188 in the treatment of ACS.
Hemoglobin 2004 May
PMID:Safety of purified poloxamer 188 in sickle cell disease: phase I study of a non-ionic surfactant in the management of acute chest syndrome. 1518 51

Hemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers are promising resuscitation fluids for hemorrhagic shock. However, infusion of large amounts of Hb-based material could interfere with reticuloendothelial function potentiating postresuscitation sepsis mortality. We investigated the temporal relationship between hemorrhage-resuscitation and sepsis survival. Male SD rats were subjected to hemorrhage and resuscitated with shed blood volumes of purified human hemoglobin solution (HS). Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) 24 h before, 0, 24, or 72 h after hemorrhage/resuscitation (H/R) and survival was monitored. In additional animals with or without Hb resuscitation, hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression and HO activity were assessed. Seven-day survival for animals resuscitated with HS prior to sepsis induction was significantly higher than other groups. Animals resuscitated with HS showed hepatic HO-1 gene expression while non-HS resuscitated animals did not. In addition, hepatic HO activity levels were significantly higher in HS resuscitated animals than non-HS resuscitated animals. In conclusion, HS resuscitation does not appear to enhance postresuscitation sepsis mortality. Rather, when conducted concomitantly or prior to sepsis, HS resuscitation appears to improve survival from a subsequent sepsis challenge.
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PMID:Temporal effect of hemoglobin resuscitation on sepsis survival. 1550 77


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