Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Evidence from numerical taxonomic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization supports the proposal of new species in the genera Actinobacillus and Pasteurella. The following new species are proposed: Actinobacillus rossii sp. nov., from the vaginas of postparturient sows; Actinobacillus seminis sp. nov., nom. rev., associated with epididymitis of sheep; Pasteurella bettii sp. nov., associated with human Bartholin gland abscess and finger infections; Pasteurella lymphangitidis sp. nov. (the BLG group), which causes bovine lymphangitis; Pasteurella mairi sp. nov., which causes abortion in sows; and Pasteurella trehalosi sp. nov., formerly biovar T of Pasteurella haemolytica, which causes septicemia in older lambs.
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PMID:Actinobacillus rossii sp. nov., Actinobacillus seminis sp. nov., nom. rev., Pasteurella bettii sp. nov., Pasteurella lymphangitidis sp. nov., Pasteurella mairi sp. nov., and Pasteurella trehalosi sp. nov. 222 8

We previously administered ara-C at a dose rate of 250 mg/m2/hr for 36-72 hr to patients with leukemia. Gastrointestinal toxicity was dose-limiting. This regimen was modified to an every other day schedule, administering 24-hr periods of high dose continuous infusion ara-C, each followed by a 24-hr rest period. Sixteen patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (N = 4), secondary AML (N = 2), relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (N = 7), or CML in blast crisis (N = 3) received this regimen of three 24-hr infusions with two intercurrent 24-hr rest periods. Grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity was encountered in 57% of the courses, and hypoplasia was achieved in all patients. Three of the patients died while hypoplastic, two with septicemia and another with intracranial hemorrhage. There were five responding patients (2 CRs, 3 PRs). Median steady-state plasma ara-C levels were 24 microM, 22 microM, and 20 microM during the first, second, and third 24-hr infusions, respectively. Ara-C levels ranged from 4-118 microM during the infusions and were always below 4.5 microM during the rest periods. A significant level of ara-C incorporation into DNA was detected in each of the five patients studied, thus demonstrating that (ara-C)DNA formation is detectable in blasts from patients receiving high dose continuous infusion ara-C therapy. These findings suggest that alternate day continuous infusion ara-C may be useful in the treatment of acute leukemia and CML in blast crisis.
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PMID:A phase I study of intermittent continuous infusion high dose cytosine arabinoside for acute leukemia. 224 7

It is recognised that prolonged anaesthesia with nitrous oxide (N2O) induces megaloblastic anaemia by oxidising vitamin B12. To determine whether sepsis aggravates the effect of N2O on haemopoiesis 5 patients with severe sepsis, who required surgery and were exposed to short-term (45-105 minutes) N2O anaesthesia, were studied. None had evidence of pre-operative vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. The effect of the combination of N2O anaesthesia and sepsis on DNA synthesis in bone marrow cells was assessed morphologically, and by the deoxyuridine suppression test. In 3 patients exposed to the longest duration (75-105 minutes) of N2O, addition of folinic acid and vitamin B12 partially improved the utilisation of deoxyuridine in vitro. No patient had evidence of megaloblastic haemopoiesis as judged by bone marrow morphology. It is concluded that prolonged N2O anaesthesia in patients with severe sepsis may adversely affect DNA synthesis. Although this effect did not manifest as overt megaloblastic erythropoiesis, it may be prudent to avoid N2O in such patients.
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PMID:The effect of sepsis and short-term exposure to nitrous oxide on the bone marrow and the metabolism of vitamin B12 and folate. 239 22

The primary structure of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), a trace plasma protein that binds to the lipid A moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), was deduced by sequencing cloned complementary DNA. LBP shares sequence identity with another LPS binding protein found in granulocytes, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, and with cholesterol ester transport protein of the plasma. LBP may control the response to LPS under physiologic conditions by forming high-affinity complexes with LPS that bind to monocytes and macrophages, which then secrete tumor necrosis factor. The identification of this pathway for LPS-induced monocyte stimulation may aid in the development of treatments for diseases in which Gram-negative sepsis or endotoxemia are involved.
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PMID:Structure and function of lipopolysaccharide binding protein. 240 37

In pursuing the mechanism of endotoxin action, we examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its chemically defined components, lipid A and lipid X on cultured bovine endothelial cells. We report that LPS and lipid A caused detachment and altered morphology of endothelial cells while lipid X did not. Phorbol myristate acetate, a compound known to activate protein kinase C, also caused endothelial cell detachment. Morphologic changes were readily apparent in the endothelial cells after 6 hours of exposure to lipopolysaccharide (1 microgram/ml); at that time many of the cells had contracted and formed bleblike structures on the surface. Large vacuoles, dense bodies, and pyknotic nuclei were found in the detaching cells, indicating necrosis or cell death. Preceding the morphologic changes and actual detachment, endothelial cell DNA and RNA synthesis was impaired by LPS. The changes in DNA and RNA synthesis occurred within 4 hours of exposure to 1 microgram/ml of LPS when the cells were still able to maintain normal levels of ATP. In addition to the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis was inhibited after 6 and 8 hours of LPS exposure. DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis returned to control levels after 24 hours of exposure. Investigation on the cultured bovine endothelial cells as a model for LPS action was useful in that these cells are sensitive to relatively low levels of LPS and the endothelium may be an important target in sepsis.
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PMID:Effects of lipopolysaccharide, lipid A, lipid X, and phorbol ester on cultured bovine endothelial cells. 245 32

Type III group B streptococci (GBS) are the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the United States. The important role of the type III polysaccharide capsule and of the terminal sialic acid moiety of the capsule in the virulence of GBS has been demonstrated by using Tn916 mutagenesis. Several of the transposon insertion sites that resulted in defective type III capsule synthesis were located in a 30-kilobase (kb) region of the chromosome. Hybridization analysis of two other type III strains that differed in their relative virulence and of GBS serotypes Ia, Ib, Ic, and II showed that this region of the chromosome was highly conserved. A repetitive 1.4-kb sequence was found only in the 30-kb region of the more virulent type III strain, COH 1. The Escherichia coli maxicell in vivo expression system and an in vitro coupled transcription-translation system successfully identified the proteins expressed from the 30-kb region. Comparison of the proteins expressed from the same DNA fragments in these two assays indicated that some of these proteins may contain leader sequences that would ultimately result in their secretion to the cell surface. Identification and further characterization of the genes and their products will provide the foundation for understanding the genetic and biochemical events in GBS capsular polysaccharide production.
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PMID:Molecular analysis of a region of the group B streptococcus chromosome involved in type III capsule expression. 255 Mar 69

To evaluate the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a major mediator of sepsis, on lung structure and function, we infused 200-g male Wistar rats with TNF (0, 2 x 10(5), or 4 x 10(5) U/kg of TNF) for 24 hours. Volume-pressure measurements were determined in the excised lungs using both air and saline, which eliminated surface tension forces. Total lung wet and dry weight, nitrogen level, and DNA and protein content were measured. Lungs of the rats that received TNF accepted significantly smaller volumes of air and saline at all pressures compared with the control group. Both the lung wet and dry weights increased with TNF. Lung DNA and protein content also increased, suggesting increased cellularity in the TNF-infused lungs. Thus, the lungs of the TNF-treated rats were stiffer, with reduced compliance values, and heavier due to increased water content and increased cellularity. These data indicate that sublethal administration of TNF in this rat model induces the adult respiratory distress syndrome and increases the work potential of respiration.
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PMID:Tumor necrosis factor induces adult respiratory distress syndrome in rats. 258 64

Electrophoretic study of the profile of plasmid DNA in agarose gel has shown the presence of a plasmid with a molecular weight of 55-60 MD in K. pneumoniae strains possessing antilysozyme activity. Plasmid pAlz60 of K. pneumoniae 22-110, isolated from the blood of a septicemia patient, is a fi- type conjugative plasmid. This plasmid is transferred to recipient strains of different species of enterobacteria with a frequency of 1 X 10(-5) to 1 X 10(-7). Simultaneously with the transfer of the plasmid, recipient cells inherit the antilysozyme markers and resistance to a number of drugs. The discovered plasmid has one restriction site for each of endonucleases EcoRI and XhoI and 16-20 sites for restrictases KpNI, BglII and Hind III.
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PMID:[Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae plasmid bearing the markers of drug resistance and antilysozyme activity]. 283 89

'Spontaneous' blood mononuclear cell DNA synthesis was studied in 83 bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients and 58 controls. Prior to BMT, patients with chronic myeloid leukemia had increased DNA synthesis, which decreased dramatically after conditioning and transplantation. After engraftment, patients with syngeneic marrow or allogeneic marrow without graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) had increased DNA synthesis compared to healthy controls. However, patients with acute GVHD (AGVHD) had a significantly increased DNA synthesis compared to patients without GVHD (p less than 0.001). DNA synthesis increased with increasing grade of AGVHD. Among patients with severe AGVHD, recipients of HLA-mismatched marrow had higher lymphocyte DNA synthesis at diagnosis of GVHD and maximum values compared to HLA-matched siblings (p less than 0.05). At diagnosis of GVHD, patients who developed grades II-IV GVHD with progressive disease had higher DNA synthesis, 23.9 +/- 4.0 x 10(3) c.p.m. (mean +/- SE) compared to 11.1 +/- 2.7 x 10(3) c.p.m. in patients in whom GVHD resolved (p less than 0.02). DNA synthesis during GVHD was lower in sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) compared to enriched non-E-RFC. Herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, bacterial septicemia and chronic GVHD had no major effect on lymphocyte DNA synthesis in these patients.
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PMID:DNA synthesis in human blood mononuclear cells correlates with severity of acute graft-versus-host disease. 284 39

CDC group DF-2 is the vernacular name given to a slow-growing gram-negative bacterium that causes septicemia and meningitis in humans. Infections frequently (one-third of cases) occur following dog bites or close contact with dogs or occasionally with cats. Splenectomy and alcoholism appear to be strong predisposing factors for DF-2 infection. In addition to 150 DF-2 strains received for identification, we received 9 DF-2-like strains; 6 were isolated from wound or eye infections, 3 of which were associated with dog bites and 1 of which was associated with a cat scratch, and 3 were isolated from dog mouths. The major characteristics of DF-2 include production of acid but no gas from lactose and maltose and usually D-glucose; positive reactions for oxidase, catalase, arginine dihydrolase, gliding motility, and o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside; growth enhanced by serum and by incubation in a candle jar atmosphere; and negative reactions for sucrose, raffinose, inulin, melibiose, nitrate reduction, indole, and growth on MacConkey agar. DF-2-like strains had the same characteristics, except that acid was formed from sucrose, raffinose, inulin, and melibiose. By the hydroxyapatite method, DNAs from 12 DF-2 strains were 88% related in 60 degrees C reactions and 84% related in 75 degrees C reactions. Related sequences contained 0.5 to 1.5% unpaired bases (divergence). Three DF-2-like strains were 73 to 80% related at 60 degrees C (with 2.0 to 2.5% divergence) and 68 to 75% related at 75 degrees C. The relatedness of DF-2 and DF-2-like strains was 19 to 31% at 60 degrees Celsius and 13 to 19% at 75 degrees Celsius. The relatedness of DF-2 and DF-2-like strains to Capnocytophaga species was 4 to 7%. The DNA relatedness date indicate that eh DF-2 and the DF-2-like strains are separate, previously undescribed species. Both groups are phenotypically and genetically distinct from Capnocytophaga species, although they do share several characteristics with Capnocytophaga species, including cellular morphology, gliding motility, cellular fatty acid composition, enhancement of growth in a candle jar atmosphere, and G+C content. The new species differ from Capnocytophaga species by their positive oxidase and catalase reactions. We chose to avoid creating a new genus and proposed the names Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp. nov. for group DF-2 and C. cynodegmi sp. nov. for the DF-2-like strains.
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PMID:Capnocytophaga canimorsus sp. nov. (formerly CDC group DF-2), a cause of septicemia following dog bite, and C. cynodegmi sp. nov., a cause of localized wound infection following dog bite. 291 17


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