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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cellular antigens extracted from the cells of four Staphylococcus aureus strains from different kinds of infections (sepsis, osteomyelitis, furunculosis) were analysed by the western blotting technique. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the strains was compared. One isolate was found to be MRSA strain. Sera samples from patients of whom strains were isolated and four sera from blood donors (as a control) were used in the investigation. IgG levels for purified staphylococcal antigens (lipase, alpha-toxin and teichoic acid) were estimated. Interaction between extracted bacterial antigens and serum antibodies of IgG class were analysed in homologous and heterologous systems. The most strong immunological reaction of the investigated sera with staphylococcal antigens was observed in the case of homologous system. Serum from sepsis patient was found to be the most reactive serum with all staphylococcal antigens mixtures.
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PMID:[Humoral response to Staphylococcus aureus antigens evaluated by the western blotting method]. 178 33

Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinically diagnosed cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) showed susceptibility to phage types belonging to both I and III groups (90.5%). Phage typing patterns showed a wide diversity among 87 toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) positive strains isolated from different non TSS clinical sources. Toxin producing strains isolated from both TSS and non TSS showed a remarkable ability to bind to crystal violet (pattern C/D, 97.2%) incorporated into brain heart infusion agar media at subinhibitory concentrations and these isolates were traced to biotype var. hominis. The cellular fatty acid compositions of TSS and non-TSS strains belonging to the three biotypes S. aureus var. hominis, S. aureus var. bovis and S. aureus var. canis did not differ. TSST-1 producing strains demonstrated a high salt aggregation test value (above 1.5) indicating a low cell surface hydrophobicity. Both TSS and non TSS strains demonstrated a high lipolytic activity. TSST-1 positive strains in general, showed significantly higher lipase activity than strains isolated from septicemia (p less than 0.0001) and superficial (p less than 0.0001) infections. The proteolytic activity is higher among TSS (median value 0.075 U/ml) than to non TSS (median value 0.045 U/ml) strains. There was no correlation with the quantity of toxin production in vitro and to the properties described.
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PMID:Crystal violet binding, cell surface properties and extracellular enzyme profiles of Staphylococcus aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. 266 86

Circulating phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been recognized as a mediator of circulatory collapse in experimental endotoxic shock. To assess the role of serum PLA2 in septic shock in man, we determined serum PLA2 profiles in a prospective study in 12 patients with septic shock. During the hypotensive phase of sepsis, serum PLA2 levels were consistently elevated as high as 33,428 U/ml (normal range 115 +/- 12 [SE]; n = 101). In all 12 patients, PLA2 levels correlated directly with the magnitude and duration of circulatory collapse (p less than .001), with a progressive fall of serum PLA2 levels during convalescence. In contrast, serum PLA2 levels in patients with cardiogenic shock secondary to myocardial infarction remained low. In pancreatitis, PLA2 levels paralleled fluctuations of serum amylase and lipase, whereas in septic shock without pancreatic involvement, PLA2 changes were discordant with changes in pancreatic enzymes. As well, septic shock serum PLA2 failed to crossreact by radioimmunoassay with antiserum against human pancreatic PLA2. These data are consistent with an extrapancreatic source of intravascular PLA2 release during sepsis. Since endogenous serum PLA2 levels correlate directly with the magnitude of hypotension in both experimental endotoxic shock and clinical septic shock, and since parenteral administration of purified exogenous PLA2 reproduces hypotension in experimental models, we conclude that high levels of intravascular PLA2 may contribute similarly to the circulatory collapse in septic shock in man.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of hypotension in septic shock: correlation of circulating phospholipase A2 levels with circulatory collapse. 333 73

Lipase production of 425 S. aureus strains isolated from patients with different clinical diagnoses and healthy carriers were measured by a specific method, using emulsified trioleoylglycerol substrate. Strains isolated from patients with septicemia showed significantly higher lipase activity than osteomyelitis strains (p = 0.011), impetigo strains (p = 0.002) and strains isolated from healthy relatives of patients with recurrent furunculosis (p = 0.019). Recurrent furunculosis and pyomyositis strains had significantly higher (p = 0.002 and 0.032, respectively) lipase activity than septicemia strains. S. aureus strains isolated from patients with a significant antibody response in an antilipase ELISA did not show a higher lipase activity in culture supernatants than strains from patients without a significant antibody response. The lipase activity was significantly higher in strains isolated from deep or subcutaneous infections, i.e., septicemia, pyomyositis, osteomyelitis, aerobic and anaerobic furunculosis, than in strains from superficial infections, i.e. impetigo, or from nasal mucosa.
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PMID:Lipolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus strains from disseminated and localized infections. 359 10

Phospholipase A (PLA) activity was measured with a semi-automated photometric test system that is based on liberation of fatty acids from phosphatidylcholine by phospholipases A1 (EC 3.1.1.32) and A2 (EC 3.1.1.4). We studied 528 serum samples from 86 patients whose lipase activities were increased owing to pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma, and extrapancreatic diseases. PLA activity showed no correlation with lipase or amylase activities or with the primary cause of the disease, but was clearly related to prognosis. Noncomplicated acute pancreatitis was characterized by "normal" PLA activities (0-10 U/L), whereas the values (50-137 U/L) were highest in necrotizing pancreatitis and septicemia with a lethal outcome. Changes in lipase and phospholipase A activities exhibited completely different time courses in the various diagnostic groups.
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PMID:Activity of phospholipase A compared in serum of patients with pancreatic and nonpancreatic diseases. 382 97

Purified Staphylococcus aureus lipase was used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detected IgG antibodies in 169 patients with infections due to S. aureus, in 122 patients with infections not due to S. aureus, and in 167 healthy controls. Eighty-eight percent (21 of 24) of the patients with endocarditis due to S. aureus showed a positive level of antibody to lipase or a significant change in antibody titer during the first month, as did 89% (17 of 19) and 28% (5 of 18) of the patients with complicated and uncomplicated septicemia due to S. aureus, respectively. The specificity for S. aureus infections was high; only one patient in the non-S. aureus endocarditis and septicemia groups showed a significant rise in antibody titer, and this rise did not reach a positive antibody level. Patients with recurrent furunculosis or chronic osteomyelitis due to S. aureus responded in only 15% and 23% of cases, respectively. We suggest that the antibody-to-lipase ELISA could be used as a valuable complement to other serological assays in diagnosing serious S. aureus infections because of its high sensitivity and specificity.
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PMID:A new serological assay for Staphylococcus aureus infections: detection of IgG antibodies to S. aureus lipase with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 403 44

Pseudomonas cepacia infections which follow a fulminant course and which include septicemia are being reported with increasing frequency from cystic fibrosis patients. Forty-eight P. cepacia isolates from cystic fibrosis patients were screened for production of potential virulence factors. A majority of strains tested produced protease and lipase. Eleven strains harbored plasmids of approximate molecular weights in the range 50 X 10(6) to 100 X 10(6). Twenty-two strains produced a smooth lipopolysaccharide. Studies are presently under way to determine the role of these potential virulence factors in the pathogenesis of P. cepacia disease.
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PMID:Characterization of Pseudomonas cepacia isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis. 669 52

Considering the possibility that during septicemic processes, pancreatitis could develop, 10 infants were studied when the clinical diagnosis of septicemia was established. With this purpose, the clinical manifestations present in the patients were recorded and the activities of serum amilase and lipase were determined at 24 hour intervals during the first three days and these studies were repeated on the 5th and 7th days. The results showed an abnormally high serum lipase activity, especially in 6 of the 10 infants. The amilase was found within normal limits with a tendency to drop in certain cases. This information suggest the presence of acute pancreatitis in some of the subjects studied.
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PMID:[Pancreatitis in infants with a clinical diagnosis of septicemia]. 697 58

Although the incidence of Gram-positive sepsis has risen strongly, it is unclear how Gram-positive organisms (without endotoxin) initiate septic shock. We investigated whether two cell wall components from Staphylococcus aureus, peptidoglycan (PepG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), can induce the inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) associated with septic shock caused by Gram-positive organisms. In cultured macrophages, LTA (10 micrograms/ml), but not PepG (100 micrograms/ml), induces the release of nitric oxide measured as nitrite. PepG, however, caused a 4-fold increase in the production of nitrite elicited by LTA. Furthermore, PepG antibodies inhibited the release of nitrite elicited by killed S. aureus. Administration of both PepG (10 mg/kg; i.v.) and LTA (3 mg/kg; i.v.) in anesthetized rats resulted in the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma and MODS, as indicated by a decrease in arterial oxygen pressure (lung) and an increase in plasma concentrations of bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase (liver), creatinine and urea (kidney), lipase (pancreas), and creatine kinase (heart or skeletal muscle). There was also the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in these organs, circulatory failure, and 50% mortality. These effects were not observed after administration of PepG or LTA alone. Even a high dose of LTA (10 mg/kg) causes only circulatory failure but no MODS. Thus, our results demonstrate that the two bacterial wall components, PepG and LTA, work together to cause systemic inflammation and multiple systems failure associated with Gram-positive organisms.
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PMID:The cell wall components peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus act in synergy to cause shock and multiple organ failure. 747 84

Twenty isolates of Pasteurella (Moraxella) anatipestifer from ducks with serositis and septicemia in Thailand between 1988 and 1989 were characterized by various tests. Eighteen isolates fermented glucose and maltose, 3 fructose and 1 each mannose, arabinose, trehalose or sorbitol. All isolates produced gelatinase but not urease, while 2, 3, 5 and 6 produced indole, were CAMP positive, and were proteolytic for milk and coagulated serum respectively. Seven enzymes, phosphatase alkaline, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, phosphatase acid and phosphoamidase were detected from all the isolates. The isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin, erythromycin, penicillin G and tylosin. Gel-diffusion precipitin tests demonstrated that serotype 1 was most prevalent (60%) and serotype 6 followed (5%). Seven isolates (35%) were untypable. These results indicated that P. anatipestifer of serotype 1 played an important role in recent outbreaks of the disease in Thailand.
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PMID:Physiological characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Pasteurella anatipestifer isolated from ducks in Thailand. 820 23


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