Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro studies have shown that phagocytic cells are capable of undergoing activation in response to inflammatory signals and that the activation process is quite complex. A relationship between polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism has been seen in humans. We have sequentially examined circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from a total of 13 postoperative swine with either no sepsis, untreated intraabdominal sepsis, or treated intraabdominal sepsis to determine phagocytic activity over 8 postoperative days (POD). Products of the oxidative burst (i.e., myeloperoxidase) reduced the phagocytic activity of nonseptic swine PMN. Phagocytic activity was augmented by inhibiting the nonseptic swine oxidative burst with 10 mM sodium azide (an inhibitor of myeloperoxidase). In swine with untreated intraabdominal sepsis, PMN Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis exhibited a biphasic response. An initial (between POD1 and POD4) increase in PMN function was followed by a subsequent (between POD4 and POD8) decrease in PMN function. Partial preservation of phagocytic capability was seen when swine were reexplored on POD4 and had their intraabdominal sepsis treated. These results indicate that (1) as in humans, nonseptic swine PMN Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis is augmented by inhibition of the PMN respiratory burst; (2) untreated intraabdominal sepsis produces an initial increase and subsequent decrease in PMN Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis; (3) early treatment of intraabdominal sepsis results in partial restoration of PMN Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis.
 ...
PMID:Intraabdominal sepsis: effects on polymorphonuclear leukocyte Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. 235 94

The immunophysical characteristics of 29 Serratia marcescens strains isolated from hospitalized patients in three different cities were studied. Their outer membrane antigens were compared by solid-phase radioimmunoassay inhibition, and their proteinase K-treated, whole-cell lysates were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblot analysis. The strains had a limited number of unique outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsular polysaccharide (K) antigens. By solid-phase radioimmunoassay inhibition, these strains could be divided into four distinct LPS and five K antigenic groups. By SDS-PAGE, the LPS groups could be further divided into three distinct SDS-PAGE core polysaccharide profiles and five distinct O-side-chain polysaccharide profiles. Immunoblot analysis with rabbit antiserum confirmed the limited heterogeneity of these isolates. Of the strains tested, no PAGE profile was unique to blood or nonblood isolates or to organisms collected from a given hospital. Variability of O and core PAGE profiles was not a function of organism growth cycle. Five representative Serratia strains were tested by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis and in a bactericidal assay with normal human serum. We found that (i) the normal human serum had antibodies to the LPS of each of the strains, (ii) the anti-LPS antibody measured by immunoblot did not correlate with the level of bactericidal activity in the normal human serum, (iii) three of four sepsis isolates were serum sensitive, (iv) two Serratia strains serum sensitive in log-phase growth became serum resistant in late stationary-phase growth and under limiting nutrient conditions, and (v) no LPS PAGE profile distinguished serum-sensitive from serum-resistant strains.
 ...
PMID:Immunophysical characterization of human isolates of Serratia marcescens. 240 11

Vitronectin, also known as serum-spreading factor or S-protein, mediates cell adhesion and inhibits formation of the membrane-lytic complex of complement and the rapid inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III in the presence of heparin. Vitronectin is normally present in plasma at a concentration of approximately 300 micrograms/mL. The investigators quantified plasma vitronectin with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and visualized reduced and nonreduced vitronectin by immunoblotting after separation of plasma or serum by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The concentration of plasma vitronectin was markedly reduced in some patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, especially in those with liver failure; it was near normal in patients with metastatic cancer and acute leukemia. Patients with vitronectin levels less than 40% normal invariably had low fibrinogen and antithrombin III and a prolonged prothrombin time. In both normal and patient plasmas there was heterogeneity in the ratio of the 75,000- and 65,000-mol wt polypeptides of reduced vitronectin: 18% had mostly the 75,000-mol wt polypeptide, 59% had roughly equal amounts of the two polypeptides, and 22% had mostly the 65,000-mol wt polypeptide. This polymorphism is inherited and appears to be due to two alleles that are present with approximately equal frequency. The blotting patterns of vitronectin in reduced and nonreduced plasmas were largely unaltered in plasma of patients with defibrination syndrome, fibrinolysis, liver failure, sepsis, metastatic cancer, and acute leukemia. There was no evidence of fragmentation of vitronectin or formation of the disulfide-bonded complex of vitronectin and thrombin-antithrombin III that is found when blood is clotted. Thus these results corroborate in vitro observations that the liver is the major source of plasma vitronectin, suggest that vitronectin may become depleted during disseminated intravascular coagulation, and define a genetic polymorphism of vitronectin.
 ...
PMID:Plasma vitronectin polymorphism in normal subjects and patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. 245 67

After Norwood's initial report of successful first-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome in neonates, the occurrence of distal aortic obstructions, shunt problems, and late deaths have led to modifications in the surgical technique. Between January 1986 and December 1987, 12 neonates from three to 16 days old underwent stage I palliation with the same objectives. An open atrial septectomy was always performed. The pulmonary artery bifurcation was transected from the main pulmonary artery and closed with an aortic homograft patch. The aortotomy was begun 2 cm below the patent ductus arteriosus insertion and extended across the transverse arch and down the ascending aorta. The neoaorta was constructed using the hypoplastic ascending aorta-transverse aortic arch, the main pulmonary artery, and an aortic homograft augmentation patch. The homograft is hemostatic and pliable, and molds well in forming the neoaorta. A 4-mm shunt was inserted between the right innominate artery and the right pulmonary artery in 5 patients and the neoaorta and the pulmonary artery bifurcation patch in 7 patients. The early systemic oxygen saturation was optimized at 75% to 80% with hyperventilation, high concentration of inspired oxygen, sodium bicarbonate, and the frequent use of vasopressors to maintain an arterial blood pressure of 65 to 75 mm Hg. Two patients (17%) died early after operation; 1 had severe right ventricular dysfunction and both had severe tricuspid regurgitation. There were 2 late deaths at 7 and 13 months, of sepsis and hypoxia. The 8 survivors (67%) continue to do well over follow-up. The preoperative tricuspid regurgitation has remained stable in 3 survivors and disappeared in 2 survivors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Stage I palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: the importance of neoaorta construction. 247 72

We retrospectively analyzed the gastrointestinal complications observed in 119 patients who had ingested corrosive agents. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were the agents involved in 62% of patients. Women predominated over men (p less than 0.001); mean age was 36 for males and 29 for women (p less than 0.05). Endoscopy was performed in 55% of patients and revealed acute lesions in 69%. Complications were observed in 18% of patients requiring surgery in 12 (10%). Main complications included sepsis of abdominal or mediastinal origin and gastrointestinal bleeding. Mortality among these patients was 73%.
 ...
PMID:[Early complications of caustic injuries of the digestive tract]. 251 64

Because of the improvement resuscitation techniques have shown since the 1960s and because of the development of the out-of-hospital medical care, a cardiac arrest is no longer synonymous with death in every case. However the cardiac arrest resuscitation is only relevant if its adverse consequences can be limited. That is mainly the neurological after-effects and the cellular anoxia. Therefore, the "Service d'Aide Medicale Urgente" (SAMU) of Lyon has been concentrating its research aiming at: (a) Shortening the duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to limit the cerebral anoxia. (b) Analysing and treating some of the causes responsible for the aggravation of anoxia. On the basis of several studies in Lyon, here are some suggestions: (1) The use of high doses of epinephrine that unables a better percentage of primary recoveries (47.5% vs. 39%) (P less than 0.05) and secondary recoveries (21.3% vs. 14.8%) (P less than 0.01) without modifying the qualitative survival at long term. (On the basis of: 5 mg intravenous bolus repeated every 3 min in case of asystole instead of 1 mg every 5 min as it is usually recommended). (2) The choice of a peripheral intravenous line instead of a central intravenous line each time it is possible for the administration of drugs since it is as efficient as the second one. (40.7% vs. 33.4%) (P:NS). (3) The alkalinisation of the prolonged cardiac arrest in order to keep the acid-base balance. Most of the survivors show a pH equal or superior to the normal standard. (On the basis of 1 mmol/kg of sodium bicarbonate if the cardiac arrest lasts for more than 10 min). (4) The abolition of the dextrose solution as maintaining infusion the patients who are in a "coma depasse" (brain death) after the resuscitation have an average glycemia superior to the survivors without after-effects. (19.7 vs. 14.8 mmol/l) (P less than 0.05). (5) The monitoring at once at the hospital of the intra-cranial pressure. It reveals the frequency of high pression at an early stage (superior to 15 mmHg in 51.1% of the cases) and the absence of favourable evolution in case of high intracranial pressure. At the moment the absence of consequences on the ICR of a calcium entry blocker (Nimodipine) is being studied. The first results do not seem to show any improvement of the cerebral survival. (6) The prophylactic treatment of septicemia with intestinal origin since they occur frequently and prove to be fatal.
 ...
PMID:Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the teaching of experience at the SAMU of Lyon. 255 Oct 23

During a 6-month period in 1987, 13 low birth weight neonates without indwelling central intravascular catheters had persistent (positive blood cultures for greater than or equal to 6 days) coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia despite adequate antibiotic therapy. Daily blood cultures remained persistently positive for a mean of 13 days (range 6 to 25 days). This group of infants was compared with other low birth weight infants with similar birth weights and nonpersistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia, defined as two or more positive blood cultures accompanied by supporting clinical manifestations of sepsis. During this period, coagulase-negative staphylococcal represented 29% of all bacteremias, and 33% of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremias were persistent. Other than soft tissue abscesses, none of the infants with persistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia had a defined focus of infection. Abdominal distention (P = .001) and thrombocytopenia (P less than .03) occurred significantly more frequently in the patients with persistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia than in those with nonpersistent bacteremia. Of the 13 patients with persistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia, 2 received methicillin and 11 received vancomycin. No antibiotic tolerance to either antibiotic could be demonstrated. Serum concentrations of vancomycin far exceeded the minimum bactericidal concentration in all cases in which vancomycin was prescribed. No in vitro differences could be demonstrated between persistent and nonpersistent coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains for slime production, biotype, proteins from modified whole cell lysates developed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and opsonophagocytosis by adult neutrophils in the presence of pooled human sera. Additionally, plasmid profile analysis and phage typing revealed no common strain causing the persistent bacteremia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Persistent bacteremia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci in low birth weight neonates. 235 74

Four groups of 8 horses each had 1 midcarpal joint injected with 33 colony-forming units (CFU) of viable Staphylococcus aureus plus: 1 ml of saline solution (group 1, control), 250 mg of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG, group 2), 100 mg of methylprednisolone acetate (group 3), or 20 mg of sodium hyaulronate (group 4). Horses were euthanatized, and samples were obtained on the basis of clinical signs of septic arthritis that were nonresponsive to phenylbutazone administration. One group-1 horse, all 8 group-2 horses, 3 group-3 horses, and 4 group-4 horses were culture-positive for S aureus and had clinical signs, results of synovial fluid analysis, and histopathologic findings that were consistent with sepsis. The addition of 250 mg of PSGAG increased the development of sepsis significantly (P = 0.001), compared with results in control horses. Differences in the development of sepsis between horses injected with methylprednisolone acetate or sodium hyaluronate and control horses were not significant.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the effect of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan, corticosteroids, and sodium hyaluronate in the potentiation of a subinfective dose of Staphylococcus aureus in the midcarpal joint of horses. 261 Apr 26

Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IMP/CS) was administered to patients with severe infections complicated by hematological disorders and solid tumors to assess its efficacy and safety. Primary diseases in this series of 76 cases included 37 cases of hematological disorders (acute leukemia in 25 cases, malignant lymphoma in 7 cases, aplastic anemia in 3 cases and 2 other diseases) and 38 cases of solid tumors (lung cancer in 7 cases, gastric cancer in 11 cases, esophageal cancer in 6 cases, pancreatic cancer in 3 cases, bile duct cancer in 4 cases, hepatocellular cancer in 3 cases, and 4 other diseases). Following results were obtained. 1. Types of infection in hematological diseases were sepsis in 5 cases, suspected sepsis in 24 cases, pneumonia in 5 cases and 3 others. The efficacy rates were 100% in sepsis, 62.5% in suspected sepsis, 80% in pneumonia and 73% in all cases. 2. Types of infection in solid tumors were sepsis in 2 cases, suspected sepsis in 13 cases, pneumonia in 10 cases, cholecystitis in 2 cases, cholangitis in 5 cases, liver abscess in 2 cases, and 4 others. The efficacy rates were 50% in sepsis, 69.2% in suspected sepsis, 80% in pneumonia, and 71.1% in all cases. 3. IPM/CS was administered in single use in 66 cases and in combination with other antibiotics in 9 cases. The efficacy rate in the single use was 72.7% and that in the combination use was 66.7%. 4. The efficacy rate in 35 cases of first use was 71.4% and that in 40 cases of second use was 72.5%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium against severe infections complicated with hematological disorders and solid tumors]. 261 13

Alterations in skeletal muscle cellular function during septic shock have been previously demonstrated. However, whether these alterations represent a specific response to the septic state or are simply a consequence of low flow is uncertain. The present study was designed to evaluate the cellular membrane response to the early bacteremic state, prior to the onset of hemodynamic compromise. A clinically relevant model of sepsis was achieved in six mongrel dogs by intraarterial infusion of live Escherichia coli organisms and concurrent volume loading with lactated Ringer's solution. Four sham-treated dogs served as controls. Forty-eight hours after induction of sepsis, resting transmembrane potential (Em) was measured in a hindlimb adductor muscle. Contemporaneous muscle biopsy was performed for determination of transmembrane water and electrolyte distribution. The bacteremic state was associated with depolarization of Em to -79.7 +/- 1.2 mV from a basal value of -89.3 +/- 0.2 mV (P less than 0.01), while Em in the sham-treated group remained unchanged over the same time course. In addition, there was a significant increase in the calculated intracellular Na+ and Cl- concentrations in the septic group (P less than 0.02), while intracellular K+ was unchanged. These data are consistent with a selective increase in cell membrane permeability to Na+ and indicate that cellular alterations in skeletal muscle occur early in the septic course, in the absence of hemodynamic compromise. This alteration in membrane permeability appears to be common to cells of disparate organ systems in response to sepsis, and may represent a protean manifestation of cellular injury.
 ...
PMID:Assessment of the early cellular membrane response to live Escherichia coli bacteremia. 264 89


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>