Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the in vivo effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in primates (cynomolgus monkeys) treated with subcutaneous doses of rhG-CSF for 14-28 d. A dose-dependent increase in the peripheral white blood cells (WBC) was seen, reaching a plateau after 1 wk of rhG-CSF treatment. The elevation of WBC was due to an increase in the absolute neutrophil count. These results demonstrate that rhG-CSF is a potent granulopoietic growth and differentiation factor in vivo. In cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced myelosuppression, rhG-CSF was able to shorten the time period of WBC recovery in two treated monkeys to 1 wk, as compared to more than 4 wk for the control monkey. Its ability to significantly shorten the period of chemotherapy-induced bone marrow hypoplasia may allow clinicians to increase the frequency or dosage of chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, the increase in absolute numbers of functionally active neutrophils may have a profound effect in the rate and severity of neutropenia-related sepsis. Furthermore, the activities reported here indicate a potential role for rhG-CSF in the treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, congenital agranulocytosis, radiation-induced myelosuppression, and bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Effects on hematopoiesis in normal and cyclophosphamide-treated primates. 349 94

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) has traditionally been employed as an oral formulation for infections in ambulatory pediatric patients. However, therapeutic concentrations of TMP and SMZ in serum and CSF are more consistently attained after intravenous administration. Serum half-life increases with the age of the child, and few significant toxic effects are observed with intravenous administration. Either the necessity to optimize bioavailability because of the underlying seriousness of disease or a desire to avoid other drugs that may be responsible for adverse reactions or hypersensitivity should direct the clinician to administer an intravenous preparation. Serious pediatric infections that might warrant the consideration of intravenous TMP-SMZ include shigellosis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, nocardiosis, gram-negative bacillary septicemia or meningitis, and infections due to Pneumocystis carinii and malarial parasites. Infections due to Listeria will respond to TMP-SMZ, and infections due to Citrobacter diversus, Acinetobacter species, Pseudomonas cepacia, and Flavobacterium meningosepticum are especially susceptible to TMP-SMZ.
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PMID:Use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in pediatric infections: relative merits of intravenous administration. 355 55

Between January of 1983 and December 1984, 11 strains of pneumococci resistant to penicillin were isolated, from a total of 46 strains studied with clinical signification, thus accounting for 23.9%. In nine cases (19.5%) pneumococci showed partial resistance to penicillin and in two strains (4.3%) resistance was total. Pneumococcal disease in our 11 patients was demonstrated by blood culture in 7 cases and by culture of the CSF, in 4. Diagnosis of the patients were as follows: 4 sepsis in immunosuppressed host, 2 bacteremia without an evident focus, 1 pneumonia, 3 meningitis and 1 ventriculitis. Vancomycin and rifampin are the most active in this cases. Some of the new cephalosporins of the third generation (cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) and cefuroxime have a good activity in vitro and a good passage to the CSF.
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PMID:[Pneumococci resistant to penicillin]. 360 77

We report the result of the bacteriological samples performed for 5 years (1980-1984) in neonates, referred to the neonate unit of the hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, for infection (2,894 infants). The CSF tests show aseptic meningitis in 4% of the cases and in 0.4% meningitis with bacteria on the direct examination and in culture. We emphasize the interest of carrying out the soluble bacterial antigen assay (Strepto B, Coli K1) to find out the bacteria involved in the meningitis. 13.7% of the infants have one or several positive blood culture. The germ is a E. Coli in 30% of the cases, and less frequently a streptococcus D. They are few listeria. In 1984, the frequency of streptococcus B is increasing. Septicemia due to anaerobic germs or Candida Albicans emerge during the stay in the unit. Among 12,704 bacteriological urine analysis, we compare the real urinary infections (in which the enterobacteria are the main strain: 75.3%) and the significant bacteriuria.
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PMID:[5-year evaluation of bacteriological samples (CSF, blood cultures, urine) in neonatology]. 377 22

To establish the prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in infants up to 3 months of age with suspected sepsis, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine specimens from 203 patients with clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis were cultured for Mycoplasma in addition to routine bacterial cultures. Proved bacterial infections were identified in 24 patients, four of whom had bacteremia. M. hominis and U. urealyticum were not isolated from any of the 191 blood and 199 CSF specimens tested. Of 170 specimens of urine cultured for Mycoplasma, M. hominis was isolated in six patients, U. urealyticum in nine patients, and both organisms in one patient. Twelve of the positive cultures were voided urine specimens, and four were suprapubic bladder aspiration specimens. Genital mycoplasmas appear to be uncommon causes of sepsis or meningitis in young infants. Further studies are required to assess their role in abnormal conditions of the urinary tract in childhood.
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PMID:Role of genital mycoplasmas in young infants with suspected sepsis. 378 41

Our experience with 74 neonates with myelomeningocoele is reported. Management in the first phase of the study period consisted of primary closure in 37 patients by wide undermining and skin advancement, marked by a high wound-complication rate. Latissimus dorsi muscle closure, either "reverse" or advanced, was performed in a transitional phase in 5 patients, characterized by increased operative time and blood loss. In the last portion of the study period, 32 patients were managed by immediate dural closure and skin grafts either simultaneously or on a delayed basis at 48 to 72 hours with a low incidence of graft loss, CSF leak, or sepsis. Back ulceration and follow-up in either the primary closure or the skin-grafted group has been infrequent.
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PMID:Wound closure of the myelomeningocoele defect. 388 77

Four patients with acute leukemias resistant to various ARA-C containing regimens and one patient with rapidly progressive malignant nonseminomatous tumor of the testis, who failed to conventional therapy were treated with HD ARA-C from december 1979 to september 1980. The drug was monitored by HPLC in plasma and in CSF. The first patient received only one course of HD ARA-C, developed fever and died of septicemia ten days later. The leucocyte count of her AML (FAB 2) decreased from 120,000/microliter to 30,000/microliter on the third day after HD ARA-C. Patient 2 reached CR criteria of the bone marrow for 23 days, then resistant AML (FAB 2) recurred. A male patient of 30 years was treated for recurrent acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) with a high cumulative dose of 176 gs of ARA-C. The repeated courses of treatment included a period of 50 days of CR. Toxicity was remarkable including pulmonal and cerebral dysfunction. A fourth patient with monocytic leukemia did not respond to HD ARA-C, neither did the patient with the malignant teratoma. Adverse reactions were tolerable. Only the third patient suffered from severe toxicity, pneumonitis, blurring vision, cerebral dysfunction and dermatitis. His pretreatment regimen had included X-ray prophylaxis to the skull. Since there was no possibility to prolong the remission duration in 1980, we decided not to treat further patients with HD ARA-C. Nowadays bone marrow transplantation offers some patients a capability of eradication of the leukemic disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Results of therapy with high-dose cytosine arabinoside]. 388 22

Lactate concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of 104 patients were determined by the Monotest Lactate Kit. Lactate values were found higher in cases of bacterial meningitis than in patients not suffering from acute CNS disorders. Elevated lactate levels were also found in patients suffering from aseptic meningitis, septicemia, CNS trauma and cerebrovascular accidents, seizures and diabetes mellitus. The highest levels were found in cases of bacterial meningitis, but there was considerable overlapping between the groups. CSF lactate thus appears to have limited diagnostic value in the differential diagnosis between bacterial meningitis and other diseases with meningeal involvement.
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PMID:Value of CSF lactate in the differential diagnosis between bacterial meningitis and other diseases with meningeal involvement. 398 42

Samples of CSF, serum, and urine from 162 children with a clinical diagnosis of possible bacterial infection were examined by CIE within 1 hr of admission to the hospital. Results obtained were compared to information derived from gram stain and bacterial cultures of these specimens. Thirty-eight of 59 patients with culturally proved bacterial infections had positive CIE determinations at the time of admission. Highest correlation between culture and CIE results was in patients with meningitis due to Hemophilus influenzae type b while poorest correlation was obtained in children with pneumococcal septicemia. PRP within serum or CSF was quantitated on 21 occasions in patients with H. influenzae meningitis. Patients who experienced sequelae of their meningitis had significantly (p less than 0.005-0.025) higher levels of PRP within CSF and serum than those whose recovery was uneventful.
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PMID:Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis in the evaluation of childhood infections. 415 36

Pyogenic meningitis became apparent on the third day of ampicillin and gentamicin therapy for Aeromonas hydrophila sepsis in a patient with severe alcoholic hepatitis. The patient responded clinically to therapy with intravenous cefotaxime sodium and gentamicin sulfate. Antibiotic therapy that provides adequate CSF concentrations should be considered in the treatment of patients with Aeromonas sepsis.
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PMID:Pyogenic meningitis manifesting during therapy for Aeromonas hydrophila sepsis. 609 81


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