Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Systemic sepsis is associated with reduced mesenteric blood flow and impairment of metabolic and barrier functions of the small intestine. A study was performed in the rat to investigate the effect of sepsis induced by caecal ligation and double puncture on intestinal absorption of leucine and proline in vivo. Absorption was studied 24 h after caecal ligation and puncture by measuring intestinal disappearance and circulatory appearance of intraluminal 3H-labelled amino acid over a 60-min study period. Peritonitis resulted in a significant increase relative to controls in the mean (s.e.m.) percentage of leucine (67.2(3.6) versus 18.0(3.5), P < 0.001) and proline (64.7(6.0) versus 15.1(3.7), P < 0.001) remaining within the small intestine. There were significant decreases in portal venous and femoral arterial concentrations of leucine and proline in animals with sepsis. Intestinal amino acid absorption is impaired in this model.
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PMID:Peritonitis impairs intestinal absorption of proline and leucine in the rat. 817 98

Twenty isolates of Pasteurella (Moraxella) anatipestifer from ducks with serositis and septicemia in Thailand between 1988 and 1989 were characterized by various tests. Eighteen isolates fermented glucose and maltose, 3 fructose and 1 each mannose, arabinose, trehalose or sorbitol. All isolates produced gelatinase but not urease, while 2, 3, 5 and 6 produced indole, were CAMP positive, and were proteolytic for milk and coagulated serum respectively. Seven enzymes, phosphatase alkaline, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, phosphatase acid and phosphoamidase were detected from all the isolates. The isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin, erythromycin, penicillin G and tylosin. Gel-diffusion precipitin tests demonstrated that serotype 1 was most prevalent (60%) and serotype 6 followed (5%). Seven isolates (35%) were untypable. These results indicated that P. anatipestifer of serotype 1 played an important role in recent outbreaks of the disease in Thailand.
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PMID:Physiological characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Pasteurella anatipestifer isolated from ducks in Thailand. 820 23

The objectives of these experiments were to investigate the effect of Gln supplementation on protein metabolism and immune function in septic rats. (Experiment 1): 73 SD female rats were catheterized for TPN into the jugular vein on day 1. On day 4, the rats were randomized into 4 group: 1) control (C)+Standard TPN (STPN), 2) (C)+Gln TPN (GTPN), 3) sepsis (S)+STPN, 4) S+GTPN. Sepsis was induced by injection of 10(10) C. Coli/kg from the TPN catheter. U-14C-leucine or 15N2-Urea was given before sacrifice on day 5. (Experiment 2): 48 SD male rats were randomized into 3 groups, 1) normal control rat (NC), fed as lib. 2) peritonitis (P)+STPN, 3) P+GTPN. On day 1, 34 rats were catheterized and either STPN or GTPN was begun. On day 3, 6 hours after serum cecum ligation and puncture, resuscitation was done. On day 5, rats were sacrificed. The results were as follows: 1) FSR of ileum, proximal colon, distal colon and muscle were augmented by GTPN, 2) Sepsis caused a significant increase of urea production, but GTPN prevented this increase, 3) lymphocyte blastogenation was decreased with sepsis, but GTPN improved this reduction, 4) Phagocytic index was higher with GTPN than STPN. We concluded that Gln supplementation would prevent from leading the patients with severe infection to the multiple organ failure.
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PMID:[Glutamine (Gln) supplementation in septic rats]. 823 82

This study of the plasma aminogram was done on 35 patients with a moderate to high level of stress and/or sepsis. For the criteria of illness, the SAPS (Simplified Acute Physiological Score) was used on their admission to the intensive Care Unit, and the diagnosis of sepsis was established according to the criteria of Jacobs and Boone. The stress level was calculated according to Bistrian. The plasma aminogram was determined with High Resolution Liquid Chromatography. The plasma samples were taken while nutrient units containing what is considered a standard solution of amino acids were infused. The eight essential amino acids (EAA) and 10 non-essential were quantified. The ratio of ramified to aromatic amino acids (RAA/AAA) was calculated by Fisher's criteria. An increase in AAA (phenylalanine, p < 0.001, and tyrosine, NS) and sulphur containing amino acids (methionine, p < 0.001) was found. The RAA were within normal ranges (valine) or increased (leucine, p < 0.001 and isoleucine, p < 0.001). The RAA/AAA ratio was reduced, p < 0.0001. Glycine was increased, p < 0.0001 and alanine reduced, p < 0.05. Glutamine and glutamic acid were reduced, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01 as was arginine, p < 0.001. No difference was found in the total concentration of AA. The results confirm the standard plasma aminogram described in situations of metabolic stress and/or sepsis.
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PMID:[Plasma aminogram in critical patients]. 846 96

Immunosuppressed prematures, cancer patients, and transplant recipients are susceptible to bacterial or fungal sepsis or both. This report evaluates whether the ability of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) to remove blood-borne viable radiolabeled 35S Escherichia coli and 3H-Leucine Candida albicans is adversely affected by a dual intravenous challenge of these organisms. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 150) weighing 175 to 180 g were placed in 5 experimental groups (n = 30). Group I received intravenous (IV) C albicans (10(7)/mL), group II received E coli (10(9)/mL), group III received a dual injection of C albicans and E coli, group IV received Candida 1 hour prior to E coli, and group V received E coli 1 hour prior to fungi. At 1, 4, and 24 hours, tissue samples (50 to 100 mg) of liver, spleen, kidneys, and lungs were processed for liquid scintillation counting. Organ distribution of bacteria and fungi was calculated and expressed as mean percent +/- SD of labeled organisms. The liver trapped 72% +/- 10% and the lungs 1.1% +/- 0.3% of E coli (group II) (P < .001). The organ distribution of Candida (group I), however, was similar in liver and lungs (42.5% +/- 10% and 41.4% +/- 6.4%, respectively). Liver localization of E coli was unaffected by simultaneous or staggered fungal injection (groups III, 4, and V). Lung distribution of E coli following dual injection (group III) was significantly higher than controls (group II) (3.6% +/- 0.7% v 1.1% +/- 0.3%; P < .001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Blood clearance and organ localization of Candida albicans and E coli following dual infection in rats. 846 41

The integrin CD11b is an important adhesion molecule mediating the transendothelial migration of circulating polymorphonuclear granulocytes into an inflammatory region. The expression of CD11b is closely related to the ability to polymerize actin, a major component of the cytoskeleton within the phagocyte. In this study we compared the CD11b expression as well as the polymerization of actin of isolated neutrophils from patients endangered by sepsis with cells from healthy donors. The patient population was subdivided into a group of patients with severe thermal injuries and a group of patients who were admitted to an intensive care unit on suspicion of sepsis. The following results were obtained: (1) cells from burn patients, but not from non-burn patients, showed a reduced basal expression of CD11b during the first week after the burn trauma; (2) stimulation with the chemotactic peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) led to a strong overexpression of CD11b on the cells from the burn patients, this effect was not observed using cells of the second subgroup; (3) the content of polymerized actin was reduced within resting and stimulated cells from burn patients during the first 2 weeks postinjury, non-burn patient cells showed an enhanced F-actin content within the first week; (4) the ability of burn and non-burn patient cells to polymerize actin after stimulation with FMLP was slightly impaired during the first week post injury/admission. The results demonstrate that cells from patients endangered by sepsis show dysfunctions on the level of adhesion molecule expression and the strongly related actin polymerization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Expression of the adhesion molecule CD11b and polymerization of actin by polymorphonuclear granulocytes of patients endangered by sepsis. 855 83

Peritoneal sepsis results in downregulation of the gene that codes for the hepatic mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT). The inhibition of hepatic CPT transcription by sepsis is thought to be mediated, in part, by increased expression of the leucine-zipper DNA transcription factor c-fos. In a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model, we examined the temporal effect of surgical treatment (cecal excision) on sepsis-induced inhibition of CPT gene expression. We investigated the hypothesis that Fos protein level will inversely correlate with the regulation of CPT gene expression. Specifically, we studied hepatic Fos nucleoprotein accumulation and CPT gene expression as measured by total mitochondrial CPT activity, CPT protein, and CPT mRNA. We investigated the following groups: (i) CLP followed by cecal excision 6, 12, or 24 hr following initial insult, (ii) concurrent CLP control group, and (iii) concurrent sham CLP reference group. When measured 48 hr following initial surgical insult, we conclude that: (i) in the absence of surgical treatment, peritoneal contamination results in a decrease in hepatic CPT gene expression and an increase in Fos nucleoprotein accumulation; (ii) surgical treatment at 6 or 12 hr following initial insult prevents the downregulation in hepatic CPT gene expression and does not result in Fos nucleoprotein accumulation; and (iii) surgical treatment at 24 hr following insult did not prevent the downregulation of hepatic CPT gene expression and results in an increase in hepatic Fos nucleoprotein accumulation. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that sepsis-induced regulation of hepatic c-fos gene expression, in part, is responsible for the downregulation of CPT gene expression.
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PMID:The effect of surgical treatment following peritoneal sepsis on hepatic gene expression. 859 99

Postoperative patients are hypercatabolic. They also suffer a degree of gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction impairing nutritional intake. Safe enteral absorption had been limited to a maximum of 500 kcal provided over the initial 24 h in all previously reported regimens. Several days of negative nitrogen balance and diminution of serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) result. Some data suggest an association with suboptimal wound healing, and immune competence. We tested the hypothesis that immediate exploitation of more effectively preserved GI function could prevent this depressed serum concentration within hours of surgery. Our study group consisted of 34 consecutive elective "open" cholecystectomy patients who had terminal esophageal, gastric, and proximal duodenal decompression. Simultaneous distal duodenal feeding of elemental diet began immediately in the Recovery Room at 300 mL/h for 8-16 h, providing 2,400-4,800 kcal and 100-200 g amino acids. We found that each serum BCAA concentration rose above basal by one hour. The differences reached statistical significance (p < or = 0.05) within 2 h after surgery, when leucine had risen above basal levels by 70%, isoleucine by 63%, and valine by 26%. Elevations in these BCAA serum concentrations persisted for the duration of feeding. GI function can be maintained and successfully utilized in the immediate postoperative period for absorption of 300 kcal/h. Postoperative depression of serum BCAA concentrations are prevented. The serum BCAA rise of these GI protected and immediately fed postoperative patients contrasts with the 48-72 h decline universally reported with conventional protein- and calorie-deficient regimens. The optimum nutritional regimen for achievement of clinically significant enhanced wound healing, sepsis resistance, and muscle sparing, remains to be determined.
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PMID:Immediately elevated postoperative serum branched-chain amino acids following effective GI decompression and enteral feeding. 879 18

Blood concentrations of branched chain amino acids (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and glutamine (Gln) decrease markedly in sepsis. We investigated the effect of carnitine on serum concentrations of BCAA and Gln in fasted septic rats. Rats were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture. They developed extremely high blood concentrations of endotoxin, and serum concentrations of BCAA and Gln were markedly decreased 2 d after the operation. When L-carnitine was administered subcutaneously to the rats at 500 mg/kg body weight every 12 h for 2 d starting at the operation, no decrease in the serum concentrations of BCAA and Gln was observed. This indicates that the administration of carnitine can prevent the decrease of serum concentrations of BCAA and Gln in septic animals.
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PMID:Effect of carnitine on decrease of branched chain amino acids and glutamine in serum of septic rats. 882 Sep 32

alpha2-HS glycoprotein is a major protein of human plasma whose function is still obscure. A proteolytically processed form of alpha2-HS glycoprotein lacking a segment of 40 amino acid residues bridging its heavy and light chain portions ("connecting peptide") has been described suggesting that this peptide is released by post-translational processing to fulfill biological role(s) of alpha2-HS glycoprotein. To test this hypothesis we investigated how the connecting peptide is released from the parental molecule by limited proteolysis. We developed monoclonal antibodies to various portions of the connecting peptide and its NH2-terminal flanking region which cross-react with the native alpha2-HS glycoprotein. Purified alpha2-HS glycoprotein from human plasma was subjected to limited proteolysis by proteinases including trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase plasmin, kallikrein, thrombin, and renin. Immunoprint analysis of the proteolytic digests indicated that alpha2-HS glycoprotein is readily cleaved in its connecting peptide region. NH2-terminal amino sequence analysis of the generated fragments demonstrated that a single proteinase, chymotrypsin, cleaves the critical Leu-Leu bond flanking the NH2-terminal portion of the connecting peptide region. Most but not all of the other proteinase cleavage sites map to a short stretch of 9 residues located in the center portion of the connecting peptide region. Immunoprint analysis of plasma samples from patients with sepsis demonstrate that the connecting peptide region is cleaved under pathological conditions. Our results indicate that the connecting peptide and/or fragments thereof are readily releasable from alpha2-HS glycoprotein in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:Limited proteolysis of human alpha2-HS glycoprotein/fetuin. Evidence that a chymotryptic activity can release the connecting peptide. 894 Jan 98


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