Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of septic arthritis. This disease often leads to severe joint destruction and high mortality. An experimental model of S. aureus arthritis has been developed to study the course of inflammation and joint destruction, to elucidate the role of bacterial and host factors for joint pathology and mortality, and to develop therapeutical and preventive devices against septic arthritis and sepsis. Results show that the innate immune system is crucial in defending the host against staphylococcal infection while components of the specific immune system, T and B lymphocytes and their products, are detrimental to the host, mediating joint destruction and increasing mortality rates. Staphylococcal capsule polysaccharides, toxins, cell wall-attached adhesins and possibly also the chromosomal DNA are virulence determinants in S. aureus arthritis. Several vaccine candidates have recently been described which protects against staphylococcal infections, e.g. staphylococcal surface polysaccharides, enterotoxins devoid of their superantigenic properties and collagen adhesin. There are also new approaches suggested for treatment of ongoing infections, such as the combined use of antibiotics and corticosteroids.
 ...
PMID:Staphylococcus aureus-induced inflammation and bone destruction in experimental models of septic arthritis. 1068 66

Chronic abdominal sepsis is associated with impaired tissue repair. Treatment of burn patients with growth hormone results in improved healing of skin graft donor sites. The goal of this study was to determine whether administration of growth hormone could attenuate the inhibitory effects of sepsis on cutaneous wound healing. Four groups of male Sprague Dawley rats were studied: control, control + growth hormone, sepsis, and sepsis + growth hormone. Sepsis was caused by implantation of a bacterial focus in the peritoneal cavity. Control animals underwent sham laparotomy, and polyvinyl alcohol sponge implants were placed in subdermal pockets in all animals. Saline or growth hormone (400 microg) was injected subcutaneously every 12 hours. On day 5, the incisional wounds and polyvinyl alcohol sponge implants were harvested. The breaking strength of abdominal incisions was measured. Granulation tissue penetration and quality were determined by scoring polyvinyl alcohol sponge implant histology from 1 to 4 in a blinded fashion. Collagen deposition in polyvinyl alcohol sponge implants was quantitated by hydroxyproline assay. Septic mortality was not altered by growth hormone administration. Septic animals showed a reduction in food consumption for 2 days after surgery (p < 0.05 vs. controls), which was not affected by growth hormone administration. The breaking strength of incisional wounds and hydroxyproline content of polyvinyl alcohol sponge implants was reduced in septic rats (p < 0.001 vs. controls) but administration of growth hormone for 5 days did not improve breaking strength or collagen deposition in either group. We conclude that the administration of growth hormone for 5 days did not improve collagen deposition or breaking strength in cutaneous wounds from control or septic animals. The results suggest that growth hormone treatment is unlikely to improve tissue repair in sepsis-induced catabolic illness.
 ...
PMID:Growth hormone does not attenuate the inhibitory effects of sepsis on wound healing. 1081 36

Twenty children, aged 6 months to 13 years, with acute pericarditis admitted between 1987 and 1997 to a university hospital were analyzed retrospectively for their etiology, presentation, management, and prognosis. The most common types of pericarditis were purulent (40%), collagen vascular disease (30%), viral (20%), and neoplastic disease (10%). Most children presented with chest pain, fever, and tachypnea, but cardiac tamponade was not seen in any children. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent causative organism of purulent pericarditis and septic arthritis was the most common concurrent infection in the patients. Surgical drainage was performed for 11 cases, 9 underwent subxiphoid pericardial window, and 2 underwent thoracotomy. There was no constrictive pericarditis or reaccumulation of fluid after surgery. Two children died, one of staphylococcal septicemia and the other had a malignant mediastinal tumor. The remaining 18 made a complete recovery. We conclude that subxiphoid pericardial drainage is a simple, safe, and quick procedure and can be done easily in general hospitals by pediatric surgeons. The expensive facilities of cardiac surgeries are not needed.
 ...
PMID:Acute pericarditis in childhood: a 10-year experience. 1086 14

Eight horses with synovial sepsis induced by trauma were treated by arthroscopic/tenoscopic debridement and lavage followed by the implantation of a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge. Seven of them responded favourably and were sound six months after treatment. The other underwent a further surgical procedure and recovered. Gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges appear to be a safe and useful adjunct in the treatment of septic joints and tendon sheaths, and have the advantage of being bioabsorbable.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of traumatically induced synovial sepsis in horses with gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges. 1098 61

The patient was a 23-year-old woman with HTLV-I carrier and was diagnosed as pityriasis rubra pilaris soon after her birth. In November 1990 at her age of 16, she began to have fever and polyarthralgia which were not improved despite the administration of antibiotics. Her laboratory findings showed the positive antinuclear antibody and anti-RNP antibody suggesting one of collagen diseases. A tentative diagnosis as unclassified connective tissue disease (UCTD) was made since her symptoms and laboratory findings were not satisfied with any criteria for rheumatic disorders. The steroid therapy was started in February 1991 and showed a good response. On April 9th, 1996, however, she was admitted to our hospital because of recurrence of high fever and chills. This time, she had sepsis because of the evidence that Enterococcus faecalis was detected in blood culture. Although her condition was improved by antibiotics on June 4th 1996, high fever re-appeared and followed by convulsion and disseminated intravascular coagulation. After the doses of prednisolone per day was increased to 40 mg with antibiotics and anticoagulant, her condition gradually improved. This patient was a rare case of pityriasis rubra pilaris associated with UCTD and sepsis in clinical course.
 ...
PMID:[A case of pityriasis rubra pilaris associated with unclassified connective tissue disease and sepsis in clinical course]. 1115 93

Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing wound infection and septicemia, characterized by hemorrhagic and edematous damage to the skin of limbs. When injected into the dorsal skin, an extracellular metalloprotease from this vibrio (V. vulnificus protease: VVP) enhanced the vascular permeability through activation of the Hageman factor-plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade and/or stimulation of exocytotic histamine release. Additionally, VVP caused the hemorrhagic skin lesion through disorganization of the vascular basement membrane layer due to specific degradation of type IV collagen, which is known to form the backbone structure of the basement membrane. However, injected VVP was quickly inactivated by a plasma glycoprotein, alpha-macroglobulin, at a molar ratio of 1:1. This glycoprotein was leaked from the capillaries by the actions of VVP, which resulted in in situ inactivation by physical entrapment. When VVP (45,000 Da) was incubated at 37 degrees C, a 35,000 Da fragment was generated by the autocatalytic removal of a 10,000 Da C-terminal polypeptide. This N-terminal fragment showed significant proteolytic activity, however, because of a markedly decreased affinity to the protein substrates, its permeability-enhancing and hemorrhagic activity was reduced to less than 50%. These findings indicate that the C-terminal polypeptide is not essential for but promotes skin reactions caused by VVP.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of Vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease on the capillaries: pathological actions and inactivation by alpha-macroglobulin]. 1119 Feb

The response to major burn injury includes systemic release of mediators that may have an effect on wound healing. The authors evaluated the effect of a burn injury on the contraction of an excisional wound adjacent to the burn, and the effect of plasma derived from burn-injured animals on the contraction of the fibroblast-populated collagen matrix (FPCM). Nine rats (90-100 days old) under anesthesia received a standardized 40% total body surface area burn to the dorsum, and eight rats (controls) were sham burned. Immediately thereafter all animals had a square (2.25 cm2) of unburned dermis excised from the dorsum, superior to the burn wound. The excisional wound area was measured at 2 to 3-day intervals postoperatively. Plasma was collected from some animals on postburn day 15; the contraction-stimulating ability of burn vs. control plasma was measured in the FPCM. All animals remained free of sepsis. The excisional wound area in all animals decreased to 50% and then 25% of the initial area after approximately 4 and 8 days respectively. The rate of wound contraction (i.e., wound area reduction) did not differ between burn and control animals. Contraction stimulated by 5% plasma in the FPCM (expressed as a percentage of the original matrix area) was 70.2+/-6.4 (standard deviation) mm2 vs. 62.4 +/-3.9 mm2 for burn vs. control rats respectively (p>0.05). Burn injury in this model did not alter the contraction of an excisional wound at an unburned site. There was no significant difference in the contraction-stimulating ability (FPCM model) of plasma from the burned rats compared with plasma from unburned control rats. Burn injury appears to have an inconsequential effect on the contraction of an adjacent wound.
 ...
PMID:A primary burn wound does not slow the contraction rate of an adjacent excisional wound. 1119 31

Platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) are released from platelets through the platelet activation by high shear stress, collagen, or calcium ionophore (A23187). PMPs are observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic syndrome, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and other thrombotic disorders, but the importance of circulating PMPs in the pathogenesis of these diseases is still debated. Numbers of PMPs are usually determined by flowcytometry (FCM), but easier and reproducible PMP assay systems are needed. To develop a better ELISA for PMPs, we used antibodies against the platelet antigens anti-GPIb (NNKY5-5), anti-GPIIb/IIIa (NNKY2-11, anti-CD41), anti-GPIX (KMP-9), and anti-CD9 (NNKY1-19). PMPs were detected with all combinations of these antibodies, but the ELISA having the highest and most specific absorbance was obtained with a combination of KMP-9 (capture antibody) and NNKY5-5 (detecting antibody). PMPs in blood samples were measured by ELISA and FCM. ELISA correlated with PMPs quantitated by FCM. By shaking ELISA plates during incubation, nonspecific binding of platelets was eliminated. The level of PMPs was not increased in diabetes mellitus, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, antiphospholipid syndrome, or sepsis. The concentration of PMP was elevated in hemolytic uremic syndrome. Activated PMPs were absorbed to 0.8 microm filter, but circulating PMPs were not absorbed. These results suggest that activated PMPs are likely to adhere to leukocytes or endothelial cells at the activation site and that the circulating form of PMPs are likely to be a residue of activated PMPs. To detect only the activated form of PMPs, a new ELISA needs to be developed, and it will likely use a combination of antibodies that detect platelet activation markers such as P-selectin (CD62P) or activated GPIIb/IIIa.
 ...
PMID:Development and assessment of enzyme immunoassay for platelet-derived microparticles. 1124 56

It has been proposed that interferon-gamma (IFN) inhibits collagen synthesis in myeloproliferative disorders through an inhibitory effect on PDGF and TGF-beta. We therefore evaluated the role of IFN-gamma on bone marrow fibrosis in idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF). After a 3-month observation period, nine patients (five female, four male), median age 64 years (range 43-72 years), received 3 x 3 mU IFN-gamma/week over 6 months and were monitored after withdrawal of IFN-gamma for further 3 months. Three out of nine patients have completed the study according to the protocol. Six patients had to be withdrawn from IFN-gamma due to the following reasons: bacterial infection (three patients), splenic infarction or deterioration of splenomegaly (one patient, each) and refusal to continue IFN-gamma (one patient). Results from seven patients treated for at least 8 weeks were considered measurable. Leukopenia, initially present in one of the evaluated patients, deteriorated during IFN-gamma treatment. This patient died during the observation period shortly after withdrawal of the therapy as a result of septicemia. Transfusion-dependent anemia, initially observed in two of the evaluated patients, deteriorated during the IFN-gamma treatment. Bone marrow fibrosis increased in three patients, whereas it remained unchanged in another and improved in a further patient. Splenomegaly improved in two patients but deteriorated markedly in one. Taking these observations together, four patients had disease progression during IFN-gamma treatment, two had stable disease and one could be qualified as a partial responder. According to these data IFN-gamma cannot be considered as a treatment option for patients with IMF.
 ...
PMID:Ineffectiveness of interferon-gamma in the treatment of idiopathic myelofibrosis: a pilot study. 1126 29

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) in immunocompetent and non neutropenic patients is defined as recurrent fever of 38.3 degrees C or greater, lasting 2-3 weeks or longer, and undiagnosed after 1 week of appropriate evaluation. The underlying diseases of FUO are numerous and infection accounts for only 20-40% of them. The majority of FUO-patients have autoimmunity and collagen vascular disease and neoplasm, which are responsible for about 50-60% of all cases. In this respect FOU in its classical definition is clearly separated from postoperative and neutropenic fever where inflammation and infection are more common. Although methods that use in-vitro or in-vivo labeled white blood cells (WBCs) have a high diagnostic accuracy in the detection and exclusion of granulocytic pathology, they are only of limited value in FUO-patients in establishing the final diagnosis due to the low prevalence of purulent processes in this collective. WBCs are more suited in evaluation of the focus in occult sepsis. Ga-67 citrate is the only commercially available gamma emitter which images acute, chronic, granulomatous and autoimmune inflammation and also various malignant diseases. Therefore Ga-67 citrate is currently considered to be the tracer of choice in the diagnostic work-up of FUO. The number of Ga-67-scans contributing to the final diagnosis was found to be higher outside Germany than it has been reported for labeled WBCs. F-18-2'-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) has been used extensively for tumor imaging with PET. Inflammatory processes accumulate the tracer by similar mechanisms. First results of FDG imaging demonstrated, that FDG may be superior to other nuclear medicine imaging modalities which may be explained by the preferable tracer kinetics of the small F-18-FDG molecule and by a better spatial resolution of coincidence imaging in comparison to a conventional gamma camera.
 ...
PMID:[Nuclear medicine diagnosis of patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO)]. 1147 74


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>