Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Host responses to sepsis and trauma are complex and their mediators are not well understood. To examine the roles of "endocrine" and "inflammatory" mediators, we studied healthy volunteers in four experimental groups: continuous 72-hour infusion of normal saline; continuous 72-hour infusion of hydrocortisone, glucagon, and epinephrine; daily intramuscular injection of the inflammatory agent etiocholanolone; and combined etiocholanolone injection--hormone infusion. In this model hypermetabolism, hyperglycemia, hyper-insulinemia, insulin resistance, negative nitrogen balance, and accelerated protein flux were mediated predominantly by infusion of the counterregulatory hormones. Etiocholanolone injection resulted in fever, acute-phase--protein synthesis, and hypoferremia. Leukocyte, temperature, and C-reactive--protein responses reflected major interactions between these stimuli. Both inflammatory and endocrine mediators are necessary for the complete manifestation of host responses to critical illness.
 ...
PMID:Both inflammatory and endocrine mediators stimulate host responses to sepsis. 351 87

To investigate the metabolic effects of interleukin-1 and its role as a mediator of host responses to trauma and sepsis, we injected seven healthy male subjects with etiocholanolone, an inflammatory agent that stimulates systemic responses thought to be mediated by interleukin-1. The subjects were fed a constant diet during each 4-day study and received three daily intramuscular injections of etiocholanolone, 0.10 mg/kg. Etiocholanolone injection resulted in inflammation, fever, leukocytosis, increased serum C-reactive protein, hypoferremia, and increased plasma activity of interleukin-1/lymphocyte-activating factor. Plasma concentrations of the counterregulatory hormones were normal. Protein metabolism, as reflected in nitrogen balance, 15N turnover, and forearm flux of alanine and glutamine, was unaltered. Serum glucose and insulin levels and tissue responsiveness to insulin were normal. This dissociation of acute-phase and catabolic responses may reflect the magnitude of the stimulus; higher levels of interleukin-1 may initiate catabolic responses. Alternatively, other mediators such as the counterregulatory hormones may direct the catabolic responses that occur after injury and sepsis.
 ...
PMID:The induction of interleukin-1 in humans and its metabolic effects. 389 42