Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

30 children suffering from bacterial meningitis and 2 children suffering from septicemia were treated with 6-((R)-2-[3-methylsulfonyl-2-oxo-imidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenyl-acetmido(-penicillanic acid sodium salt (mezlocillin, Baypen). The daily dose was 250 mg/kg, divided in three portions. Therapy was successful in all patients. Neither signs of toxicity nor side effects of any kind could be found. Mezlocillin concentrations were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mainly on days one and six or seven of therapy. Serum concentrations were in the expected range. CSF concentrations depended on the inflammation of the meninges. On the first day of treatment they ranged from 0.5 to 7.2 to 12.0 microgram/ml. After normalisation of CSF no concentrations of mezlocillin were detectable.
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PMID:Treatment of childhood meningitis with mezlocillin. 54 12

Gramnegative septicemia in 23 patients from different Norwegian departments of general medicine or surgery was treated with mezlocillin. Most of the patients were old, and 14 patients were considered compromised due to underlying disease. In the majority of cases the septicemia originated from urinary tract infections. Uneventful recovery was accomplished in 16 patients (70%) and another 5 cases improved. In 2 patients no clinical effects were observed within 3 days of treatment. Apart from diarrhoea in 5 of the cases, no side-effects occurred. Mezlocillin proved to be a safe and efficient drug for the treatment of gramnegative septicemias of the type that is most commonly encountered in Norwegian general hospitals.
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PMID:Mezlocillin treatment of septicemia in general hospitals. 622 3

The antimicrobial spectra, pharmacokinetics, tissue penetration, side effects, clinical trials and indications, dosage, and cost of mezlocillin (Mezlin) and piperacillin (Pipracil), two new semisynthetic beta-lactam penicillins, are reviewed. Both mezlocillin and piperacillin are active against a wider range of bacteria than previously available penicillins, but their spectra are not identical. Piperacillin is more active than mezlocillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; their activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bacteroides fragilis are similar to one another. Neither drug is absorbed orally; both are well absorbed (60-70%) after i.m. injection. Following i.v. infusion or injection, both drugs distribute rapidly (distribution half-life = 10-20 min); neither is protein bound substantially. Both drugs are primarily excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Elimination half-lives of both drugs are slightly prolonged in renal-failure patients. However, the half-life of mezlocillin in renal failure is longer then the half-life of piperacillin because of dose-dependent kinetics of mezlocillin at low glomecular filtration rates. Probenecid alters the disposition of both drugs. Both drugs are widely distributed throughout the body. Reported side effects are similar to those of other penicillins. Mezlocillin and piperacillin may be used to treat susceptible organisms causing the following conditions: complicated and uncomplicated urinary-tract infections, septicemia, uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis, and lower respiratory-tract, intra-abdominal, gynecologic, skin, and skin-structure infections. Piperacillin is also effective for bone and joint infections. Dosages of both antibiotics should be adjusted based on patients' clinical condition and renal status. Both agents are relatively expensive in comparison with older penicillins and cephalosporins; their daily costs are similar to third-generation cephalosporins, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin. The potential benefits of mezlocillin and piperacillin are in their extended in vitro spectra of activity and minimal toxicities. More comparative clinical trials are needed to support any claims of clinical superiority of these drugs over older, less expensive regimens.
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PMID:Comparative review of two new wide-spectrum penicillins: mezlocillin and piperacillin. 622 27

We report the interim results of two trials to evaluate the place of mezlocillin in elective intestinal operations. Sixty-four operations for gastro-oesophageal disease have been performed where patients were randomly allocated to mezlocillin or cefuroxime. Wound sepsis occurred in 19% of the mezlocillin patients compared with 3% of those receiving cefuroxime. Seventy-three operations have been performed for colorectal cancer in whom three doses of antibiotic were used for prophylaxis. Patients were randomly allocated to mezlocillin and metronidazole or cefuroxime and metronidazole. The rates of abdominal wound sepsis in the groups were 15% and 12% respectively. Post-operative Clostridium difficile colitis occurred in four of the cefuroxime patients, compared with none of those receiving mezlocillin. Mezlocillin appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in combination with metronidazole in colorectal resections for cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of mezlocillin in elective gastrointestinal surgery. 635 6

Mezlocillin, at a dose of 3 g intravenously over a 2-h period every 4 h, was used for the treatment of 92 episodes of documented infections in 75 myelosuppressed cancer patients. The response rate in 59 evaluable bacterial infections was 46%. Eight of 23 patients with septicemia (35%) responded. The response rates for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, the three most common gram-negative infections, were 42, 64, and 70%, respectively. Mezlocillin was well tolerated; the only toxicity attributable to this antibiotic was a skin rash in one patient. The formation of a false-positive urine protein reaction by mezlocillin was noted. This study demonstrated that mezlocillin administered as a single agent was effective against some infections in myelosuppressed cancer patients. The response rate for Klebsiella sp. infections was especially encouraging. However, because it had limited or little activity against many infections, especially those caused by P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, the general use of mezlocillin as a single agent for treatment of infections in immunocompromised cancer patients cannot be recommended.
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PMID:Mezlocillin for treatment of infections in cancer patients. 644 74

Single-dose pharmacokinetic studies were performed in 64 infants, ranging in age from less than 1 day to 6 days, after intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection of approximately 75 mg/kg of mezlocillin. Mean serum concentrations at one hour were 107 micrograms/ml and 82.5 micrograms/ml for neonates less than or equal to 1 day of age and greater than or equal to 6 days of age, respectively. The serum clearance ranged from 3.0 to 6.4 hours. Based on data from the study, it is recommended that mezlocillin be administered to neonates with gram-negative bacterial infections in a single dose of 75 mg/kg, either as an intravenous infusion over 30 minutes or as an intramuscular injection, every 12 hours during the first week of life. Mezlocillin alone or in conjunction with penicillin was used in treating 165 neonates with suspected sepsis. Gram-negative organisms were recovered from 18 of the 27 neonates from whom pathogens were isolated. Three of these 18 strains, a Klebsiella oxytoca, an Acinetobacter anitratum, and a Haemophilus influenzae, were resistant to mezlocillin in vitro. Twenty-four of the 27 patients who satisfied criteria for evaluation achieved a bacteriological and a clinical cure. Cerebrospinal fluid permeation after multiple doses ranged from 18% to 45% of serum levels. No significant local or systemic side effects were seen. The results indicate that mezlocillin is an effective ureidopenicillin for the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of mezlocillin in neonates. 647 69

Our investigation concerns 14 streptococcus D sepsis neonates, thirteen of which were collected over a six year period during which eighty-two neonate infections were recorded. This rate slightly higher than generally recorded and may be due to the initial prescription of third generation cephalosporin to the mothers. The clinical, hematological and biological data are not specifically those of group D streptococcus. The issue was unfavourable in 15% of our cases and in 8 to 33% of the recorded cases. The sensitivity to antibiotics varies depending on the species of group D streptococcus. The effectiveness of Amoxicillin, of Mezlocillin and of Ampicillin justifies the initial prescription in association with an aminoglycoside because of the possibility of synergy; cephalosporins are contraindicated as they are inactive on this germ.
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PMID:[Role of Streptococcus group D in infections in newborn infants]. 666 46

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin were studied in 53 newborn infants (72% less than or equal to 36 weeks' gestation) given ampicillin and an aminoglycoside for suspected or proved sepsis. Mezlocillin (75 mg/kg IV or IM) was substituted for ampicillin, serum was assayed microbiologically, and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Analysis of covariance showed that dose/area under the serum concentration-time curve for mezlocillin was influenced by body weight, intramuscular administration, and treatment with gentamicin. A dual intravenous/intramuscular nonlinear regression model yielded an apparent intramuscular bioavailability of 84%. Clearance was proportional to body weight (WT) (r2 = 0.70). Mean CL/WT (0.078 L/hr/kg) was one-half adult values and influenced by gestational age. Steady-state volume of distribution varied linearly with weight (r2 = 0.80), the mean value (0.38 L/kg) being twice that in adults. Mezlocillin half-life (mean 3.71 hours) exceeded adult values and did not correlate with weight. Twenty-four newborn infants received 75 mg/kg mezlocillin every 6 or every 8 hours, along with gentamicin, during the first 7 to 10 days of life. Peak (1.5 hours) and trough (6 or 8 hours) concentrations were determined; the latter decreased from day 3 to days 7 to 10, suggesting a possible postnatal age-dependent change in mezlocillin elimination. Although mezlocillin disposition is affected by age and therapeutic factors, weight alone may adequately predict dosing requirements.
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PMID:Developmental pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin in newborn infants. 671 26