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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical studies of aztreonam (AZT) were performed in 10 pediatric cases. One transient pyuria case with 10(3)/ml E. faecalis detected in urine was excluded from clinical evaluation, because the presence of infection was unclear. Results were as follows: AZT was effective on 1 patient with meningitis (causative organism: H. influenzae), who was treated with 41.7 mg/kg 4 times a day. Results of administration of 58.1-78.9 mg/kg 3 or 4 times a day by intravenous injection for 1 E. coli sepsis-and-pyelonephritis complication case and 7 pyelonephritis cases (causative organisms: E. coli in 1, E. coli + E. faecalis in 1, E. faecalis in 1, P. aeruginosa in 3 and unknown in 1) were excellent in 4, good in 2 and poor in 2 cases. The pathogens of the 2 poor cases were E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Six of the pyelonephritis cases had vesicoureteral refluxes as an underlying condition. Clinical and microbiological effects of AZT were considered to be closely correlated with its MIC values. No side effect was recognized. Though abnormal laboratory findings were obtained in 4 cases, including elevations of GOT X GPT in 2 cases, GPT elevation in 1 case and plateletcount increase in 1 case. All of these abnormalities were minor and transient. The serum concentrations of AZT for a two-month-old patient with pyelonephritis were 65, 50, 35, 22.8 and 12.4 micrograms/ml at 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours, respectively and T1/2 was 2.42 hours after injecting AZT 20 mg/kg by intravenous injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in pediatrics]. 409 63

Sulbactam, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, in combination with cefoperazone was administered to 18 pediatric patients, 7 months to 10 years 6 months of age, at a daily dose of 56-320 mg/kg divided into 4 times by intravenous bolus infusion for 3 to 11 days, and the sum of 2.6-74.0 g of the drug was given. A total of 18 cases comprised 8 with RTI, 1 with gastric tract infection, 4 with UTI and 5 with sepsis (suspected). Clinical efficacy was excellent in 10 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 4 cases, and efficacy rate was 72.2%. Out of 8 strains (1 of S. aureus, 1 of P. aeruginosa, 1 of Salmonella subgenus I, 2 of E. coli, 2 of P. mirabilis and 1 of K. pneumoniae), possible causative organisms isolated before the treatment, 6 strains were disappeared, 1 strain of K. pneumoniae persisted, and 1 strain of P. aeruginosa was replaced by S. aureus. Diarrhea was noted in 1 case as subjective side effect, and as abnormal laboratory findings, GOT and GPT elevations in 1 case, GPT elevation in 1 case and eosinophil elevation in 1 case were observed.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric field]. 609 61

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was used for pediatric infections and the following results were obtained. CTRX was administered twice daily by intravenous injection with about 20 mg/kg in 6 cases consisting of 2 cases with purulent lymphadenitis of the neck, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with sepsis and pyelonephritis and 1 with sepsis and purulent lymphadenitis of the neck. The result was excellent in 4 and good in 2. One case with H. influenzae meningitis, receiving 50 mg/kg CTRX by intravenous injection twice daily, showed an excellent response without having any sequela. Among those mentioned above, diarrhea in 2 cases and elevated GOT and GPT in 2 were observed, all of which were transitory and not serious. The blood level of CTRX at 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after intravenous injection with 20 mg/kg to a girl of 8 years and 8 months of age with urinary tract infection was 114, 86, 70, 42, 29 and 21.8 micrograms/ml, respectively. The half-life time was 3.5 hours while the urinary recovery rate up to 6 hours was 58.0%. The concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 case with H. influenzae meningitis ranged from 2.1 to 8.2 micrograms/ml at 3 hours after administration and from 1.15 to 2.65 micrograms/ml after about 12 hours (prior to the next administration). The above-mentioned results suggest that CTRX is a new antibiotic useful for pediatric infections caused with susceptible bacteria and is effective by intravenous injection with 10 mg/kg twice daily for moderate infections and with 20 mg/kg twice daily for severe ones, except for meningitis. As for purulent meningitis, the administration dosage and frequency will have to be further examined based on the intravenous injection with 50 mg/kg twice daily.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on ceftriaxone in the field of pediatrics]. 609 7

Cefotiam, one of the new cephem antibiotics, was used in 14 cases with pediatric infections: (10 cases with respiratory tract infections, 2 with urinary tract infections, each 1 with purulent meningitis + sepsis and acute appendicitis). The patients were aged between 15 days and 9 years old. The drug was, a rule, given at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg q.i.d. by bolus intravenous injection. The duration of treatment was between 3 and 38 days. The treatment produced the following clinical responses: Out of the 10 cases, good response in 7 with respiratory tract infections, fair in 1 and poor in the remaining 2. The responses in urinary tract infections were excellent in 1 and good in the other case. An apparently clear response was obtained in 1 case with purulent meningitis + sepsis due to K. pneumoniae. Also, an excellent response was seen in 1 case with acute appendicitis. The response rate including fair response was 85.7%. The suspected pathogens isolated from 5 cases (S. aureus: 1. strain, H. influenzae: 1, K. pneumoniae 2, E. coli: 1) were eliminated after CTM administration. Good clinical responses were also obtained in these cases. No side effect was observed. Mild elevation of GOT and GPT was noted during the treatment in 1 case. It is unclear, however, if CTM was associated with this side effect or not. P. aeruginosa, Serratia appeared after superinfection in 1 case.
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PMID:[Clinical experience with cefotiam in pediatric infections (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 12

Cefotiam (CTM) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-six patients were treated with 40 to 200 mg/kg per day of CTM by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (2), acute bronchitis (1), pneumonia (4), empyema (2), urinary tract infection (2), typhoid fever (1), acute enterocolitis (2), partially-treated purulent meningitis (1), and suspected septicemia in neuroblastoma (1); and the remaining ten patients were considered to have nonbacterial infections. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pyogenes (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (4), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Escherichia coli (1), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1), Salmonella typhi (1), and Campylobacter jejuni (1). All but two patients of bacterial infections were cured after the CTM therapy, and the rate of efficacy was 87.5%. Diarrhea (3), urticaria (1), transient elevation of GOT and GPT (1), and transient eosinophilia (3) were found to be associated with the CTM therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half life of the serum CTM level was 0.93 +/- 0.13 hours, and excretion into the urine was rapid. CSF concentration obtained 1 hour after an intravenous injection of 21 mg/kg of CTM in a case with inflamed meninges was 1.5 mcg/ml, and the CSF/serum ratio was 9.0%. From these data, CTM appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotiam therapy in children (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 13

The basic and clinical studies of cefotiam (CTM) in pediatric infections were carried out, and the following results were obtained: 1. The antibacterial activity of CTM against S. aureus was equal or slightly less than that of cefazolin (CEZ). Those of CTM against E. coli and K. pneumoniae were eight times more active than those of CEZ. 2. CTM 20 mg/kg was administered wither by 30 minutes or 1 hour intravenous drip infusion. The peak serum levels were obtained at the end of each drip infusion, with the mean peak levels being 44.8 and 41.4 mcg/ml respectively. The serum levels at 1.5 and 2 hours after drip infusion were 2.8 and 2.2 mcg/ml respectively, and at 3.5 and 4 hours after drip and 4 hours after drip infusion were 0.3 and 0.7 mcg/ml respectively. The half lives were 0.62 and 1.15 hours, respectively. The mean urinary excretion over 6 hours were 52.8% in ;the 30 minutes drip infusion group and 42.6% in the 1 hour drip infusion group. 3. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in sixteen cases suffering from tonsillitis (4 cases), pneumonia (4), bronchitis (2), cervical lymphadenitis (2), purulent meningitis (2), suppurative arthritis (1) and suspected sepsis (1). Good and excellent responses were obtained in 15 of 16 cases (93.8%). Bacteriological response in the form of eradication was noted in 4 of 6 cases. Side effect observed was rash in 1 case, and laboratory abnormalities were elevation of BUN in 1 case and elevation of GPT in 2 cases.
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PMID:[Basic and clinical studies of cefotiam in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 19

Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, were investigated and following results were obtained. 1) Ceftizoxime was given by intravenous injection or drip infusion for 1 hour at a single dose of 30 mg/kg. After intravenous injection, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 95.9 mcg/ml at 15 minutes and half-life time was 1.18 hours. After 1 hour drip infusion, the mean peak serum level of 3 children was 79.5 mcg/ml at the end of infusion and half-life time was 1.20 hours. The urinary level was high and the mean urinary recovery rate was 69.6% and 63.4% up to 6 hours after intravenous injection and 1 hour drip infusion, respectively. 2) CZX was administered in dose of 39--76 mg/kg to 7 pediatric patients (4 cases of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, and 1 of aseptic meningitis) by a single intravenous injection. In patients with purulent meningitis, passage into the cerebrospinal fluid was relatively as good as 30% of serum level at the same time in the presence of remarkable signs of inflammation, but poor in cases of mild inflammation or aseptic meningitis. 3) Cerebral puncture fluid level in 1 patient with cerebral abscess was as good as 65.5% of serum level at the same time. 4) CZX was given to 28 cases of respiratory tract infection, 1 of tonsillitis with otitis media, 6 of scarlet fever, 1 each of maxillary sinusitis and bacterial endocarditis, 6 of purulent meningitis, 2 of septicemia, 5 of septicemia suspected, 2 of septicemia with purulent meningitis, 1 each of osteomyelitis, typhoid fever, peritonitis and biliary tract infection, 16 of urinary tract infection, 14 of skin and soft tissue infection, and 1 of external otitis, totaling 87 cases. The mean daily dose of 101.6 mg/kg was administered for an average of 10 days mainly by intravenous injection 4 times daily. Clinical results obtained were excellent in 34 cases, and good in 46. Bacteriological effectiveness rate was 100%. As for side effects, fever, fever with rash, fever with cough and diarrhea appeared in 1 each case out of 182 cases including 95 drop out cases. As for laboratory findings, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, elevation of GOT, that of GOT with GPT, and that of GOT with LDH appeared in 10, 2, 2, 3 and 1 cases, respectively.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 4

Pharmacokinetics of ceftizoxime (CZX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic, was investigated in 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function. In addition, the clinical effect of CZX was evaluated in 26 pediatric patients with various infections. In 4 of the 9 children with normal renal and hepatic function, intravenous bolus injection of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg yielded a mean peak serum level of 36.5 micrograms/ml at 1/2 hour after infusion, and mean serum levels of 12.5 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 6.0 micrograms/ml at 4 hours after infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 1.25--2.55 hours. In another child, serum levels of CZX at 1/2, 2 and 4 hours after intravenous bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg/kg were 19.60, 5.96 and 2.06 micrograms/ml, respectively. The clear difference in dose response between 20 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg reflected the doubled dose levels. In the remaining 4 children, drip infusion of CZX in a dose of 20 mg/kg (1 child 17 mg/kg) over 0.5--1.5 hours yielded peak serum levels at the end of infusion. The biological half-lives of CZX were estimated to be 0.95--1.50 hours. About 80% of CZX was excreted in the urine within 6 hours after infusion in the 4 children tested. Twenty-six pediatric patients with various infections were treated with CZX intravenous doses of 20 mg/kg to 118 mg/kg b.i.d.--q.i.d. for 3--14 days. Of the 12 patients with acute bronchitis and pneumonia, 5 showed excellent response, 6 good and 1 fair response. Of the 5 patients with urinary tract infection, 4 showed excellent response and 1 good response. One patient each with colitis, tonsillitis and facial cellulitis, pharyngitis showed excellent response and 1 patient each with purulent thyroiditis and gluteal abscess showed good response. The single patients with sepsis showed excellent response. One patient each with pyothorax, purulent arthritis and cerebral abscess showed poor response. Overall effectiveness rate was 84.6%. although 22 of all 26 patients treated had serious underlying diseases such as APL, AML. A mild increase in GOT and GPT was observed in 1 patient during treatment with CZX, and the values returned to normal after discontinuation of the drug. These results suggest that ceftizoxime is 1 of the most important antibiotics for treating a wide range of infections in children as well as in adults.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime (author's transl)]. 627 8

Fundamental and clinical studies of ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in children led to the following results. 1. Ceftizoxime compared favorably with cefazolin (CEZ) and cefmetazole (CMZ) for in vitro activity against clinically isolated strains of Staphylococcus aureus (31 strains), Escherichia coli (29), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16). While somewhat less active against S. aureus than CEZ and CMZ, ceftizoxime was far more active than these 2 cephalosporin antibiotics against the test strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which included strains resistant to the 2 drugs. Ceftizoxime was not particularly active against Ps. aeruginosa, but this seeming disadvantage was offset by the absolute ineffectiveness of the 2 reference drugs on this obstinate organism. 2. The time course of mean serum ceftizoxime levels in 3 pediatric patients of 5--10 years old given a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg was as follows: 45.4 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes, 40.4 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes, 22.1 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 10.4 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 2.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 0.9 microgram/ml at 6 hours. The mean serum half life was 1.12 hours. The mean urinary levels of ceftizoxime at serial 2-hour collection intervals were as follows: 2,477 micrograms/ml for 1--2 hours, 1,235 micrograms/ml for 2--4 hours and 462 micrograms/ml for 4--6 hours. The mean urinary recovery up to 6 hours was 61.0%. 3. The clinical response of 28 children with infection to ceftizoxime treatment was 'excellent' in 22 children, 'good' in 4, and 'poor' in 2. These children comprised 11 with acute pneumonia, 3 with acute bronchitis, 4 with acute pyelonephritis, 2 each with acute purulent arthritis and acute enterocolitis, and 1 each with acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent lymphadenitis, furunculosis, subcutaneous abscess, subdural abscess and sepsis. The overall rate of effectiveness was 92.9%. Successfully eradicated strains in the bacteriological sense consisted of 4 strains each of H. influenzae and E. coli, 1 strain each of P. morganii, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, 1 of the 2 strains of S. enteritidis, and 1 of the 3 strains of S. aureus. The overall rate of bacteriological effectiveness was 81.3%. No clinical side effects were observed. Changes in laboratory test findings included slightly and transiently elevated GOT and GPT in 1 child and GOT alone in another child.
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PMID:[Fundamental and clinical studies on ceftizoxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. 627 13

Two to 6 g of CMX was administered daily to 9 patients who were admitted to ICU, i.e. 5 cases with pneumonia and 4 with sepsis. In all cases, CMX was administered concomitantly with aminoglycoside which had been administered, and additional administration of other antibiotics was avoided. Bacteriologically, P. aeruginosa was isolated from 4 cases, K. pneumoniae from 4 cases, S. marcescens, P. mirabilis and P. cepacia respectively from 1 case. The CMX treatment was considered effective in 4 of 5 pneumonia cases and in 3 of 4 sepsis cases. In total, 7 of 9 cases responded effectively. The clinical effective rate was 77.8%. Elevation of GOT and GPT values was noticed in 1 case, however, the causality with CMX administration was unclear.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on cefmenoxime in the intensive care unit]. 629 78


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