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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The complication of the infected Ivalon-sponge after rectopexy is described in five patients. In two patients the pelvic sepsis perforated spontaneously into the vagina and in another two patients the pelvic abscess perforated through the levator muscles into the ischio-rectal fossa formating a typical horse-shoe abscess in one case. The management of choice in cases of pelvic sepsis is the complete removal of the infected Ivalon-sponge. We personally prefer the laparotomy for the complete removal of the prosthesis and not the removal through the vagina or through the rectum.
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PMID:[Problems of pelvic infection following rectopexy using synthetics and its treatment]. 360 96

The consequences of pelvic sepsis after Ivalon rectopexy are described in four patients. Despite clear evidence of pelvic infection, reoperation was delayed by ineffective conservative measures and morbidity thereby prolonged. In three, the causative organism was Staphylococcus aureus and it is suggested that prophylactic antimicrobial regimens for intestinal organisms alone may be inadequate.
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PMID:Management of pelvic sepsis after Ivalon rectopexy. 646 97

During a 3-month period, Pseudomonas cepacia was recovered from the peritoneal fluid of 10 patients having chronic dialysis therapy at a peritoneal dialysis center. Six patients developed clinical evidence of peritonitis; one patient developed septicemia. Epidemiologic studies showed that dialysis on specific peritoneal dialysis machines was associated with an increased risk of infection. Laboratory investigation showed contamination of two machines with P. cepacia. Inadequacies in the cleaning and disinfection practices of the automatic peritoneal dialysis machines were identified. Cross-contamination between machines probably occurred through the peritoneal fluid discharge from infected patients during dialysis. Also, the intermittent 2-hour exposure of the machine to 2% formaldehyde may have been inadequate. P. cepacia has not been isolated from the peritoneal fluid of any peritoneal dialysis patient after machine cleaning and disinfection practices were altered.
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PMID:Pseudomonas cepacia peritonitis associated with contamination of automatic peritoneal dialysis machines. 706 61

A method was developed to study the adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Epithelial cells from healthy persons, pneumococcal strains from patients with otitis media, meningitis, or septicemia, and pneumococcal cells from the nasopharynx of healthy carriers were used. Adhesion was found to be influenced by changes in the bacterial incubation medium and growth phase, the concentration of bacteria and epithelial cells, the epithelial cell donor, the incubation time and temperature, and the pH and osmolarity of the incubation medium. Pretreatment of bacteria with heat, Formalin, or trypsin decreased adhesion. The highest adhesion was obtained when 10(9) bacteria cultivated for 18 h in streptococcus cultivation broth were added to 10(4) pharyngeal cells and incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. S. pneumoniae strains from patients with frequent episodes of otitis media and strains from healthy carriers had the highest adhesion values; septicemia and meningitis strains had the lowest. The capsular polysaccharide type did not determine the adhesive capacity of the strains, but otitis strains belonging to the capsular types often associated with otitis media adhered in high numbers. Adhesion may be important for pneumococci colonizing the nasopharynx or inducing otitis media.
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PMID:Adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells in vitro: differences in adhesive capacity among strains isolated from subjects with otitis media, septicemia, or meningitis or from healthy carriers. 721 90

Broiler embryos and chicks were exposed to formaldehyde vapors (up to 130 ppm) during the final 3 days of incubation. Bacterial load was significantly lower in a formaldehyde-fumigated hatcher than in an unfumigated hatcher. Hatchability was not affected. To determine if exposure to formaldehyde vapors in the hatcher would affect broilers' ability to tolerate variations in air quality, chicks were placed in either adequately or poorly ventilated confinement facilities for 45 days. Total and respirable dust particles (< or = 5 microns in diameter) increased to a greater extent between 5 and 6 weeks of broiler age in the poorly ventilated facility than in the facility with adequate ventilation. Mortality at 6 weeks of age was significantly higher in broilers exposed to formaldehyde in the hatcher and housed with poor ventilation than in broilers exposed to formaldehyde and raised with adequate ventilation. Six-week body weight, feed conversion, and septicemia/toxemia condemnations were adversely affected by poor ventilation. This study found that the quality of air in the confinement facility had a greater influence on broiler productivity than did exposure to formaldehyde vapors in the hatcher.
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PMID:Effect of formaldehyde exposure in the hatcher and of ventilation in confinement facilities on broiler performance. 767 67

We analyzed differences in host regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and pathophysiological responses in conscious rats after infection with two strains of pathogenic Candida albicans spp. (CA-1 and CA-2) compared with Escherichia coli serotype 055:B5 (EC). The hypothesis was tested that, in contrast to EC, hypotension, organ injury, and mortality after candidemia are not obligatorily dependent on TNF-alpha or TNF-alpha-induced cyclooxygenase pathway metabolites. Dose, viability, and strain-specific dependencies were established after intravenous 10(6) or 10(9) viable CA, as well as heat-killed (HK) or Formalin-inactivated (FI) CA blastospores, compared with live EC at the 24-h LD25 [10(9) colony-forming units (CFU)] and LD100 (10(10) CFU). Shock without endotoxemia developed 4-8 h after 10(9) live CA-1 or CA-2 (LD100 at 24 h) with disseminated yeast-mycelial transformation and increased microvascular permeability in multiple organs but not after HK or FI CA-1. Peak serum TNF-alpha after an LD100 of CA-1 or CA-2 was < 3% of LD25 EC values and was < 1% of peak values during lethal bacteremia. Similar pathogen-specific differences were found in liver- and lung-associated TNF. Production of functionally inactive TNF-alpha during candidemia was excluded by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Western blotting. Passive immunization against TNF-alpha 2 h before microbial challenge was not protective against CA but prevented otherwise lethal EC sepsis. Cyclooxygenase inhibition also failed to attenuate candidemic shock. We conclude that the magnitude and kinetics of TNF-alpha production and TNF-alpha-dependent immunophysiological responses are differentially regulated after lethal fungal vs. gram-negative bacterial infection. Thus TNF-alpha is not a pivotal mediator of the acute Candida septic shock syndrome with disseminated candidiasis.
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PMID:TNF-alpha and cyclooxygenase metabolites do not modulate C. albicans septic shock with disseminated candidiasis. 833 78

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. Septicemia and toxemia rapidly lead to death in infected mammal hosts. Currently used acellular vaccines against anthrax consist of protective antigen (PA), one of the anthrax toxin components. However, in experimental animals such vaccines are less protective than live attenuated strains. Here we demonstrate that the addition of formaldehyde-inactivated spores (FIS) of B. anthracis to PA elicits total protection against challenge with virulent B. anthracis strains in mice and guinea pigs. The toxin-neutralizing activities of sera from mice immunized with PA alone or PA plus FIS were similar, suggesting that the protection conferred by PA plus FIS was not only a consequence of the humoral response to PA. A PA-deficient challenge strain was constructed, and its virulence was due solely to its multiplication. Immunization with FIS alone was sufficient to protect mice partially, and guinea pigs totally, against infection with this strain. This suggests that spore antigens contribute to protection. Guinea pigs and mice had very different susceptibilities to infection with the nontoxigenic strain, highlighting the importance of verifying the pertinence of animal models for evaluating anthrax vaccines.
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PMID:Anthrax spores make an essential contribution to vaccine efficacy. 1179 96

The aim of the present study was to conduct a preliminary investigation into the blood biocompatibility of a novel, uncoated carbon for use in a filtration/adsorption device for the treatment of sepsis. Carbon well prototypes were manufactured from phenol-formaldehyde-aniline-based pyrolysed carbons using monolithic polymer technology. Inflammatory blood cell and plasma protein mediation of the inflammatory response were evaluated using the novel carbon prototypes and compared with dialyser membrane and tissue culture plate controls. Assays determining monocyte and granulocyte adhesion, platelet adhesion and activation, granulocyte activation and complement activation were performed. Preliminary findings suggest an adsorptive but passivating carbon surface. Moderate levels of monocyte and granulocytes adhesion were seen in conjunction with adsorption of plasma proteins to the carbon surface. Activation of granulocyte and adherent platelets was not detected and the complement cascade was not activated by the carbons, indicating a surface compatible with blood contact. The results support the further development of the proposed carbon-based device for the treatment of sepsis.
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PMID:Assessing the in vitro biocompatibility of a novel carbon device for the treatment of sepsis. 1596 98

A 71-year-old man presented with hemoptysis due to chronic contained rupture of the descending thoracic aorta after sepsis by Escherichia coli complicated with transrectal biopsy of the prostate, and underwent urgent graft replacement. The aorta had an almost normal caliber and ruptured into the left lung without abscess. The perforated site of the lung was filled with gelatin-resorcinol-formaldehyde glue, and the defect of the aortic wall was closed. Without graft infection, lung abscess, or sepsis, the patient was discharged followed by 1 month's intravenous administration of cefazolin and piperacillin sensitive to Escherichia coli after the surgery.
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PMID:Chronic contained rupture of the descending thoracic aorta due to infection by Escherichia coli. 1602 72

This study investigated a range of phenol-formaldehyde-aniline-based pyrolysed carbon matrices and their component materials, for their ability to adsorb a range of inflammatory cytokines crucial to the progression of sepsis. The efficiency of adsorption of the target molecules from human plasma was assessed and compared to that of Adsorba 300C, a commercially available cellulose-coated activated charcoal. Results indicate that a number of the primary carbon/resin materials demonstrate efficient adsorption of the cytokines studied here (TNF, IL-6 and IL-8), comparable to other adsorbents under clinical investigation. Our findings also illustrate that these adsorbent capabilities are retained when the primary particles are combined to form a pyrolysed carbon matrix. This capability will enable the engineering of the carbon matrix porosity allowing a blend of carbonised particle combinations to be tailored for maximum adsorption of inflammatory cytokines. The present findings support further investigation of this carbon material as a combined carbon-based filtration/adsorbent device for direct blood purification.
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PMID:The in vitro adsorption of cytokines by polymer-pyrolysed carbon. 1680 58


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