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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) lysed the macrophages from rainbow trout kidney cultures either isolated by plastic adherence or stimulated with purified glycoprotein G from VHSV. The trout macrophages supported the replication of VHSV as tested by cell culture and by sandwich ELISA of the supernatants from infected cultures. VHSV-infected macrophages showed a decrease in both acridine-orange fluorescence and average size. Immunofluorescence studies with flow cytometry showed positive membrane staining with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) anti-N and anti-G VHSV. These findings open the possibility of using trout macrophages as presenting cells to study the possible existence of helper or cytotoxic epitopes relevant to the protection of trout against VHSV.
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PMID:Susceptibility of trout kidney macrophages to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus. 147 78

Cytokines have been implicated in the modulation of fat metabolism after sepsis. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), the regulatory enzyme of hepatic mitochondrial long-chain fatty-acid oxidation, is involved in the control of hepatic fat oxidation in sepsis. Using either H4IIe rat hepatoma cells or rat hepatocytes in primary culture, we tested the hypothesis that interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1 alpha) would modulate CPT transcription (CPT mRNA), CPT translation (35S-methionine CPT protein incorporation), and hepatic mitochondrial oxidation of 1-Carbon 14-labeled (14C) palmitate to ketone bodies (acid soluble products). We showed that IL-1 alpha significantly increased CPT mRNA, 35S-methionine incorporation CPT protein, and hepatic mitochondrial oxidation of 1-14C-palmitate to acid soluble products. We further hypothesized that the Ca2+ second messenger system may play a role in the IL-1 alpha induction of hepatic CPT gene transcription. We showed that either calcium ionophore (A23187) or phorbol myristate acetate increased CPT gene transcription and that either calcium chelation, protein kinase C inhibition (acridine orange), or chronic exposure to phorbol myristate acetate significantly inhibited IL-1 alpha induction of CPT mRNA. We conclude that the IL-1 alpha increases in hepatic mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation may be, in part, secondary to increased CPT gene transcription and translation and that the Ca2+ second messenger system may play an important role in IL-1 alpha induction of CPT gene transcription.
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PMID:The Ca2+ second messenger system and interleukin-1-alpha modulation of hepatic gene transcription and mitochondrial fat oxidation. 185 38

Due to the multitude of invasive procedures of today's intensive care medicine, infections from central venous catheters have gained increasing attention. The incidence of bacteremias arising from such devices ranges from less than 0.1 to 0.6 cases per 100 catheter-days. Factors influencing the incidence of catheter-associated infections are related to patient characteristics as well as the purpose and material of the catheter. Silicone catheters seem to carry a lower risk of infection than common polytetrafluorethylene catheters. The most frequently isolated bacteria in catheter-associated infections are coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococci, enterococci, and pseudomonas species. Septicemias due to Candida albicans frequently complicate the course of immune-compromised patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPE). Catheter-associated bacteremias (CAB) can arise from the contaminated hub, from which pathogens migrate intraluminally to the blood stream. When the catheter entry site is infected, bacteria may reach the blood via the extraluminal route and cause septicemia. Endemic outbreaks of CAB often originate from contaminated infusion fluids. As the clinical presentation of "catheter infections" is often uncharacteristic and insidious, a definite diagnosis depends on bacteriological examination of the catheter. Quantitative and semiquantitative culture techniques of the catheter tip help to distinguish colonization from contamination by numbers of colony-forming units per milliliter culture medium. Preliminary results can be obtained by simple Gram or acridine-orange staining of the catheter tip. The most important prophylactic measures to prevent CAB are strictly aseptic conditions when catheters are placed and meticulous care thereafter, preferably by specially trained nurses or "TPE teams".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Infectious complications due to central venous polymeric catheters]. 186 66

Flow cytometric parameters of neutrophil function, such as phagocytosis and degradation of Escherichia coli, intracellular pH value, esterase activity, and cell volume, were evaluated as risk indicators for sepsis- and trauma-related pulmonary and cardiovascular organ failure in intensive care patients. Serial blood samples (n = 201) were obtained from 47 prospectively identified patients. Each patient's condition was classified daily within four categories: post-traumatic (n = 22) or septic (n = 28) organ failure, transition state (n = 119), and stable organ function after recovery (n = 27). Thirty-two parameters of neutrophil function were automatically calculated for each blood sample from several flow cytometric list mode measurements of cell samples vitally stained with acridine orange for intact and denatured DNA or with 1,4-diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene for intracellular pH and esterase activity. The DNA of dead cells was simultaneously counterstained with propidium iodide. The cell biochemical parameter pattern was significantly different among samples of patients from the four clinical categories (p less than 0.05). Hyperergic phagocytosis was observed after trauma, in contrast to hypoergic phagocytosis, increased neutrophil cell volume, and elevated intracellular pH during sepsis. The clinical categories were correctly identified in 82% of the samples by automated classification with the DIAGNOS1/SPSS program system from the flow cytometrically determined cell functions. The course of the disease was correctly predicted 3 days in advance to the clinical manifestation of pulmonary or cardiovascular organ failure in 92% of the samples. The multifunctional analysis of neutrophils by flow cytometry seems of interest for early medical intervention in preseptic and preshock patients.
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PMID:Flow cytometric parameters of neutrophil function as early indicators of sepsis- or trauma-related pulmonary or cardiovascular organ failure. 210 66

This study developed a rapid manual histologic technique on burn wound biopsy specimens for an early diagnosis of infection. A total of 86 biopsy specimens were processed using this rapid manual method, acridine orange fluorescent staining for the detection of microorganisms, and a quantitative culture for the identification and counting of bacteria in adjacent homogenized biopsy specimens. Use of these three techniques has shown their complementarity for the evaluation of sepsis in burn wound patients. The histologic study allowed a classification of the depth of bacterial involvement 4 hours after specimen collection, whereas the acridine orange fluorescent staining was useful for quantitative evaluation of infection in the same delay. Thus a rapid therapeutic decision can be made while waiting for the results of quantitative culture and sensitivity tests, which require 24 to 48 hours. We propose routine monitoring of burned patients consisting of these three tests performed simultaneously on each biopsy specimen.
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PMID:Precise diagnosis of infection in burn wound biopsy specimens. Combination of histologic technique, acridine orange staining, and culture. 247 75

The present study included 150 newborns; 100 clinically septic and 50 clinically aseptic who served as control. Out of 100 clinically septic newborns, blood culture was positive in 33 (33%), serum CRP was positive in 64 (64%) and acridine orange stained buffy coat smear was positive in 76 (76%). Serum CRP was found to be the most specific (specificity 96%) and acridine orange stained buffy coat smear examination the most sensitive (sensitivity 94.3%) test for diagnosis of neonatal septicemia.
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PMID:Acridine orange stain--a rapid method for diagnosis of neonatal septicemia. 275 31

An accurate, rapid, and inexpensive method was developed for detecting and enumerating bacteria adherent to Foley urinary catheters based on malachite green staining of acridine orange-prestained specimens. This method has proven to be quick and reliable and will find application in quantitative studies of biomaterial-related sepsis.
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PMID:Rapid method for detection of adherent bacteria on Foley urinary catheters. 392 50

Tissue thromboplastin generation in monocytes was studied during various stages of Escherichia coli endotoxinaemia in pigs. The pigs were monitored in halothane anaesthesia and mechanically ventilated. Blood was sampled from the superior caval vein before and during endotoxin infusion and up to 6 hours after its start. Monnuclear leukocytes were harvested with Lymphoprep separation and monocyte counts were made, using TRITC-labelled sheep erythrocytes, acridine orange and a fluorescence microscope. Thromboplastin was quantified in a two-stage assay by incubating the test sample together with purified factor X, factor VII and Ca++. The generated factor Xa was thereafter assayed. There was statistically significant increase of tissue thromboplastin activity in monocytes after endotoxin infusion. Maximum level was reached at the end of the infusion and was maintained throughout the observation period. Decrease occurred in platelets, leukocytes, antithrombin III, fibrinogen and clotting factors V, VII and VIII, and clotting time was prolonged. These findings indicated significant disseminated intravascular coagulation. The endotoxin-stimulated monocytes with their elevated tissue thrombo-plastin activity thus may play an important part in development of the DIC which so often follows septicemia.
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PMID:Tissue thromboplastin generation in circulating mononuclear phagocytes and development of coagulation disorders during E. coli endotoxinaemia in pigs. 392 66

The ease with which Mycoplasma hominis can be recovered and the frequency of its occurrence in septicemia may not be fully appreciated. We detected the growth of M. hominis radiometrically with an automated blood culture instrument. The organism grew in both aerobic and anaerobic culture media, but the cultures were not visibly positive. It was necessary to stain the cultures with acridine orange to visualize M. hominis and to subculture them on Columbia base sheep blood agar to confirm the positive growth index indicated by the instrument. Sodium polyanetholesulfonate inhibited the growth of M. hominis and is not recommended for use as the anticoagulant when blood is cultured for Mycoplasma spp.
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PMID:Detection of Mycoplasma hominis septicemia by radiometric blood culture. 398 Jun 85

Cell-wall-deficient (CWD) forms of bacteria are associated with certain cases of idiopathic septicemia. In this preliminary study of blood examined immediately after venipuncture, structures with a morphology characteristic of CWD forms were seen parasitizing the erythrocytes. These inclusions were usually circumferential, but in some cases they protruded from the red cells. The CWD forms were detected by staining with Gould's rhodamine-labeled muramidase, which reacted similarly to acridine orange but with greater specificity. A blocking test, employing unlabeled muramidase, indicated the specificity of the reaction between muramidase and the microbial substrate. Reaction of the forms with muramidase indicates their bacterial, rather than mycoplasmal, nature. Thus in vivo CWD forms have a detectable component of muramic acid, at least in certain cases. Sixty-eight individuals with a diagnosis of fever of unknown origin were tested, with 51 nondebilitated individuals serving as controls. More intraerythrocytic forms reacting with muramidase were found in the patients than in the controls. Nearly 40% of the cases had a relatively high incidence of erythrocyte parasitism. In some instances when freshly drawn blood was examined, the structures, which appear to be microbial, extended in rhizoid filaments from the erythrocytes.
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PMID:Structures suggesting cell-wall-deficient forms detected in circulating erythrocytes by fluorochrome staining. 411 24


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