Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antimicrobial activity of 24 Bacteroides fragilis, 13 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and 5 Bacteroides vulgatus, all of which were recent clinical isolates, was determined by the agar dilution technique. These three species had similar susceptibility patterns, but the B. thetaiotaomicron strains were generally less susceptible than the B. fragilis strains. Clindamycin was very active against 81% of the Bacteroides strains at 3.1 mcg/ml of less while 21% of the Bacteroides strains had MICs of 100 mcg/ml or above. Metronidazole was active against all Bacteroides strains at 1.6 mcg/ml or less. The patients with decubitus ulcers and B. fragilis septicemia, who responded satisfactorily to the combination of metronidazole and tobramycin, were presented.
 ...
PMID:[Bacteriological and clinical studies on metronidazole in Bacteroides fragilis infections (author's transl)]. 43 90

Ten adult patients with severe Bacteroides infections were treated with 0.9 approximately 1.8 g/day of parenteral or oral clindamycin, and a child was treated with 0.3 g/day orally. Remarkable responses and cures were obtained in all the patients, who had no underlying diseases and pure anaerobic infections; a case of sepsis, two cases of liver abscess, a case of subcutaneous abscess and a case of spinal epidural abscess. The other six patients who had ultimately fatal underlying diseases or mixed infections did not respond well to the combination of clindamycin and the other antibiotics therapy, althought bacteriological cures were obtained in all but two cases. Clindamycin was well tolerated and generally nontoxic, nevertheless it was administrated for long term (34 approximately 49 days). But transient development of transaminase was seen in a patient. The data suggested that clindamycin should be considered a first choice antibiotic for the treatment of an aerobic, especially, Bacteroides infections.
 ...
PMID:[Therapy for severe anaerobic infections with clindamycin (author's transl)]. 83 38

Clindamycin and gentamicin were used in combination to treat 107 patients empirically for suspected aerobic-anaerobic sepsis. All patients were seriously ill and required initiation of treatment before results of cultures could be obtained. Infections included intraabdominal sepsis, hospital-acquired aspiration pneumonia, and soft tissue infections. Exudate cultured from 65 patients showed that the prediction of a mixed aerobic-anaerobic flora was correct in 46 patients (71%). Isolates from exudate included Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, clostridia, peptostreptococci, Proteus species, Klebsiella species, and Staphylococcus aureus. In 29 patients with bacteremia, the most frequent blood culture isolate was B. fragilis. Analysis of response to treatment showed that 92 patients were cured, five could not be evaluated adequately, and 10 failed to respond to therapy. Therapeutic failure primarily resulted from overwhelming sepsis, despite susceptibility of the pathogens to prescribed antibiotics.
 ...
PMID:Empiric treatment with clindamycin and gentamicin of suspected sepsis due to anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. 85 96

Coumarin, a potent immune stimulant and macrophage activator, has been used to treat brucellosis and as an immune suppressor. The effect of Coumarin and systemic antibiotics on septicaemia, survival and peritoneal contamination in experimental peritonitis was assessed. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were inoculated with Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. Group A received saline alone, Group B received Coumarin alone, Group C received antibiotics (Clindamycin and Cephradine) alone and Group D received both Coumarin and antibiotics. Septicaemia, confirmed by blood culture, occurred in all animals. Coumarin did not improve survival whether given alone or in combination with antibiotics. Animals given Coumarin (Groups B and D) had significantly less peritoneal soiling (54%, 0%) (P less than 0.02, P less than 0.001) than their controls (Groups A and C: 92%; 29%). While Coumarin did not improve resistance to septicaemia it did exert a local beneficial effect.
 ...
PMID:Local beneficial effect of coumarin in experimental peritonitis. 182 92

The Authors studied the effects of a short-term prophylaxis (Aztreonam + Clindamycin) administered to 259 patients operated on for colo-rectal diseases. Thirteen wound sepsis (5.15%) and 49 different infections (19.44%) occurred in this group of patients. The study confirms the link between P.N.I. greater than 50 and the incidence of wound infections. The incidence of urogenital sepsis was correlated with the catheterization period (greater than 6 days), operative time (greater than 200 min.), hospitalization (greater than 12 days) and age (greater than 70 years). General tolerance to the antibiotics was good.
 ...
PMID:[Aztreonam and clindamycin in short-term antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery: results of a multicenter studies]. 209 26

Clindamycin pharmacokinetics was compared in critically ill patients with sepsis and healthy volunteers, and the relationship between pharmacokinetic values and physiological measurements obtained from the critically ill patients was characterized. Pharmacokinetic evaluations were performed on 10 patients with sepsis who were receiving clindamycin phosphate 900 mg i.v. every eight hours and on 6 previously studied healthy men receiving the same dosage regimen. Physiological variables measured included age, weight, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure, liver-function tests, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein concentration, and APACHE II score. Clindamycin was administered to the critically ill patients via a central venous catheter over 30 minutes; the healthy volunteers received their infusions via a peripheral venous catheter over 30 minutes. Blood samples were obtained at five minutes before and at various intervals after drug administration. Serum clindamycin concentrations were determined by a gas-liquid chromatographic method. Serum concentration data were analyzed using noncompartmental methods based on statistical moment theory, and the a priori level of significance was 0.05. The critically ill patients had significantly increased values for area under the curve (AUC), area under the moment curve (AUMC), mean residence time (MRT), and average concentration at steady state (Css), while total body clearance (TBC) was less than half that in the healthy volunteers. TBC in three of the critically ill patients was not different from that in the healthy volunteers. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) was not significantly different between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Decreased hepatic clearance of clindamycin in critically ill patients with sepsis. 366 68

We studied 12 newborn infants (gestational ages 26-39 wk [mean +/- SD, 30.6 +/- 4.7]; birth weight 640-2700 g, [mean, 1,322 +/- 688]; postnatal age 1-24 days [mean, 9.6 +/- 8.5]) who received clindamycin phosphate for suspected or proven necrotizing enterocolitis (ten patients) or suspected anaerobic septicemia (two patients) in doses of 3.2-11 mg/kg every six hours. Range of mean serum concentration of clindamycin at steady state was between 12.7 and 40 micrograms/ml (therapeutic range = 2-10 micrograms/ml). High concentrations could be attributed to elimination T1/2 (6.3 +/- 2.1 hr) 100% longer than in older children or adults. Clindamycin clearance (61.6 +/- 31.6 hr ml/kg/hr) was lower than in older children or adults. Because of the observed prolongation in T1/2 and correspondingly lower clearance, the IV dose of clindamycin in newborn infants should be reduced to 15-20 mg/kg/day given in four daily doses.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of intravenous clindamycin in newborn infants. 373 73

The penicillinase-resistant penicillins (methicillin, oxacillin, nafcillin) have been the mainstay of antibiotic therapy for S. aureus septicaemia and endocarditis. In experimental rabbit S. aureus endocarditis, these three antibiotics were equally effective. There has been no prospective comparative clinical studies to determine the relative effectiveness of these antibiotics. In experimental rabbit S. aureus endocarditis, cephalothin and cefazolin are less effective than methicillin and nafcillin. The results of therapy with cephalosporins in patients with S. aureus endocarditis are variable. Clindamycin therapy of S. aureus endocarditis has been associated with clinical relapse. Vancomycin has been used to treat S. aureus septicaemia and endocarditis with good results. Fusidic acid has been used in combination with another effective drug in treating S. aureus septicaemia and endocarditis. Although the combination of a cell-wall acting antibiotic with an aminoglycoside has been shown to have an enhanced anti-staphylococcal activity in vitro and in animal studies, there is no evidence that such a combination reduces morbidity or mortality clinically. Rifampin in combination with a cell-wall acting antibiotic is antagonistic against S. aureus in vitro and in experimental endocarditis in rabbits. The use of such a combination has not shown consistent benefits clinically. The clinical importance of tolerance (MBC/MIC greater than or equal to 32) of cell-wall acting antibiotics to S. aureus is not clear. It appears not to be important in animal studies. Cephalosporins appear not to be effective in the treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. The treatment of choice of sepsis and endocarditis due to such strains is vancomycin which is effective against all strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:A general survey of antibiotic treatment of staphylococcal septicaemia and endocarditis. 658 52

A Bacteroides fragilis wound sepsis model was developed in rats. Topical and parenteral administration of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and carbenicillin were used prophylactically to eradicate bacteria from contaminated wounds. Topical clindamycin prevented bacterial growth in 15 of 34 wounds, while topical chloramphenicol and carbenicillin were not effective. Clindamycin injected into the wound margins or at a distal site prevented bacterial growth in 16 of 18 wounds and in a lower dose prevented growth of 50 per cent of 12 wounds. These results support the clinical use of clindamycin for the prevention of Bacteroides wound infection.
 ...
PMID:Use of antibiotics for prevention of Bacteroides fragilis wound sepsis in rats. 737 63

The results of a prospective, randomized comparative study of the efficacy and toxicity of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin in the treatment, concomitantly with gentamicin to ensure complete aerobic coverage, of 175 patients with serious mixed aerobic/anaerobic intraabdominal or female genital tract sepsis are reported. In the group with intraabdominal sepsis, 33 (79%) of 42 treated with clindamycin, 43 (81%) of 53 treated with chloramphenicol, and 35 (90%) of 39 treated with ticarcillin were cured. In the group with genital tract sepsis, 16 (94%) of 17 treated with clindamycin, 11 (100%) of 11 treated with chloramphenicol, and 12 (92%) of 13 treated with ticarcillin were cured. Diarrhea occurred most frequently in patients treated with clindamycin (P < 0.001), hematologic suppression occurred most frequently in patients treated with chloramphenicol (P < 0.01), and hypokalemia occurred most frequently in patients treated with ticarcillin (P < 0.01). Clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin, each in combination with gentamicin, are equally effective in therapy for intraabdominal or female genital tract sepsis.
 ...
PMID:Prospective, randomized comparative study of clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and ticarcillin, each in combination with gentamicin, in therapy for intraabdominal and female genital tract sepsis. 744 Oct 9


1 2 3 Next >>