Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An outbreak of serious infections due to gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit in which the combination of gentamicin sulfate and ampicillin sodium had been used for standard initial therapy for suspected sepsis for nearly 11 years. After institution of control measures that included the substitution of cefotaxime sodium for gentamicin in the standard regimen, the outbreak promptly subsided. Nevertheless, a second outbreak of serious infections due to cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacter cloacae began ten weeks later. Sequential stool cultures from patients in the unit confirmed the disappearance of gentamicin-resistant K pneumoniae and the emergence of cefotaxime-resistant E cloacae after the change in antibiotic policy. These observations suggest that routine use of newer cephalosporins for therapy of suspected sepsis may lead to the emergence of drug-resistant microorganisms more rapidly than has occurred with the aminoglycosides.
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PMID:Gentamicin vs cefotaxime for therapy of neonatal sepsis. Relationship to drug resistance. 390 3

Neutrophil-derived oxygen-free radicals may play a role in organ dysfunction associated with generalized sepsis. A rat model was used to test the effects of two free radical scavengers, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHB), on mortality from intra-abdominal sepsis produced by cecal ligation and perforation. Being an iron-chelating agent, 2,3-DHB may have an additional bacteriostatic effect. Therapeutic regimens included no treatment; gentamicin sulfate (2 mg given intraperitoneally [IP] every eight hours); DMSO (2 g/24 hr given IP every eight hours in divided doses); 2,3-DHB (35 mg/kg given IP every eight hours); and combinations of gentamicin with each free radical scavenger. No statistically significant improvement in survival was obtained by therapeutic intervention with gentamicin alone, DMSO alone, 2,3-DHB alone, or gentamicin in combination with DMSO. When used in combination with gentamicin, 2,3-DHB yielded a statistically significant improvement in survival when compared with gentamicin alone or with no treatment. These results show that 2,3-DHB when used in combination with gentamicin has a beneficial effect on mortality following intra-abdominal sepsis in this model.
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PMID:2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. Effect on mortality rate in a septic rat model. 401 86

Intravenous inoculation of 3.4 x 10(10) to 7.4 x 10(10)Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms into rhesus monkeys 4 days after intravenous or intratracheal inoculation of 2.0 to 2.5 mg of vincristine sulfate resulted in fatal sepsis in eight of nine monkeys. After intramuscular administration, in two equal doses, of 5 mg of tobramycin, gentamicin, and colistin per kg per day beginning 16 hr after challenge, 4 of 11, 4 of 11, and 3 of 10 monkeys died, respectively. Administration of daily doses of 100 to 400 mg of carbenicillin per kg was followed by death in 5 of 12. Duration of illness in the surviving monkeys in each therapy group was similar. Under the conditions of this study, prior administration of vincristine sulfate resulted in a decrease in leukocytes and enhanced susceptibility to Pseudomonas infection. Using this model for studies of comparative efficacy of antibiotics, we observed comparable results after treatment with tobramycin, gentamicin, colistin, and carbenicillin.
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PMID:Comparison of tobramycin, gentamicin, colistin, and carbenicillin in Pseudomonas sepsis in monkeys. 420 75

Intravenous inoculation of 6.2 x 10(10) to 6.7 x 10(10)Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms into rhesus monkeys 5 days after intratracheal inoculation of 2.0 to 2.5 mg of vincristine sulfate resulted in fatal sepsis in 8 of 10 untreated monkeys. When similarly infected monkeys were treated intramuscularly with 2.5 mg of colistin or 50 mg of carbenicillin per kg per day, all three monkeys in each treatment group survived; one of three monkeys receiving both antibiotics at the above doses died. Six of seven monkeys treated with 1.25 mg of colistin per kg per day and three of seven treated with 25 mg of carbenicillin per kg per day died; four of nine monkeys receiving both antibiotics at these doses died. A combination of the data obtained at both dose levels tested shows that 6 of 10, 3 of 10, and 5 of 12 monkeys, respectively, died after treatment with colistin, carbenicillin, and the colistin-carbenicillin combination. Antibacterial activity of serum from both infected and normal monkeys was not appreciably different when the two antibiotics were given singly or in combination. Under the conditions of this study and with the doses employed, the response of monkeys treated with the antibiotic combination did not differ significantly from that of monkeys treated with a single agent.
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PMID:Comparison of colistin-carbenicillin, colistin, and carbenicillin in Pseudomonas sepsis in monkeys. 420 76

Intravenous inoculation of 6.0 x 10(10)Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms into rhesus monkeys 4 days after intratracheal inoculation of 2.5 mg of vincristine sulfate resulted in fatal sepsis in all of three untreated control monkeys. After intramuscular administration of either 2.5 mg of gentamicin or 50 mg of carbenicillin per kg per day, three of four monkeys in each group survived. When both antibiotics were given at the same dose but in separate sites, six of eight monkeys survived. Antibacterial activity of serum from infected monkeys or normal monkeys was not appreciably different when the two antibiotics were combined. Under the conditions of this study, there was no apparent difference in response of monkeys treated either with gentamicin or carbenicillin alone or with the combination of the two antibiotics.
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PMID:Comparison of gentamicin, carbenicillin and gentamicin, and carbenicillin in Pseudomonas sepsis in monkeys. 420 83

In rhesus monkeys, intravenous challenge with 0.6 x 10(10) to 2.2 x 10(10)Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms caused acute illness of 4 to 5 days' duration with spontaneous recovery in 13 of 15 monkeys; blood cultures became negative 3 to 17 days after challenge. Leukocytosis was observed in all monkeys. Intravenous or intratracheal inoculation of 2.0 to 2.5 mg of vincristine sulfate was followed by leukopenia in 4 to 5 days. Intravenous inoculation of 4.2 x 10(10) to 7.8 x 10(10) pyocin type 6 Pseudomonas organisms in monkeys given vincristine sulfate 4 days previously resulted in fatal infection in 11 of 14 monkeys, whereas none of four receiving Pseudomonas alone died. These studies suggest that an antimetabolite-induced leukopenia predisposes to severe Pseudomonas sepsis and that such monkeys may serve as a biological model for study of comparative efficacy of antimicrobial agents.
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PMID:Effect of vincristine sulfate on Pseudomonas infections in monkeys. 463 13

Despite the increasing number of reports of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in humans, septicemia with this organism has remained a rare complication. A 73-year-old woman presented with fever, jaundice, hepatomegaly and cellulitis. Microorganisms isolated from both skin lesion and blood were biochemically and serologically identified as Yersinia enterocolitica, biotype 4, serotype 3 and lysotype 9b. High agglutinating titres against this organism were demonstrated in the patient's serum. Complete recovery followed a course of gentamicin sulfate. A household pet was considered, but not proved, to be the source of this infection.
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PMID:Septicemia due to Yersinia enterocolitica. 475 92

Eleven patients with established Hodgkin's disease were treated with vinblastine sulfate. Each patient received from 0.15 to 0.20 mg./kg. of body weight intravenously in 10 divided doses over a five-hour period as initial therapy. All had received one or more of the more established forms of treatment before being given vinblastine. The response to treatment with vinblastine was excellent in three patients, good in one, and poor in three; there was no response in four. The longest remission was 15 months. Two of the patients were father and son. The side effects of treatment in this series included alopecia, leukopenia, and septicemia.
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PMID:Clinical experience with vincaleukoblastine sulfate in the treatment of 11 patients with Hodgkin's disease. 582 97

Pyogenic meningitis became apparent on the third day of ampicillin and gentamicin therapy for Aeromonas hydrophila sepsis in a patient with severe alcoholic hepatitis. The patient responded clinically to therapy with intravenous cefotaxime sodium and gentamicin sulfate. Antibiotic therapy that provides adequate CSF concentrations should be considered in the treatment of patients with Aeromonas sepsis.
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PMID:Pyogenic meningitis manifesting during therapy for Aeromonas hydrophila sepsis. 609 81

Measurements of the heparin level were made under continuous anticoagulation in a total of 7 patients. For the purpose of monitoring heparin the coagulation time values were determined parallelly. Except a patient with a sepsis and a 7 days old newborn baby the desired prolongation for the partial thromboplastin time and the reaction time of thrombelastogram resulted from heparin titres lying within the range of 0.2-0.7 U/ml of plasma. Even after applying depot preparations there was a relatively good correspondance of heparin level curves and coagulation parameters. In childhood the partial thromboplastin time is primarily suitable for monitoring the heparin therapy. Heparin half-life times calculated during the transumbilical exchange transfusion in 7 children amounted to values ranging between 40-110 minutes. In addition to checking low dose heparinizing, measurements of the level are suitable for deriving dosage standards for neutralizing heparin effects by protamine sulfate.
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PMID:[Heparin and antiheparin in childhood. 3. Heparin level measurements and their importance in heparin monitoring]. 619 49


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