Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three trials were conducted to establish if young primary specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs could be protected from Glasser's disease by vaccination. Three age groups of cesarean-derived isolator-reared gnotobiotic pigs were vaccinated twice at 4 and 6, 3 and 5, and 2 and 4 wk of age respectively with a formalin killed aluminum hydroxide adsorbed bacterin prepared from three strains of Haemophilus parasuis isolated from Ontario pigs affected with Glasser's disease. When challenged two weeks later with the homologous strains of virulent bacteria, all the vaccinated pigs remained healthy, while 17/18 nonvaccinated pigs became severely sick or died between three and seven days postchallenge. The one surviving nonimmunized pig was retarded in growth. All of the nonimmunized pigs had visible lesions of polyserositis, the most common being polyarthritis (14/18). Other lesions were fibrinous meningitis, pericarditis, pleurisy and/or peritonitis. Two of the pigs died with a septicemia. Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from 15/18 nonimmunized pigs, usually from several of the affected sites. The organisms were not isolated from the immunized pigs, nor from the surviving nonimmunized pig. Attempts to detect the presence of specific antibodies against the H. parasuis strains in the sera of the immunized or exposed pigs by the passive hemagglutination test or by enzyme linked immunoassay were unsuccessful. The results of this work indicate that primary SPF pigs can be protected from Glasser's disease by vaccination as early as 2 and 4 wk of age. The nature of this protective mechanism was not established in this study.
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PMID:Vaccination of gnotobiotic primary specific pathogen-free pigs against Haemophilus parasuis. 183 78

We retrospectively analyzed the gastrointestinal complications observed in 119 patients who had ingested corrosive agents. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were the agents involved in 62% of patients. Women predominated over men (p less than 0.001); mean age was 36 for males and 29 for women (p less than 0.05). Endoscopy was performed in 55% of patients and revealed acute lesions in 69%. Complications were observed in 18% of patients requiring surgery in 12 (10%). Main complications included sepsis of abdominal or mediastinal origin and gastrointestinal bleeding. Mortality among these patients was 73%.
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PMID:[Early complications of caustic injuries of the digestive tract]. 251 64

Mucormycosis in two patients with multiple-organ failure appeared as a cutaneous lesion and spread rapidly. In the first case, wet mounts and potassium hydroxide preparations were unhelpful, but a punch biopsy specimen established the diagnosis. Prompt and extensive debridement and amphotericin B administration arrested the infection. In the second case, virulent progression of the lesion occurred despite limited amputation, debridement, transfer factor, and amphotericin B, but finally responded to further amputation. Diagnosis was made by histologic examination of infected tissue. Both patients shared the following predisposing factors: sepsis, low blood flow, acidosis, multiple-organ failure, and multiple-antibiotic therapy. Although the mucormycosis was controlled, as confirmed in the first case at autopsy and in the second case by clear margins following reamputation, the outcome was fatal in both cases due to other features of multiple-organ failure.
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PMID:Mucormycosis in patients with multiple-organ failure. 647 4

The protective effects of immunization with the rough (R) mutant, Escherichia coli (J5), were evaluated in an experimental model of Edwardsiella ictaluri-induced enteric septicemia of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Groups of 18 to 25 fish were administered killed E coli (J5) with or without an aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvant by intraperitoneal (i.p.) or IM route. Vaccinated fish were experimentally infected with virulent Ed ictaluri. Fish were monitored to determine survival after Ed ictaluri infection. Fish that received E coli (J5) in alum i.p. had enhanced survival (92%), compared with fish given E coli (J5) i.p. only (54%, P < 0.05) or fish given saline solution i.p. (56%, P < 0.05). Fish given E coli (J5) in alum i.m. had intermediate survival (77%), which did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from survival of fish in the other 3 vaccination groups. Serologic responses to Ed ictaluri and E coli (J5) before and after immunization with E coli (J5) were determined, using whole-cell ELISA. Serologic recognition of both whole cell antigens increased significantly (P < 0.10) in all groups; however, the most pronounced increase was observed in fish that received E coli (J5) in alum i.p.. These results indicate the i.p. administration of E coli (J5) in alum protects against enteric septicemia of catfish.
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PMID:Protection against enteric septicemia of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) by immunization with the R-mutant, Escherichia coli (J5). 780 93

The diagnosis of a pustular dermatosis occurring during the first months of life is usually based on clinical findings. However, some cases may require simple investigations including microscopic examination of pustular content, cultures, and skin biopsies. The main benign transient neonatal types of pustulosis include erythema toxicum neonatorum, infantile acropustulosis, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, and neonatal acne. The most common causes of infectious pustular skin lesions include bacterial infections, which may be initially localized (Staphylococcus aureus) or septicemic (with Listeria monocytogenes as the leading causitive agent); viral infections (herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and cytomegalovirus infections); fungal infections (candidiasis); or parasitic disorders (scabies). The main objective of this article is to propose a systematic approach to pustular eruptions in the neonate. The need for investigating every neonate with pustules for an infectious disease is emphasized. The Tzanck smear, the Gram's stain, and a potassium hydroxide preparation are the most important quick diagnostic tests. The Tzanck smear is a very easy, rapid, and sensitive test for detection of a herpetic infection (multinucleated giant cells) as well as noninfectious pustular eruptions (eosinophils, neutrophils). Therefore the Tzanck smear should be the first test performed. Moreover, a Gram's stain and potassium hydroxide preparation should be performed in cases of neonatal pustular disorders to detect bacterial and fungal infections. The goal of this diagnostic approach is to spare a healthy neonate with a benign transient condition an invasive evaluation for sepsis, potentially harmful antibiotic therapy, and prolonged hospitalization, with its own inherent morbidity.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of pustular disorders in the neonate. 914 1

Group B streptococcus (GBS), a bacterium with polysaccharide capsule, is the major cause of sepsis and meningitis in early infancy. Recent work has indicated that immunity to GBS infection can be elicited by the surface proteins Rib and alpha, either of which is expressed by most GBS strains causing invasive infections. Here we show that a bivalent vaccine, composed of purified Rib and alpha mixed with aluminum hydroxide (alum), an adjuvant accepted for human use, elicits an antibody response to each of the two antigens. Moreover, the bivalent vaccine was found to protect against experimental infection with GBS strains representing the four classical serotypes. Our results represent an encouraging step towards the development of a human GBS vaccine based on pure protein antigens.
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PMID:Protection against experimental infection with group B streptococcus by immunization with a bivalent protein vaccine. 1007 23

Endotoxin shock is a major cause of death in patients with septicemia. Endotoxin induces nitric oxide (NO) production and causes tissue damage. In addition, the release of oxygen free radicals has also been observed in endotoxin shock and was found to be responsible for the occurrence of multiple organ failure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate suitable indicators for early and late stages of endotoxin shock. The experiments were designed to induce endotoxin shock in conscious rats by means of an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously monitored for 72 h after LPS administration. The maximal decrease in AP and increase in HR and nitrate/nitrite level occurred at 9-12 h following LPS administration. The white blood cell (WBC) count had decreased at 3 h. Hydroxyl radical (methyl guanidine, MG) decreased rapidly after LPS administration. Plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase increased before the rise of amylase. Our results suggest that changes in AP, HR, WBC, free radicals, and chemical substances (BUN, Cr) can possibly serve as approximate indicators for the early stage of endotoxin shock. Severe multiple organ damage may be caused by amylase release in the late stage of endotoxin shock.
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PMID:Physiological and chemical indicators for early and late stages of sepsis in conscious rats. 1243 27

Oligodinucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) are strong adjuvants for immune responses, particularly in mice, the immunostimulatory effects of CpG in combination with aluminum hydroxide (alum) or Emulsigen (Em) were investigated in cattle, rabbits or mice, but not piglets. In this report, using the swine streptococcus as model bacteria, the efficacy of CpG ODN as an adjuvant for piglets was assessed alone and in combination with alum (CpG/alum) or Em (CpG/Em). The CpG/alum or CpG/Em combination elicited greater immune responses to swine streptococcic septicemia killed vaccine (SSSK vaccine) compared with CpG alone, or alum or Em. A GpC/alum or GpC/Em combination did not have the same effects as CpG/alum or CpG/Em suggesting that the adjuvanticity was related to the CpG motifs. In addition, we also found that the 10% Em in combination with CpG ODN had similar immunological effects as 30% Em combination. Our results demonstrate that the addition of CpG ODN to alum or to Em significantly improves the efficiency of the adjuvants in piglets.
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PMID:The efficacy of CpG oligodinucleotides, in combination with conventional adjuvants, as immunological adjuvants to swine streptococcic septicemia vaccine in piglets in vivo. 1678 39

Meningitis and sepsis caused by serogroup B meningococcus are two severe diseases that still cause significant mortality. To date there is no universal vaccine that prevents these diseases. In this work, five antigens discovered by reverse vaccinology were expressed in a form suitable for large-scale manufacturing and formulated with adjuvants suitable for human use. The vaccine adjuvanted by aluminum hydroxide induced bactericidal antibodies in mice against 78% of a panel of 85 meningococcal strains representative of the global population diversity. The strain coverage could be increased to 90% and above by the addition of CpG oligonucleotides or by using MF59 as adjuvant. The vaccine has the potential to conquer one of the most devastating diseases of childhood.
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PMID:A universal vaccine for serogroup B meningococcus. 1682 36

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, also known as statins, are the cornerstones of treatment of hyperlipidemia. They are widely used drugs that have well-documented, advantageous effects on cholesterol and atherosclerosis. The pleiotropic activities of statins can lead to newer applications. This review describes some of the available evidence supporting the use of statins for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome, as adjuncts to percutaneous coronary intervention, and for the prevention of sepsis. It also briefly discusses the rationale behind the potential development of statin-eluting stents.
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PMID:Statin therapy: not just used to lower cholesterol? 1735 56


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