Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the assay of plasma Fn by laser nephelometry, to compare the nephelometric and turbidimetric techniques and to confirm the influence of various parameters on the Fn concentration. The results reveal that both techniques are sensitive (threshold of sensitivity: 20 mg/l with laser nephelometry, 125 mg/l with turbidimetry), reproducible (coefficient of variation of less than 10 p. cent), specific, simple and rapid. The interpretation of the results must take into account the influence of various factors on the Fn concentration. Fn is present in lower concentrations in the serum and the percentage of serum Fn to the plasma concentration varies from one sample to another in the same patient. The optimal conditions for the assay include collection of the plasma on EDTA, storage of the samples at - 20 degrees C and incubation of the sample at 37 degrees C prior to the assay. There is a relationship between the concentration of Fn and the sex and age of the subject. There is a significant difference between the sexes between the ages of 18 and 40, which is no longer seen after the age of 50. The ability to assay plasma Fn by rapid, specific and sensitive techniques enables us to evaluate the capacity of response of the reticulo-endothelial system in conditions of severe sepsis.
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PMID:[Assay of plasma fibronectin in clinical biology: comparison of nephelometric and turbidimetric technics]. 642 Dec 8

Strain differences have been postulated to explain the observation that group B Streptococcus type III (GBS III) late-onset disease occurs in only a fraction of colonized infants. To determine the distribution of type-specific polysaccharide antigen (Ag) in GBS III, Ag was measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in both supernatant fluids and EDTA extracts and by radial immunodiffusion in multiple HCl extracts of the pellet from cultures of 10 strains of GBS III. Capsular Ag was defined as the sum of Ag in EDTA extracts + Ag in multiple HCl extracts. Both Ag in EDTA extracts and Ag in supernatant fluids correlated with capsular Ag (r = 0.94). GBS III strains were obtained from the blood of 19 infants with late-onset sepsis, from the cerebrospinal fluid or blood of 22 infants with late-onset meningitis, and from mucosal surfaces of both 18 infants and 12 mothers of infants with low levels of type-specific antibody and asymptomatic colonization. Mean values of Ag in supernatant fluids in strains from infants with late-onset sepsis (1.50 +/- 0.08 micrograms/ml) and late-onset meningitis (1.67 +/- 0.09 micrograms/ml) were significantly greater than those in asymptomatic colonization strains (1.14 +/- 0.05 micrograms/ml; P less than 0.001). The number of organisms required for a 50% lethal dose in the chick embryo, determined in 29 strains, was inversely related to Ag in supernatant fluids (r = -0.60). The demonstration that the quantity of capsular Ag produced by GBS III strains is related to their virulence in chick embryos and to their invasiveness in susceptible infants supports the hypothesis that Ag is a virulence factor in humans.
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PMID:Type-specific capsular antigen is associated with virulence in late-onset group B Streptococcal type III disease. 642 40

A patient with a Billroth II resection and Crohn's disease subsequently developed obstructive jaundice and biliary sepsis. Three hepatic duct stones were demonstrated by ERC. After overcoming the obstruction by means of temporary retrograde internal drainage, perfusion of glyceryl-1-monooctanoate-carnosine and bile-acid-EDTA solution (2) was combined with sucralfate instillation into the blind loop via a duodenal tube. During successful treatment of the cholangiolithiasis, no deterioration of Crohn's disease was seen. Secondary effects such as abdominal pain or diarrhoea, were treated symptomatically.
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PMID:Dissolution of biliary duct stones without papillotomy in a patient with Billroth II resection and Crohn's disease. 642 68

Group B streptococci (GBS) are important pathogens in neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis. The ability of GBS to invade the collagen-rich amniotic membrane of the placenta has been shown in vitro. In the presence of GBS, the collagen fibrils of the amnion appear disordered, suggesting a role for GBS in premature rupture of membranes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, and gelatin zymograms were used in this study to characterize cell-associated collagenolytic activities of GBS. The synthetic peptide 2-furanacryloyl-Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala (FALGPA), which mimics the primary structure of collagen, was degraded by GBS USF704, a clinical isolate from the placenta of a septic newborn. Cells of GBS USF704 (9 x 10(7) CFU/ml) hydrolyzed 902 nmol of FALGPA over a 24-h period. As reported for zinc metalloenzymes such as collagenase, the hydrolysis of FALGPA by GBS was inhibited by addition of EDTA or 1,10-phenanthroline. Boiling of the cells resulted in loss of activity, while higher activity was observed with crude GBS cell lysates (hydrolysis of 970 nmol of FALGPA in 1.5 h). Antiserum raised against collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum was found to cross-react with cell-associated proteins produced by GBS and to inhibit GBS FALGPA hydrolysis. Twenty-five additional GBS clinical isolates were screened and found to have various levels of FALGPA hydrolytic activity. These observations suggest a cell-associated collagenolytic activity by GBS which may be involved in premature rupture of membranes and neonatal disease.
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PMID:Cell-associated collagenolytic activity by group B streptococci. 796 Jan 47

C-reactive protein and elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes were compared in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and bacterial infections in adults on the intensive care unit. Both analytes were measured in the same sample immediately after receipt. EDTA-plasma samples (n = 115) from 28 neonates (gestational age 29-42 weeks) within the first 72 hours of life with suspected neonatal sepsis, 2 babies between 14 and 28 days old with B-streptococcus infections and 28 adults on the intensive care unit with positive bacterial cultures were analysed for both analytes. Two adults with long-term infections were followed up over a period of 28 and 65 days respectively. The results showed that in 17 cases of confirmed neonatal sepsis within the first 24 hours of life, c-reactive protein levels were undetectable in 16 cases, one level of 13 mg/l being recorded. All had elevated elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor concentrations. Of the remaining 15 samples, 13 were normal and 2 were borderline for this analyte. C-reactive protein levels were between 5 and 10 mg/l in 5 cases and undetectable in the remaining 10 samples. Those neonates with detectable c-reactive protein levels were between 20 and 72 hours old with a gestational age greater than 31 weeks. C-reactive protein was undetectable in samples taken at the same time interval after birth from full-terms babies with a gestational age of 41-42 weeks, even in confirmed cases of neonatal sepsis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The limitations and usefulness of C-reactive protein and elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes as analytes in the diagnosis and follow-up of sepsis in newborns and adults. 808 20

Recently, sepsis has been shown to impair intestinal amino acid absorption in addition to gut metabolic and barrier functions. We investigated intestinal proline absorption in a rabbit model of sepsis. Twelve hours after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, proline uptake by everted jejunal sacs prepared from septic animals (480.4 +/- 67.4 nmol per sac per hour) was significantly reduced compared with controls (846.8 +/- 73.5 nmol per sac per hour) (p < .001 by t test). We next investigated whether reduced expression of transporter proteins contributed to the impaired intestinal proline uptake during sepsis. The proline (imino) carrier of rabbit jejunum is covalently bound by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and/or phenylisothiocyanate with irreversible inhibition of proline uptake. This binding and inhibition is prevented by sodium chloride and L-proline. Single-cell suspensions of rabbit enterocytes were prepared 12 hours after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide/saline or saline alone. Enterocytes were incubated for 30 minutes in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane/ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Tris/EDTA) buffer; buffer with 1 mM phenylisothiocyanate; or buffer with 10 mM proline, 100 mM sodium chloride, and 1 mM phenylisothiocyanate. After incubation with 10 microM FITC in Tris/EDTA buffer for 15 minutes, the percent positivity and fluorescent intensity of FITC binding to enterocytes were determined by using flow cytometry. Sepsis significantly reduced the percentage of enterocytes binding FITC and the fluorescent intensity of FITC binding of proline/sodium chloride-pretreated or untreated cells. This suggests that sepsis depresses the expression of imino transporters by rabbit enterocytes, which may explain the reduced intestinal proline absorption.
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PMID:The role of the imino transporter protein in sepsis-impaired intestinal proline absorption. 830 2

This prospective study was conducted over a period of 18 months (February 1989 to July 1990) in the State of Kuwait. It covered a population of 1,024,211 and eight multidisciplinary hospitals with an in-patient admission of 118,079 per year. Two hundred and twenty-six adult patients with acute renal failure (ARF) were seen and followed up by nephrologists. This made the calculated annual incidence of ARF 14.7 per 100,000 population, nearly five times that reported by the EDTA registry (Biesenbach et al. 1991). Drugs, sepsis and volume depletion were the most frequent causes, with sepsis resulting in 36% cause specific mortality compared to zero mortality with the other two. The overall mortality rate was only 14% which clearly indicated a markedly improved prognosis in cases of ARF. The prognosis in ARF depended on two major factors, viz. the type of aetiological insult and the presence of predisposing associated medical illnesses. Multiple insults, though common, do not affect the mortality rate. Secondary sepsis or gastrointestinal bleeding as a cause of death in ARF was rarely seen in our study. Those who required dialytic support for renal failure had a 45% patient mortality rate in general. Over 40% of our patients were 60 years or older compared with only 3.5% in the local population. This indicated old age as a major risk factor in the development of ARF. The overall mortality in the elderly did not differ from that in the young, but sepsis in the elderly carried a mortality rate of 60% compared to only 14.8% in the younger age group.
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PMID:Acute renal failure in Kuwait--a prospective study. 841 9

This study examined the effects of a 21-aminosteroid, U-74389, on lipid peroxidation [determined by plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels], intestinal permeability (plasma-to-luminal clearance of 51Cr-labeled EDTA), and intestinal blood flow (laser Doppler) during and after intestinal ischemia [superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and collateral vessel occlusion for 20 min with atraumatic clip]. Untreated ischemia increased EDTA clearance (from 0.050 +/- 0.005 to 0.169 +/- 0.040 ml.min-1.100 g-1; n = 16, P = < 0.05), reduced SMA flow 88% (P < 0.05), and increased plasma MDA (0.340 +/- 0.120 to 4.030 +/- 0.86 nmol/ml; n = 8, P = 0.01); 2 h of reperfusion further increased EDTA clearance (0.323 +/- 0.060 ml.mg-1.100 g-1). EDTA clearance remained unchanged from baseline throughout the experimental period in sham ischemic rats (n = 12, 0.060 +/- 0.006 ml.min-1.100 g-1). Aminosteroid treatment at ischemia (n = 10) or with reperfusion (n = 11) returned EDTA clearance to near baseline (baseline 0.071 +/- 0.023; reperfusion 0.091 +/- 0.014 ml.min-1.100 g tissue-1) and reduced the ischemia-reperfusion-associated rise in tissue MDA. Two hours after reperfusion, SMA blood flow was above baseline values in all experimental groups. Our data suggest that oxygen-derived free radicals produced during intestinal ischemia and reperfusion contribute to 1) lipid peroxidation of cell membranes and 2) increases in intestinal mucosal permeability, potentiating bacterial translocation and sepsis.
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PMID:Oxygen radicals, lipid peroxidation, and permeability changes after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. 851 64

Macrophage hyperactivity has been suggested to play an important role in septic complications and the development of multiple organ failure. Intraperitoneal administration of macrophage stimulants, e.g., zymosan, induce a systemic inflammatory response, with concomitant gut origin sepsis, and organ dysfunction. However, little is known about alterations in endothelial permeability during macrophage hyperactivation. In the present study, the effect of macrophage hyperactivation on endothelial permeability, assessed by 125I-labeled HSA and 51Cr-labeled EDTA, and the difference between cytolytic and noncytolytic inflammatory macrophages induced by i.p. injection of .25 or .50 mg/g of zymosan, concanavalin A (Con A) or thioglycollate medium (TM) diluted in 4 mL of paraffin, as well as the potential relationship with the doses used, were evaluated in the rat. Overactivation of cytolytic inflammatory macrophages induced a pronounced alteration in endothelial barrier permeability, characterized by a decrease in whole body plasma volume and an increase in whole body interstitial fluid volume, while overactivation of noncytolytic inflammatory macrophages only induced leakage of proteins and plasma to several of the organs studied. Macrophage activators, like zymosan, Con A and TM, exhibited varying effects on endothelial permeability related to the dose used. The results in the present study imply that overactivation of cytolytic inflammatory macrophages may play an important role in endothelial barrier injury and that zymosan possesses a more potent effect as compared to Con A when administered at the same dose.
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PMID:Alterations in endothelial barrier permeability in multiple organs during overactivation of macrophages in rats. 885 47

In severe trauma, sepsis or during surgery, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) frequently enters the circulation. Persons with high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have previously demonstrated higher monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA) when whole blood is challenged with LPS. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of radiolabelled LPS (125I-LPS) in plasma from six persons with high (2.14-2.82 mmol l-1) and six persons with low (0.54-1.04 nmol l-1) HDL, subjecting plasma to fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), or agarose electrophoresis followed by quantitative autoradiography. In heparin plasma 125I-LPS was located mainly in parts of plasma containing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and the immunoglobulins, and located to a lesser extent in HDL. However, persons with high HDL showed significantly higher binding of 125I-LPS to HDL and the immunoglobulins, probably to IgG, and significantly lower binding to LDL/VLDL. In calcium-depleted plasma (EDTA) 125I-LPS demonstrated a sharp increase in the binding to HDL, combined with a persistently high binding to LDL/VLDL and binding to the immunoglobulins was almost eliminated in all subjects investigated. Likewise, the binding of 125I-LPS to HDL in EDTA plasma was also significantly higher and to LDL/VLDL significantly lower in persons with high HDL. This study demonstrates that the distribution of 125I-LPS in heparin and EDTA plasma from persons with high or low HDL is different, which is presumed to be of importance concerning the various bioactivities of LPS.
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PMID:Different binding of 125I-LPS to plasma proteins from persons with high or low HDL. 890 15


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