Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0036690 (sepsis)
 59,461 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An Edwardsiella ictaluri expression library was screened for clones expressing antigenic E. ictaluri proteins using anti-E. ictaluri serum, which resulted in the isolation of 32 clones. The clones were partially characterized and 4 were selected for complete analysis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), 2-dimensional PAGE, Western blotting, and DNA sequencing were used to analyze expressed antigenic proteins and encoded genes. Sequence analysis identified 4 putative open reading frames (ORFs) in the insert of Clone 4d6, which corresponded to antigenic acidic proteins of 55, 20 and 18 kDa expressed by both the clone and E. ictaluri cells. The predicted gene products of these ORFs were similar to several products of the imp locus of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii. The imp locus of R. leguminosarum contains 14 genes that encode proteins involved in a putative temperature-dependent protein secretion system. In addition there was significant amino acid identity for a variety of hypothetical proteins from R. solanacearum, Ps. aeruginosa, A. tumefaciens, Y. pestis, and Salmonella typhimurium. Overlapping inserts of Clones 1.4, 5d2, and 5d3 encoded ORFs similar to Escherichia coli partial genes serA and pgk, and complete genes rpiA, iciA, yggE, yggB and fda. These genes encode D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (serA), ribose 5-phosphate isomerase (rpiA), a specific inhibitor of chromosomal initiation of replication (iciA), a hypothetical protein (yggE), a protein involved in responses to osmotic stress (yggB), fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (fda), and phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk). Cloned antigenic E. ictaluri proteins of 33, 27, 35 and 45 kDa appeared to be products of the ORFs similar to yggE, rpiA, iciA, and fda respectively. All the cloned antigenic proteins were recognized by antiserum from catfish that had recovered from enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), indicating that these antigens are expressed during the infectious process. The cloned antigenic proteins were subsequently evaluated as subunit vaccines for protection against wild-type E. ictaluri. All vaccine treatments were protective against E. ictaluri in catfish, but results were inconclusive due to high levels of cross-reactive protection afforded by the E. coli host strain of the cloning vector.
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PMID:Cloning and characterization of Edwardsiella ictaluri proteins expressed and recognized by the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus immune response during infection. 1254 86

Although protein carbonyl formation is an index of oxidative stress in skeletal muscles, the exact proteins, which undergo oxidation in these muscles, remain unknown. We used 2D electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry to identify carbonylated proteins in the diaphragm in septic animals. Rats were injected with saline (control) or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and killed after various intervals. Diaphragm protein carbonylation increased significantly and peaked 12 h after LPS injection, and it was localized both inside muscle fibers and in blood vessels supplying muscle fibers. Aldolase A, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase 3beta, mitochondrial and cytosolic creatine kinases, alpha-actin, carbonic anyhdrase III, and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase were all carbonylated in septic rat diaphragms. In addition, we found significant negative correlations between the intensity of carbonylation and creatine kinase and aldolase activities. We conclude that glycolysis, ATP production, CO2 hydration, and contractile proteins are targeted by oxygen radicals inside the diaphragm during sepsis.
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PMID:Protein carbonyl formation in the diaphragm. 1547 39

The aim of the present study was to identify released proteins of Streptococcus agalactiae and to investigate their immunoreactivity with human sera to determine whether such proteins might be viable as carrier proteins in conjugate vaccines. Infections with S. agalactiae are the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in neonates. Vaccination of women of childbearing age would be a desirable alternative to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, but factors that mediate S. agalactiae invasive disease and virulence are poorly defined. Capsule-based vaccines have shown only low immunogenicity to date, and interest has shifted towards S. agalactiae proteins, either as candidate vaccine antigens or as carrier proteins for serotype-specific S. agalactiae polysaccharides. In this study, some major released proteins of S. agalactiae could be identified, including molecules known to be present on the surface of bacterial cells but not previously described as released proteins, such as CAMP factor, a phosphocarrier protein, aldolase, enolase, PcsB, and heat-shock protein 70. Serotype-specific differences in the protein patterns of extracellular products and immunoreactivity with human sera could be detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The identification of unexpected released proteins may indicate secondary functions for these proteins. In addition, the widespread immunoreactivity of these proteins with human sera as shown by Western blot indicates that released proteins may be promising candidates as carrier proteins in conjugate vaccines.
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PMID:Identification and immunoreactivity of proteins released from Streptococcus agalactiae. 1549 Feb 93

In the winter of 2002, an outbreak of mycoplasma infection in Vaal rhebok (Pelea capreolus) originating from South Africa occurred 15 weeks after their arrival in San Diego, Calif. Three rhebok developed inappetence, weight loss, lethargy, signs related to pulmonary or arthral dysfunction, and sepsis. All three rhebok died or were euthanized. Primary postmortem findings were erosive tracheitis, pleuropneumonia, regional cellulitis, and necrotizing lymphadenitis. Mycoplasmas were detected in numerous tissues by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. The three deceased rhebok were coinfected with ovine herpesvirus-2, and two animals additionally had a novel gammaherpesvirus. However, no lesions indicative of herpesvirus were seen microscopically in any animal. The rheboks' mycoplasmas were characterized at the level of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region, and the fructose biphosphate aldolase gene. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was carried out to address the possibility of infection with multiple strains. Two of the deceased rhebok were infected with a single strain of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, and the third animal had a single, unique strain most closely related to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony. A PCR survey of DNA samples from 46 other ruminant species demonstrated the presence of several species of mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster, including a strain of M. capricolum subsp. capricolum identical to that found in two of the rhebok. These findings demonstrate the pervasiveness of mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster in small ruminants and the potential for interspecies transmission and disease when different animal taxa come in contact.
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PMID:Systemic disease in Vaal rhebok (Pelea capreolus) caused by mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster. 1575 Jan 4

Although 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE, a product of lipid peroxidation) is a major cause of oxidative damage inside skeletal muscles, the exact proteins modified by HNE are unknown. We used two-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry to identify selective proteins targeted by HNE inside the diaphragm of rats under two conditions: severe sepsis [induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS)] and during strenuous muscle contractions elicited by severe inspiratory resistive loading (IRL). Diaphragm HNE-protein adduct formation (detected with a polyclonal antibody) increased significantly after 1 and 3 h of LPS injection with a return to baseline values thereafter. Similarly, HNE-protein adduct formation inside the diaphragm rose significantly after 6 but not 3 h of IRL. Mass spectrometry analysis of HNE-modified proteins revealed enolase 3b, aldolase and triosephosphate isomerase 1, creatine kinase, carbonic anyhdrase III, aconitase 2, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, and electron transfer flavoprotein-beta. Measurements of in vitro enolase activity in the presence of pure HNE revealed that HNE significantly attenuated enolase activity in a dose-dependent fashion, suggesting that HNE-derived modifications have inhibitory effects on enzyme activity. We conclude that lipid peroxidation products may inhibit muscle contractile performance through selective targeting of enzymes involved in glycolysis, energy production as well as CO(2) hydration.
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PMID:Modifications of proteins by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the ventilatory muscles of rats. 1660 97

Devrieseasis caused by Devriesea agamarum is a highly prevalent disease in captive desert lizards, resulting in severe dermatitis and in some cases mass mortality. In this study, we assessed the contribution of autovaccination to devrieseasis control by evaluating the capacity of 5 different formalin-inactivated D. agamarum vaccines to induce a humoral immune response in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). Each vaccine contained one of the following adjuvants: CpG, incomplete Freund's, Ribi, aluminium hydroxide, or curdlan. Lizards were administrated one of the vaccines through subcutaneous injection and booster vaccination was given 3 weeks after primo-vaccination. An indirect ELISA was developed and used to monitor lizard serological responses. Localized adverse effects following subcutaneous immunization were observed in all but the Ribi adjuvanted vaccine group. Following homologous experimental challenge, the incomplete Freund's as well as the Ribi vaccine were observed to confer protection in bearded dragons against the development of D. agamarum associated septicemia but not against dermatitis. Subsequently, two-dimensional gelelectrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry was conducted with serum obtained from 3 lizards that showed seroconversion after immunisation with the Ribi vaccine. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and aldo-keto reductase of D. agamarum reacted with serum from the latter lizards. Based on the demonstrated seroconversion and partial protection against D. agamarum associated disease following the use of formalin-inactivated vaccines as well as the identification of target antigens in Ribi vaccinated bearded dragons, this study provides promising information towards the development of a vaccination strategy to control devrieseasis in captive lizard collections.
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PMID:Autovaccination confers protection against Devriesea agamarum associated septicemia but not dermatitis in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps). 2547 9

Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of fatal sepsis and meningitis worldwide. As for commensal species of human neisseriae, N. meningitidis inhabits the human nasopharynx and asymptomatic colonization is ubiquitous. Only rarely does the organism invade and survive in the bloodstream leading to disease. Moonlighting proteins perform two or more autonomous, often dissimilar, functions using a single polypeptide chain. They have been increasingly reported on the surface of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and shown to interact with a variety of host ligands. In some organisms moonlighting proteins perform virulence-related functions, and they may play a role in the pathogenesis of N. meningitidis. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) was previously shown to be surface-exposed in meningococci and involved in adhesion to host cells. In this study, FBA was shown to be present on the surface of both pathogenic and commensal neisseriae, and surface localization and anchoring was demonstrated to be independent of aldolase activity. Importantly, meningococcal FBA was found to bind to human glu-plasminogen in a dose-dependent manner. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the C-terminal lysine residue of FBA was required for this interaction, whereas subterminal lysine residues were not involved.
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PMID:Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase of Neisseria meningitidis binds human plasminogen via its C-terminal lysine residue. 2673 12

Phase-variable DNA methyltransferases (Mods) mediate epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These phase-variable regulons, called phasevarions, have been shown to regulate virulence and immunoevasion in multiple bacterial pathogens. How genome methylation switching mediates gene regulation is unresolved. Neisseria meningitidis remains a major cause of sepsis and meningitis worldwide. Previously, we reported that phase variation (rapid on/off switching) of the meningococcal ModA11 methyltransferase regulates 285 genes. Here we show a bioinformatic analysis that reveals only 26 of the regulated genes have a methylation site located upstream of the gene with potential for direct effect of methylation on transcription. To investigate how methylation changes are "read" to alter gene expression, we used a lacZ gene fusion approach. We showed a 182-nucleotide region upstream of the eda gene (Entner-Doudoroff aldolase) is sufficient to impart methylation-dependent regulation of eda. Site-directed mutagenesis of the 5'-ACGTm6AGG-3' ModA11 site upstream of the eda gene showed that methylation of this site modulates eda expression. We show that eda is regulated by the PhoB homolog MisR, and that a MisR binding motif overlaps with the ModA11 methylation site. In a MisR mutant, regulation of eda is uncoupled from regulation by ModA11 phasevarion switching. The on/off switching of ModA11 leads to the presence or absence of a N6-methyladenine modification at thousands of sites in the genome. Most of these modifications have no impact on gene regulation. Moreover, the majority of the 285 gene regulon that is controlled by ModA11 phasevarion switching (259/285) are not directly controlled by methylation changes in the promoter region of the regulated genes. Our data are consistent with direct control via methylation of a subset of the regulon, like Eda, whose regulation will trigger secondary effects in expression of many genes.
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PMID:Random Switching of the ModA11 Type III DNA Methyltransferase of Neisseria meningitidis Regulates Entner-Doudoroff Aldolase Expression by a Methylation Change in the eda Promoter Region. 3289 29